Janadesh

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2006-04-19T03:29:00.000-07:00

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Janadesh April 11

2006-04-13T03:22:00.000-07:00

New Page 1

hgfb]z ;fKtflxs

jif{ !%, c+s @), @)^@ ;fn
r}q @( ut] d+unjf/, clk|n !!, @))^

d'Vo ;dfrf/

u0ftGq 3f]if0ffsf]
k|ltIff

b]z u0ftGqsf] ;+3f/df 5 . /fhwfgL
/ aflx/ nf]stflGqs d'Qm If]q jf u0ftflGqs If]q 3f]if0ff tLj| ePkl5 l;¨f] b]z g}
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf k|j]z ug{ nfu]sf] 5gs ldn]sf] 5 . ;8sdf u0ftGqeGbf d'lgsf gf/f
ca nfUg 5f8]sf 5g\ / cfGbf]ngsf] 5fn s]xL ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?sf] 9'nd'nkgsf cj/f]wx?
eTsfp“b} u0ftGqlt/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . dflg;x? htftt} rrf{ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ –ca /fhf
efU5, b]zdf u0ftGq :yfkgf x'G5 . …>L % sf] ;/sf/Ú d]6]/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, g]kfn
jf g]kfn ;/sf/ n]Vg] qmd t z'? eO;s]sf] 5 .

clglZrtsfnLg x8\tfn,
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;dy{g

rf/ lbg] cfd x8\tfn /
hgk|bz{gsf] Jofks ;kmntfkl5 pT;flxt ;ft bnn] r}q @& ut] ck/fGx zfxL ;Qfsf] bdgsf]
lj?4 clglZrtsfnLg /fhgLlts x8tfn / k|bz{gsf] sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/] . To;sf] s]xL
306fd} dfcf]jfbLn] pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dy{g ub{} cfkm\gf 5'§} sfo{qmdsf] ;d]t
3f]if0ff u¥of] . dfcf]jfbLsf 3f]lift sfo{qmdx?df …cfd /fhg}lts x8\tfnsf] ;kmntfsf nflu zfxL ;Qfsf ;a} k|sf/sf
bdg, lgif]wf1f / skm{\o'x?nfO{ t]f8\b} Jofks hgk|bz{g ug]{, lg/+s'z ;fdGtL ;Qfsf
k|ltssf ?kdf /x]sf /fhf, dxf/fhfx?sf zflnsx? b]zel/af6 x6fpg], >L % sf] ;/sf/
gfdsf ;a} ;fOgaf]8{x? x6fpg], :yfgLo txaf6 hg;d'bfon] z'? u/]sf] u0ftGqsf]
3f]if0ff ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u / k|f]T;fxg ug]{, zfxL ;QfnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf
s/, dxz'n gltg{ hg;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ / ;fdGtL tTjnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ bnfnx?sf
lj?4 hgsfjf{xL ug]{, hgd'lQm ;]gfåf/f /fhdfu{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg]Ú
/x]sf 5g\ .

rf/ lbg] cfd
x8tfn kl5 s] < eGg] lh1f;f pl7/x]sf] cj:yfdf nIo k|flKt geP;Dd cfGbf]ng g/f]lsg]
/ x8tfn hf/L /xg] ;ft bn–dfcf]jfbLsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 cfGbf]ngsf/Ldf yk pT;fx ylkPsf]
5 . cfGbf]ngsf] bfo/f / o;df hgtfsf] ;xeflutfsf] dfqf cem a9]/ uPsf] 5 .

hgtfsf] ;Dk"0f{ tx /
tKsfsf] ;dy{g

r}q ^ ut] ;ft ;+;bjfbL bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr bf];|f]
;dembf/L ;fj{hlgs eof], ;f/f b]z / hgtfsf] Wofg clGtd / lg0ff{os ;+3if{tkm{ ;f]lemof]
. clg, cfqmf]lzt / kl/jt{gsfdL nfvf}+ hgtf r}q @$–@& sf] ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL
eP . /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{ o'jf ljBfyL{x?df dfq cfGbf]ng ;Lldt ePg, hgtfsf x/]s
tx / tKsfdf emf+luof] . 8fS6/, k|fWofks, jlsn, ;+rf/sdL{, a'l4hLjL, gful/s ;dfhsf
k|j'4 cu'jfx?, dhb'/, ls;fg, u[lx0fL ;a} g} cfGbf]ngdf Psfsf/ ePsf 5g\ . cem
zfxL ;/sf/sf sd{rf/Lx? / Pstfsf zfxL …s"Ú sf] kIfdf pleg] pBf]u Joj;foLx? klg
cfGbf]ngsf] nfddf pleg cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . ha bn dfcf]jfbLaLr ;+ljwfg–;efdfkm{t\
b]zsf] eljio lgwf{/0f ug{] ;xdlt aGof] ta ;fdfGo cfGbf]ng dfq /x]g, of] o'ufGtsf/L
hgfGbf]ng aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

zfxL ;Qfsf] sºo{' /
lgif]wf1fsf] cj1f

lgxTyf hgtfdfly
skm\{o' / lgif]wf1fsf] qf; b]vfP/ zf;g ug{] ;fdGtL / k|ltlqmofjfbL zfxL zf;sx?sf
skm\{o' / lgif]wf1fnfO{ o;k6s hgtfn] g/fd|f];“u lvNnL p8fOlbPsf 5g\ . lbp“;}
!@÷!# 306fsf] skm\{o' nufP/ cft+s l;h{gf ug{ vf]Hg] 1fg]Gb|, sdn / Kof/h+ux?sf]
k|of; c;kmn ePsf] 5 . sdn yfkf cl3Nnf] lbg skmo{' skmo{' h:t} u/L nufpg] Wjf+z
lbG5g\ ef]lnkN6 ljxfg cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? emg\ b[9 / cfGbf]lnt eP/ df]rf{df le8\g
yfN5g\ . zfxL ;Qfn] …dfcf]jfbLn] uf]nL k|xf/ u/]sf]Ú, …uf]nLsf] vf]sf e]6]sf]Ú,
…gof“ cg'xf/x? b]v]sf]Ú h:tf axfgfx?sf] vf]hL ub{} cfGbf]ngnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf
bdg ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . l;len 8«];df af“s]sf] sf]xnk'/ ahf/df ePsf] hgk|bz{gdf
bh{gf}+ zfxL ;]gf emf]nf / vNtLdf lu|g]8 xfn]/ k|j]z u/]sf lyP . ltgLx?nfO{ ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] g]kfnu~h sfof{nosf k|d'v P08«" u|]u/sf]
6f]nLn] km]nf kf/]kl5 zfxL ;Qfsf] u+eL/ if8oGqsf] k6fIf]k ePsf] 5 . zfxL ;Qfn]
o;aLrdf ;+;bjfbL bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ km'6fpg], unt ckmjfx km}nfpg] sfdx? klg u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 .

To;}u/L zfxL ;Qfn] cfkm\gf]
clGtd / ;a}eGbf alnof] zlQm zfxL ;]gfnfO{ aVt/aGb uf8Lx?;lxt ;8sdf ptf/]sf] 5 .
t/ klg zfxL ;Qfsf ef6sf 6§'x?sf cufl8 cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? …;S5;\ eg] 5ftLdf uf]nL xfg\Ú
eGb} 5ftL vf]n]/ cufl8 a9]sf 5g\ . zfxL e/f}6]x?n] ;f/f dfgljotfnfO{ wf]tL
nufp“b} uf]nL xfgL dfg{], /j/sf / Knfli6ssf uf]nL xfgL uDeL/ 3fOt] agfpg], nf7L
k|xf/ u/L 6fpsf] km'6fpg], xft–v'§f ef“Rg], 3/3/ k;]/ s]6fs]6L, a[4a[4f la/fdLdfly
s'6lk6 ug{], a6'jf, s]6fs]6Ldfly cGwfw'Gw nf7L, c>'Uof“; / uf]nL k|xf/ ug{], ;dfrf/
;+sng ug{ uPsf ;+rf/sdL{nfO{ lg3f{t s'6lk6 ug{] h:tf 3f]/ cdfgjLo / dWoo'uLg aa{/tf
k|bz{g ul//x]sf 5g\ .

cfGbf]ngdf zxfbt, 3fOt]
tyf lu/km\tf/

zfxL e/f}6]x?sf] uf]nL
k|xf/af6 clxn];Dd rf/ hgfn] zxfbt k|fKt ul/;s]ssf 5g\ . kf]v/fdf eLd;]g bfxfn,
;Kt/Ldf bz{gnfn ofbj, lrtjgdf t'n;L If]qL / sfe|]df lzjxl/ s'“j/ u/L rf/ hgfn]
hgfcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf /ut aufPsf 5g\ .

cfGbf]ngs} qmddf ;of}+
uDeL/ 3fOt] tyf xhf/f}+ 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . sof}+ cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf 6fpsf] km'6fOPsf
5g\ . s]xL cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ zfxL ;'/fIffsdL{n] a]xf];\ x'g]u/L ;8sdf 9fn]kl5 nf;
l3;f/]h:t} l3;f/]/ 6«sdf vf“b]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngs} qmddf b]zsf k|ltli7t 8fS6/,
jlns, kqsf/nufot xhf/f}+ cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ zfxL ;Qfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L y'lg/x]sf] 5
.

@)$^ ;fnsf] emNsf]

r}q @$ ut]b]lv z'? ePsf]
cfd x8tfn / hgk|bz{gn] )$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] ememNsf] lbPsf] 5 .
)$^ ;fnem}+ o;kfln klg cfGbf]ngsf] cu|efudf sLlt{k'/ / kf6g b]vf k/] / Tof] kl5
kl5 /fhwfgL / l;Ëf] b]z nfda4 ePsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] z'?jftd} ;f/f sLlt{k'/jf;L
;8sdf cf]ln{P, zfxL e/f}6]x?nfO{ v]b] / sLlt{k'/nfO{ nf]stflGqs d'Qm If]q
3f]if0ff u/] . sLlt{k'/jf;Lsf] hgkvf{nnfO{ zfxL ;Qfsf k'ln; / b¨f t s] zfxL ;]gfsf
aVt/aGb uf8Ln] klg eTsfpg ;s]g . To;}u/L )$^ ;fnem}+ nlntk'/jf;Ln] kf6g 9f]sfsf
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf s]xL sfof{no hnfP, k'/fgf] ;Qfsf e/f}6]x?nfO{ v]b] / kf6gnfO{ klg
d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff u/] . )$^ ;fndf kf6gjf;Ln] k'ln;nfO{ v]b\b}, af6fx?df vfN8f
vg]/ k'ln;x?nfO{ cfpg g;Sg] u/L z'? ePsf] cfGbf]ngn] cGttM k~rfot ºof“s]sf] lyof]
. lj:tf/} )^@ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf To:t} tl/sfx? ckgfpg yflnPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/Ln]
pkTosfsf nueu ;a}h;f] efux? sn+sL, ;fdfv'zL, uf]+ua', rfjlxn, tLgs'g], afuahf/,
afª\u]d'9f, aNv', 3§] s'nf] nufotsf 7fp“x?df, 7"nf d'8f, 9'Ëfx? y'kf/]/ af6f] cj/f]w
u/]sf 5g\ . zfxL e/f}6]x?nfO{ v]b\b} 306f}+ 306f To; 7fp“nfO{ sAhf u/]sf 5g\ .

zfxL ;Qf ltlNdnfof]

rf/ lbg] cfd x8tfn /
To;kl5 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] clglZrtsfnLg x8\tfn tyf k|bz{gn] zfxL ;Qf ltlNdnfpg
yfn]sf] 5 . lbglbg} !@÷!# 306f;Dd lbp“;} sºo{' nufP/ tyf lgz]wf1f hf/L ubf{ klg
cfGbf]ng dTy/ x'g] 5f“6sf“6 gb]v]kl5 zfxL ;Qfn] …;+s6sfnÚ nufpg wDsL lbg yfn]sf]
5 . zfxL ;Qfdfly 7"nf] ;+s6 cfPkl5 sdn yfkfx?sf lbdfu v':s]h:t} ePsf] 5 / pgL
cG6;G6 af]Ng yfn]sf 5g\ . ;8sdf cf]ln{Psf] hg;fu/n] skmo{'sf] cj1f ul//x]sf 5g\,
Tof] hg;fu/ ;+s6sfnsf] wDsLn] 8/fpg] 5}gg\ eGg] a'em]/ xf]nf ;fob zfxL ;Qfn]
;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff ul/xfn]sf] eg] 5}g .

l;Ëf] ;~rf/hut ha
cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf pleof], zfxL ;Qf ;+rf/ hutk|lt c;lxi0f' aGg yfn]sf] 5 .
l/kf]l6{ªdf uPsf ;+rf/sdL{nfO{ lg3f{t s'6lk6 u/]/ 3fOt] agfpg], xftv'§f ef“lrlbg],
lu/km\tf/ ug{], skmo{' kf; pknAw gu/fpg], ;rf/sdL{sf ;+rf/ ;fdu|L n'6\g] h:tf
lqmofsnfknfO{ tLj|tf lbPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] jf:tljstf aflx/ gcfcf];\ /
cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly zfxL ;Qfn] u/]sf] HofbtLaf/] hgtf ;"lrt gxf]pg eGg] p2]Zon] klg
zfxL ;Qf ;+s6sfn nufpg] k|oTgdf h'6]sf] k|i6 5 .

…/f]d hln/x]5, lg/f] af“;'/L
ahfO/x]5Ú

l;Ëf] b]z
cfGbf]ngn] tft]sf] 5, /fhwfgL nufot ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn c:tJo:t ePsf] 5 . t/ ;fdGtL
gfOs] 1fg]Gb| zfxL dfgf}+ b]zdf s]xL ePsf] 5}g em}+ h:tf] u/]/ kf]v/fdf d:t 5g\
. k|To]s clzi6 tfgfzfxsf] k|ltlqmof pk]Iffefj x'g] ub{5 eGg] ;RrfOnfO{ 1fg]Gb|n]
lz/f]wfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf] ;Dk"0f{ tx / tKsf ;8sdf cf]ln{Psf 5g\ . 5ftL vf]n]/
d[To;“u kf}7]hf]/L v]Nb} kl/jt{gsf nflu /ut aufpg tof/ eP/ nfvf}+ dflg;x? zfxL
e/f}6];“u lel8/x]sf 5g\ . ;8sdf cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf 5ftLdf uf]nL bfluPsf] 5, 3/sf]
5taf6 lrofpg] u[x0fLsf] xTof ePsf] 5, ;of}+sf 6fpsf km'6]/ ;8s /utfDd] ePsf 5g\
. clg ToxL /utdf 6]Sb} clzi6 /fhf lbjfef]h …Ho"gf/Ú ul//x]sf 5g\ . kf]v/fdf
cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? kl/jt{gsf nflu /ut aufp“b} lyP, 1fg]Gb| eg] ltgLx?nfO{ ;}lgs nufP/
k]Nb} / ef]h vfg hgtfsf /utn] ;8sdf …/f]N; /f]o;Ú sf/df ;o/ ub}{ lyP .

l;Ëf] b]z hln/x]sf]
5 / pgL o;/L al;/x]sf 5g\, dfgf}+ htftt} zflGt 5, pgL slxn] hf]uLx?sf] ;Dd]ng pb\3f6g
ub{} zflGtsf] ufoqL dGq e§ofp“b} x'G5g, slxn] l5lNnb} c6f]u|fkm af“l8/x]sf
x'G5g\ .

;+o'Qm df]rf{, ;+o'Qm
sfo{qmd / ;femf gf/fsf] cfjZostf

bn–dfcf]jfbLaLr
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;dembf/L ePkl5 h;/L l;Ëf] b]z / hgtf cfGbf]lnt ePsf 5g\ . ;+o'Qm
df]rf{, ;+o'Qm sfo{qmd / ;femf gf/fsf] cefjdf cfGbf]ng st} nIo;Dd gk'Ug] xf] ls
eGg] cfz+sf klg JofKt 5 . To;}u/L ;+ljwfg–;ef;Dd k'Ug s]xL ;+;bLo g]tfx?sf]
pko{'Qm af6f] rog ug{ u/]sf] lxlRsrfx6n] klg cfGbf]ngsf/Ldf b'ljwf Nofpg;S5 .
hgtfn] h;/L u0ftGqeGbf d'lg gf/f nufpg 5f]8]sf 5g\, cfGbf]ngsf/Ldf h;/L /fhtGqsf]
;d"n gi6sf] k|an rfxgf 5, To;}n] bnx?sf] …;]/f]df]lgon lsªÚ jf …k"0f{ k|hftGqÚ
jf …;+;b k'g:yf{kgfÚ h:tf jf;L gf/fx?n] cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] hf]znfO{ lzlyn agfpg ;S5
. ;+;bjfbL bnx?n] hgtfsf] rfxgfsf] sb/ ug{'k5{, ;dosf] k|jfxnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{'kb{5
/ cfGbf]ngsf] gf/f, sfo{qmd :ki6 ul/g'k5{ . :ki6 gf/f / sfo{qmd ljgf cfGbf]ngn]
nIo xfl;n ug{ ;Sb}g .

if8\oGq / xflgsf/s ;Demf}tfsf
lj?4 va/bf/L

cfGbf]ng cufl8
a9b} hf“bf To;nfO{ lzlyn kfb{} t'xfpg jf xflgsf/s ;Demf}tf u/fpg if8oGqx?
x'g;S5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] o;tkm{ klg Wofg lbg h?/L 5 . zfxL ;Qfsf lj?4 O+6f /
9'Ëf p7fO/x“bf cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf kf6L{x? / To;sf g]tfx?nfO{ va/bf/L
klg ul//xg'k5{ . g]t[TjnfO{ of] x]Ssf x'g'kb{5 ls zfxL e/f}6]x?nfO{ xfg]sf] 9'¨f
k5fl8kl§ klg kms{g ;S5 . )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng pTsif{df a9\b} hf“bf tTsfnLg
g]t[Tjn] u/]sf] ;Demf}tfsf] b'Zkl/0ffd cfh ToxL g]t[Tj / ;f/f g]kfnL hgtfn]
ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . )$^ ;fndf cfGbf]ngsf/lsf] 6fpsf]df lu/ v]Ng] d08n] gfOs] sdn
yfkfx? cfh km]l/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] 6fpsf]df a'6 ahfb{}5g\, g]kfnL hgtfsf] 6fpsf]
kmf]b{}5g\ / cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tjk|lt lxnf] 5\oflk/x]sf 5g\ . of] ;a}sf] d"n sf/0f
)$^ ;fndf cfGbf]ngsf] l:kl/6 ljk/Lt ePsf]n] ca km]l/ To;f] x'g glbg cfGbf]ngnfO{
if8\oGq / xflgsf/s ;Demf}tfaf6 hf]ufp“b} cufl8 a9fpg h?/L 5 .

aS;

dfcf]jfbLåf/f
cfd /fhg}lts x8tfnnfO{ ;dy{g

/fhdfu{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /flvg]

sf7df8f}+÷g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
/ ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L
hgkl/ifb, g]kfnn]
;ft bnåf/f 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] clglZrtsfnLg /fhgLlts x8tfnnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdsf ?kdf
;d]t 3f]if0ff ub}{ To;nfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;+3if{sf ljleGg 7f]; sfo{qmdx? ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf 5g\ .

dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIF s=k|r08
/ hgkl/ifb\sf ;+of]hs afa'/fd e§/fO{åf/f r}q @& ut] hf/L Ps ;+o'Qm jQmJodfkm{t\
3f]if0ff ul/Psf tL sfo{qmdx?df …cfd
/fhg}lts x8\tfnsf] ;kmntfsf nflu zfxL ;Qfsf ;a} k|sf/sf bdg, lgif]wf1f / skm{\o'x?nfO{
t]f8\b} Jofks hgk|bz{g ug]{, lg/+s'z ;fdGtL ;Qfsf k|ltssf ?kdf /x]sf /fhf, dxf/fhfx?sf
zflnsx? b]zel/af6 x6fpg], >L % sf] ;/sf/ gfdsf ;a} ;fOgaf]8{x? x6fpg], :yfgLo
txaf6 hg;d'bfon] z'? u/]sf] u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u /
k|f]T;fxg ug]{, zfxL ;QfnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf s/, dxz'n gltg{ hg;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng
ug]{ / ;fdGtL tTjnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ bnfnx?sf lj?4 hgsfjf{xL ug]{, hgd'lQm ;]gfåf/f
/fhdfu{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg]Ú /x]sf 5g\ .

;f] jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7–

!_ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / ;ft ;+;bLo /fhg}lts bnx?sf
aLrdf ;DkGg bf];|f] ;dembf/L cg';f/ 3f]lift r}q @$ b]lv @& ut];Ddsf] cfd /fhg}lts
x8tfn ;fdGtL lg/+s'z zfxL ;Qfsf dWoo'uLg bdg, lgif]wf1f / skm\o"{ cfb]zx?nfO{
lrb}{ /fhwfgLnufot b]zJofkL ?kdf ;a} tx / tKsfsf hg;d'bfosf] ckf/ ;xeflutf;lxt
P]ltxfl;s ?kn] ;kmn ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ of] cfd /fhg}lts x8\tfn ;kmn t'Nofpg
zfxL kmf;Ljfbsf lj?4 zflGtk"0f{ / ;z:q k|lt/f]wsf qmddf jlnbfg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
of]4fx?nfO{ ;lxb 3f]if0ff ub}{ efjk"0f{ >4f~hln ck{0f ub{5 . 3fOt]x?sf] zL3| :jf:Yonfe
/ aGbLx?sf] zL3| d'lQmsf] sfdgf ub}{ xfd|f] kf6L{ of] cfd /fhg}lts x8tfnsf] ;kmntfsf
nflu zfxL ;Qfsf ;a} k|sf/sf bdg, lgif]wf1f, skm\o"{nfO{ tf]8\b} hgk|bz{g ;kmn
t'Nofpg ;xof]u, ;dy{g / ;xeflutf k|bz{g ug]{ b]zleq / aflx/sf ;a} /fhg}lts zlQm
/ cfd hg;d'bfok|lt xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ efjL lbgdf ;d]t To;k|sf/sf] lg/Gt/ ;xof]usf]
ck]Iff ub{5 .

@_ cfh b]zsf ;a} ju{, hflt, If]q / ln+usf hg;d'bfox?, ;fdGtL
lg/+s'z /fhtGqaf6 ;bfsf nflu d'Qm x'g h'd{/fP/ pl7/x]sf 5g\ . lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4
;+ljwfg–;efdfkm{t\ nf]stGq / zflGtsf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{ l;+uf] b]z Psdt ePsf] 5
. Oltxf;sf] of] lg0ff{os / ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf xfd|f] kf6L{ ;+ljwfg–;efdfkm{t\
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{ tfTsflns P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfk|ltsf] lgi7f / ulx/f]
lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy ;ft ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfh;“u ;d'lrt tfnd]n / ;dembf/L
sfod ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 / al9/xg k|lta4 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df b]zJofkL ?kdf ;kmntfk"j{s
pef/lt/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] cfd /fhg}lts x8tfnnfO{ lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo gx'“bf;Dd
hf/L /fVg] ;ft /fhg}lts bnx?sf] lg0f{ox?nfO{ hf]8bf/ ;dy{g ub}{ xfd|f] kf6L{n]
cfd /fhg}lts x8tfnnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdsf ?kdf ;d]t 3f]if0ff ub{5 . To;nfO{ ;kmn
t'Nofpg lgDg 7f]; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ 7]ufg u/]sf] 5 .

s_ cfd /fhg}lts x8tfnsf] ;kmntfsf nflu zfxL ;Qfsf ;a}
k|sf/sf bdg, lgif]wf1f / skm{o'x?nfO{ t]f8\b} Jofks hgk|bz{g ug]{,

v_ lg/+s'z ;fdGtL ;Qfsf k|ltssf ?kdf /x]sf /fhf, dxf/fhfx?sf
zflnsx? b]zel/af6 x6fpg],

u_ >L % sf] ;/sf/ gfdsf ;a} ;fOgaf]8{x? x6fpg],

3_ :yfgLo txaf6 hg;d'bfon] z'? u/]sf] u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff
ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u / k|f]T;fxg ug]{,

ª_ zfxL ;QfnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf s/, dxz'n gltg{
hg;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ / ;fdGtL tTjnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ bnfnx?sf lj?4 hgsfjf{xL
ug]{,

r_ hgd'lQm ;]gfåf/f /fhdfu{x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg]

#_ pk/f]Qm sfo{qmdsf ;fy} :yfgLo :t/df ;ft /fhg}lts bn,
gful/s ;dfh;+u ;+ej eP;Dd ldn]/ / cfjZostf cg';f/ :jtGq?kdf ;d]t hgkl/rfng, ;ef,
k|bz{g cflb ul/g] 5g\ . ljleGg hgjuL{o df]rf{x?n] ;d]t ;+o'Qm / :jtGq?kdf
sfo{qmdx? cufl8 a9fpg] 5g\ .

$_ ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo / ;+ljwfg–;efdfkm{t
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsf] ;do glhs cfO;s]sf] 5 . of] clGtd cj:yfdf hgtfsf
lj?4 x'g;Sg] ;a} k|sf/sf if8\oGq / xflgsf/s ;+emf}tfsf lj?4 ;ts{ /x“+b}
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg xfd|f] kf6L{ b]zleq / aflx/sf ;a} hgkIfLo zlQm / cfd
hg;d'bfo;“u k'gM hf]8bf/ clkn ub{5 .

aS;

hgcfGbf]ng )^@ sf emnsx?

r}q @$

) hgcfGbf]ng z'? . b]ze/sf
hgtf :jtM:km"t{ ;8sdf .

) ;Kt/Lsf] /fhlj/fhdf k|x/Ln]
u/]sf] nf7L rfh{af6 %) jifL{o bz{gnfn ofbjsf] d[To' .

) a'6jndf cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f
dx]Gb|sf] zflns gfdf]lgzfgf g/xg] u/L Wj:t .

) kf6gsf] ;'Gwf/fdf
lg:s]sf] h'n';åf/f k|x/LnfO{ v]lbP . :yfgLojf;Låf/f d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ dfu .

) sLlt{k'/, ljZjljBfnosf
ljBfyL{ / :yfgLojf;Lsf] sAhfdf . zfxL ;'/IffsdL{sf] lgoGq0f k|of; c;kmn .

r}q @%

) cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f sLlt{k'/nfO{
d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff . tLg u'Ktr/ k|x/LnfO{ ;dft]/ lk6\b} ahf/ kl/qmdf .

) hgcfGbf]ngsf] bf];|f]
lbg /fhwfgLdf lbge/ k|bz{g . sLlt{k'/, kf6g, sn+sL / eQmk'/sf s]xL If]q
cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f lbge/ sAhf .

) cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL sd{rf/L,
lrlsT;s / k]zfsdL{sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof zfxL ;Qfsf] bdgdf 3fOt] .

r}q @^ ut]

) zfxL ;Qfåf/f lbp“;}
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] skm{o' / lgz]wf1fsf] cj1f ub{} /fhwfgL / b]zsf k|d'v zx/x?df
eJo hgk|bz{gx? .

) kf]v/fdf zfxL ;]gfåf/f
uf]nL xfgL eLd;]g bfxfnsf] xTof .

) kf]v/fdf cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f
1fg]Gb|sf] ;jf/L cj?4 . cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly xjfO kmfo/ / c>'Uof“; k|xf/ u/L bdg .

) lrtjgsf] e/tk'/df k|x/Låf/f
u/]sf] uf]nL k|xf/af6 tLg dlxnf 3fOt] . cfGbf]ngsf/Låf/f lrtjgnfO{ u0ftflGqs
If]q 3f]if0ff .

) wgu9Ldf h'n';leq hah:tL
aVt/aGb uf8L 3';fP/ cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly bdg . wgu9Lsf] h'n'; clxn];Ddsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] . alb{of, g]kfnu~h, bfªdf klg ljzfn k|bz{g .

) dfgjclwsf/jfbLåf/f dxf/fhu~hdf
skmo{'sf] cj1f . dfgj clwsf/sdL{ kß/Tg t'nfw/, bdggfy 9'+ufgf nufot bh{gf}+ dfgj
clwsf/sdL{, gful/s ;dfh ;b:o, lrlsT;s lu/km\tf/ .

r}q @&

) ;ft bnåf/f x8\tfn
clglZrtsfnLg sfn;Ddsf nflu lj:tf/sf] 3f]if0ff . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ To;nfO{ cfkm\g}
sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf ;dy{g . To;nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ 5 a'“b] 7f]; sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs .

) b]zJofkL skmo{' /
lgz]wf1fsf] cj1f . ;f“em dzfn h'n'; / Anfs cfp6 .

) zfxL ;Qfåf/f sfe|]sf]
jg]kfdf lzjxl/ s'“j/sf] xTof . bnåf/f ;lxb 3f]if0ff . To;}u/L r}q @^ ut] lrtjgsf]
e/tk'/df k|x/Låf/f uf]nL xfgL 3fOt] agfOPsL t'n;L If]qLsf] d[To' .

) /fhwfgLsf sof}+ :yfgdf
k|bz{g . ;]gf k|x/Låf/f 3/–3/ k;]/ s'6lk6 tyf lu/km\tf/L . /fhwfgLsf 3§]s'nf],
sfnf]k'n, uf]+uj', r'Rr]kf6L, sLlt{k'/, kf6g, sn+sL, ;f]x|v'§], eQmk'/, l7dL,
sf}zn6f/ nufotsf :yfgdf k|bz{g .

) pkTosf aflx/ lrtjg,
kf]v/f, bfª, lj/f6gu/, g]kfnu~h, alb{of, wgu9L, dx]Gb|gu/nufotsf 7fp“x?df k|bz{g
. kj{tsf] s'Zdfdf bf]xf]/f] z+v ahfp“b} ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L 1fg]Gb|sf] k'Tnf bxg .
hgsk'/df ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx? klg ;+nUg . :yfgLo lgsfosf sd{rf/Låf/f
cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g] 3f]if0ff .

) a'6jndf ?kGb]xLsf g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;efklt 8Lcf/ l3ld/];lxt !* kqsf/ kqmfp .

r}q @*

) b]zJofkL cfGbf]ng hf/L
. zfxL ;Qfåf/f yf]kl/Psf] sºo{' / lgz]wf1fsf] b]zJofkL cj1f .

) b]zJofkL ?kdf u0ftGq
If]q 3f]if0ffdf tLj|tf . …>L % sf] ;/sf/Ú n]lvPsf af]8{x? x6fP/ g]kfn ;/sf/ n]Vg]
qmd tLj| .

) kf]v/fdf k[YjLgf/fo0f
SofDk;af6 lg:s]sf] k|fWofks, lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] eJo h'n';df zfxL ;'/IffsdL{åf/f
x:tIf]k, bh{gf}+ lu/km\tf/ . a'6jn, df]/ª, dxf]Q/L, pbok'/, emfkfsf sf+s8le§f /
ljtf{df]8, tfKn]h'ª, w/fg, hgsk'/, bf]nvf, dGynL, ;'v{]t, wgu9L, 88]Nw'/f, u'NdL
nufotdf eJo k|bz{gx? . ;'v]{tsf] h'n'; Oltxf;s} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] .

) b]zJofkL ?kdf kqsf/åf/f
lj/f]w k|bz{g . ;~rf/u|fddf wgf{ tyf gf/fjfhL .

) x]6f}+8fsf k|fWofksx?åf/f
hgcfGbf]ngdf 3fOt] x'g] cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] pkrf/sf nflu cIfo sf]if :yfkgf . tgx'“sf
pBf]u Joj;foLåf/f cfGbf]ngsf/L 8]/fjfnfnfO{ cfGbf]ng cjlwe/sf] ef8f ldgfxf ug{]
3f]if0ff .

kf]v/fdf klg cfGbf]ng
rls{of] ÷ u0ftGq k|fKt geP;Dd cfGbf]ng g/f]lsg]

) ;+uLtf v8\sf÷kf]v/f

nf]stGq k|flKtsf] lglDt
rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngn] kf]v/fdf klg j[xt ?k ln+b} uPsf] 5 . k"j{3f]lift sfo{qmd
r}q @$ b]lv @& ;Ddsf] cfd /fhgLlts x8tfnsf] cjlwdf gf/f, h'n'; / ;ef ug{ ;d]t
k|ltaGw nufPkl5 hgtfx? ;8sdf plqPsf x'g\ . cfd /fhgLlts x8tfnsf] klxnf] / bf];|f]
lbg ;fdfGo ?kdf lgl:sPsf h'n';x?dfly ;d]t bdg ul/Pkl5 @^ ut]b]lvsf] cfGbf]ngn]
pRr ?k ln+b} usf] xf] .

zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf lgl:sPsf]
h'n';dfly k|x/L / ;]gfn] bdg u/]kl5 @^ ut]sf] h'n'; cfqmf]lzt x'“b} cufl8 al9/x]sf]
lyof] . To;}qmddf g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] ejgsf] rf/ tnfdfly /x]sf zfxL hNnfb ;]gfn]
;8sdf /x]sf cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly cGwfw'Gwf uf]nL k|xf/ ubf{ sfe|] 3/ ePsf eLd;]g
bfxfnnfO{ 6fpsf]df uf]nL nfu]kl5 tTsfn} d[To' eof] eg] cGo tLg hgf cfGbf]ngsf/L
klg 3fOt] ePsf lyP . ;8sdf /x]sf cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ rf/ tnfdfly /x]sf] zfxL ;]gfn]
cfkm\gf] ;}Go pGdfb b]vfp“b} uf]nL k|xf/ u/]kl5 ;8s emg\ tft]sf] lyof] . o;kl5
hgtf cfqmf]lzt x'“b} 3/3/af6 s]6fs]6L, a'9fa'9L, o'jf, dlxnf ;a} cfGbf]ngdf
pq]sf lyP . cfqmf]lzt hgtfn] 7fp“7fp“df k|x/Lx?nfO{ nv]6]sf lyP . kf]v/f pkgu/kflnsfsf]
ejg ;d]t tf]8kmf]8 ub{} hnfOlbPsf lyP . To;}u/L 7fp“7fp“sf j8f k|x/L sfof{no
tf]8kmf]8 ug{'sf] ;fy} k|x/L lj6x? ;d]t hnfO lbPsf lyP .

zfxL ;Qflj?4 cfqmf]z
kf]Vg kf]v/fdf @^ ut] 7fp“7fp“df u/L Ps nfveGbf a9L hgtf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . pQm
lbgsf] cfGbf]ngn] /fhtGqk|lt hgtfsf] cfqmf]znfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] lyof] . nf]stGq
k|fKt geP;Dd cfGbf]ng g/f]lsg] ;+sNk cfd hgtfn] ub{} 3/3/af6 cfGbf]ngdf
lgl:sPkl5 cQflnPsf] zfxL ;Qfn] r}q @& ut]b]lv kf]v/fdf klg sÎo{'sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
lyof] . sf7df8f}+nufot cGo zx/x?df h:t} kf]v/fdf klg @& ut]b]lv nufOPsf]
skmo{'nfO{ hgtfn] uf]nL yfKg tof/ x'“b} sÎo{'sf] cjlwdf bzf}+ xhf/sf] k|bz{g u/]
. slyt sÎo{'sf] cjlwdf k|x/L / cfGbf]ngsf/LaLr 7fp“–7fp“df em8kx? eP . r}q @& ut]
klg kf]v/fsf] Go"/f]8, xNngrf]snufot cGo 7fp“df zfxL hNnfb ;]gfåf/f uf]nL rnfOof]
. To;qmddf xNngrf]sdf b'O{hgf k|bz{gsf/L 3fOt] ePsf lyP .

To;}u/L lxhf] klg zfxL ;Qfn]
nufOPsf] sÎo{'nfO{ tf]8\b} kf]v/fdf xhf/f}+sf] h'n'; lgl:sof] . cGo lbgdf em}+
k|x/L cfGbf]ngsf/LaLr 7fp“–7fp“df em8kx? eP . cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ ltt/ljt/ kfg{
zfxL hNnfbx?n] c>'Uof“; / uf]nLx? k|xf/ ubf{ klg cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? cl3 a9L g} /x]sf
lyP . lxhf] klg u}/fkf6gdf zfxL ;]gfn] rnfPsf] uf]nLaf6 Ps k|bz{gsf/L 3fOt] ePsf
5g\ . hgtfsf] cfqmf]zaf6 cft+lst ePsf zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Lx?n] kf]v/fsf] dfem]kf6g,
n]s;fO8nufotdf 3/–3/df k;L eft vfO/x]sfb]lv ;'lt/x]sfnfO{ lk6]sf lyP . zfxL
hNnfbx?sf] pQm lgs[i6 sfo{af6 To; If]qsf hgtf emg cfqmf]lzt x'“b} Hofbltsf lj?4
h'n'; lgsfn]sf lyP .

kf]v|]nL hgtfn] dfq geO
kf]v/f cf;kf;sf ufp“x? ;flAbvf]nf, k'/~rf]/, cg{nf, xnfg, x+;k'/, b]p/fnL, jfd],
nfb's, 3ft's, nfdfrf}/, x\ofªhf, k'DbLe'GbLnufot ufp“x?af6 ;d]t bzf}+ xhf/fsf]
h'n'; kf]v/fdf cfPsf] lyof] . lxhf];Dd zfxL ;Qfsf] lj/f]w ug{ 8/fpg] hgtfn] clxn]
cfkm\gf] cfqmf]z ;8sdf kf]vL /fhtGqsf] cGTo gu/L cfGbf]ngaf6 gkms{g] k|0f ul//x]sf
5g\ . ca u0ftGq gNofO g5f8\g] k|lta4tf ul//x]sf 5g\ . 1fg]Gb| zfxL ljut Ps, 8]9
dlxgfb]lv kf]v/fd} g} clwsf+z ;do a:b} cfPsf]df hgtf emg\ cfqmf]lzt 5g\ . To;}sf]
cleJolQm :j?k r}q @^ ut] jL/u~haf6 kms{+bf af6f] lSno/ ug{ zfxL ;]gfnfO{ xDd]–xDd]
k/]sf] lyof] .

clxn] kf]v/fsf] ;8sdf
ljBfyL{, s] lzIfs, s] a'l4hLjL, :jf:YosdL{b]lv ko{6g Joj;foL, pBf]uL Joj;foL
;a}–;a} cfGbf]ngdf pq]sf 5g\ . casf lbgdf cfGbf]ng dTy/ x'g]eGbf emg\ a[xt x'“b}
hfg] lglZrt 5 .

dx]Gb| k'nsf] ;§f ;lxb
eLd;]g rf]s

kf]v/fsf] rlr{t 7fp“ dWo]sf] dx]Gb| k'ndf k|bz{gsf/Ldfly
uf]nL xfgL eLd;]g bfxfnnfO{ xTof u/]kl5 cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] pQm If]qnfO{ ;lxb
eLd;]g rf]s gfdfs/0f u/]sf 5g\ . Pdfn] ;dy{s sfe|] lgjf;L bfxfn n]s;fO8l:yt
cfgGb xf]6ndf ;fOj/ Sofkm] rnfpg] ub{y] . pgnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf:sL lhNnf
;]qm]6/L s=s/0f / ;ft bnsf g]tfx?n] 5'§5'§} lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L ;lxb 3f]if0ff u/]sf
5g\ .

nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf]
kIfdf ef/tdf k|bz{g

gof“ lbNnL÷g]kfndf
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] P]Soa4tfdf r}q @& ut] ef/tsf rf/
dxfgu/x? lbNnL, sf]nsftf, d'DaO{ tyf r]GgO{df xhf/f}+ k|jf;L g]kfnL tyf g]kfnsf]
u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf ;dy{s ef/tLo hgtfn] k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ .

gof“ lbNnLsf] /fdlnnf
d}bfgdf 1fg]Gb|sf] k'Tnf af]s]/ /fhtGq d'bf{jfb / u0ftGq lhGbfjfbsf] gf/f nufp“b}
k|bz{gsf/Lx? /fdlnnf d}bfg kl/qmdf u/]kl5 cfd;ef ul/Psf] lyof] . b]zleq
cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] sºo{' tf]8\b} zfxL ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ nv]6\b} cfGbf]ng pTsif{df
k'u]sf tfhf va/x? jQmfx?n] ;'gfp“bf k|jf;L g]kfnLx? h'?s–h'?s ePsf lyP . jQmfx?n]
cfjZos kbf{ ;a} gf/fo0flx6L 3]g{ hfg tof/ /xg'k5{ eGbf ;xeflux?n] tfnL lk6]/ ;dy{g
u/] .

/fhtGq lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm
nf]stflGqs df]rf{sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] pQm hgk|bz{gdf g]skf Pdfn]sf g]tfåo jfdb]j
uf}td / emngfy vgfn, hgjfbL df]rf{sf cWoIF /fd/fhfk|;fb l;+x, jl/i7 jfd kqsf/
zlQm nD;fn, kqsf/ z}n]z cfrfo{, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf ljZjgfy zfxnufotsf jQmfx?n]
cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

To;}u/L ef/tLo dfS;{jfbL
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf jl/i7 kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o ;Ltf/fd o]+r'/L, jfd j'l4hLjL cfgGb:j?k
jdf{, ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ dWok|b]zsf] tkm{af6 /ljGb|, Oº6' lbNnL k|b]zsf] tkm{af6
8f=ck0ff{nufotn] klg cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVb} ef/t ;/sf/n] ln+b} cfPsf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq
/ jx'bnLo k|hftGqsf] å}w rl/qsf] aofgafhL Tofu]/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :ki6 gLlt
lng kg{]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

sfo{qmd g]kfnL
hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt, ef/tsf cWoIf nId0f kGtn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdf snfsf/x?n] ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmdx? klg k|:t't u/]sf lyP .

To;}u/L d'DaO{df klg ;f]xL lbg g]kfnL PsLs[t
hgk|bz{g ;ldlt, ck|]n (, @))^ sf] cfof]hgdf cfhfb d}bfgdf a[xt\ hgk|bz{g ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . d'DaO{;lxt dxf/fi6« cGo efu, uf]jf / u'h/fhdf a:g] ljleGg ;x/sf @)
;f}+ xhf/ nf]stGqk|]dL g]kfnL hg;d'bfo, cGo ;+3–;+:yf, kqsf/, a'l4hLjL,
dfgjclwsf/sdL{x? hgk|bz{gdf ;xeflu eO{ g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt ;lqmo
P]Soa4tf k|s6 u/] .

sfo{qmddf g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|j]z
xdfn, g]kfn /fli6|o j'l4hLjL ;u+7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj g/]z e08f/L, hg;Dks{ ;ldlt, ef/tsf
P;8L l;+x+, ;+o'Qm g]kfnL hgsNof0f ;ldlt–d'DaO{sf dxfdGqL emk6 Pn l;+x, g]kfnL
hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt, ef/tsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /Tgf dnftLnufotsf jQmfx?n] ;Daf]wg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

To:t} ef/tsf] k"jL{ zx/
sf]nsftfdf klg ;f]xL lsl;dsf] hgk|bz{g ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf hgclwsf/sf s]Gb|Lo
;Nnfxsf/ cd[t yfkf, k|jf;L g]kfnL ;+3, ef/tsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw /fdfo0f wdnf,
clvn ef/t g]kfnL k|jf;L ;+3sf s]Gb|LKo k|ltlglw d'lQm 9sfnnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ef/tsf] ;LkLcfOPdPnsf k|bLk aghL{, tyf agfnL{ d'vhL{,
o"6Lo";Lsf lbuj b]j, u0ftflGqs d+r klZrd a+ufnsf /fh;]g u'Ktf / PcfO6Lo";Lsf
;'sb]j /fdnufotn] g]kfnsf] u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soa4tf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof]
.

To;}u/L tfldngf8'sf] /fhwfgL
r]GgO{df klg bzf}+ xhf/ k|jf;L g]kfnLx?n] ;f]xL lbg ¥ofnL tyf hgk|bz{g u/]sf lyP
. k|jf; ;Djfbbftf

…xjfO{ cfqmd0fsf lj?4 eJo ljho xfl;nÚ

sf7df8f}+÷ hgo'4df o; jif{sf] r}q @$ df Pp6f gof“ sLlt{dfg v8f ePsf] 5 .
hgcfGbf]ngsf] pTsif{sf] ljz]if lbg @$ ut] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] klxnf]k6s zfxL ;]gfsf]
x]lnsf]K6/ v;fNg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf tyf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;jf]{Rr
sdf08/ s=k|r08n] o;nfO{ …b'Zdgsf] slyt xjfO{ cfqmd0fsf lj?4 eJo ljhoÚ eGg'ePsf]
5 .

r}q @$ ut] Ps k|]; jQmJo hf/L ug'{x'“b} eGg'ePsf] 5– æcfh P]ltxfl;s lbg
/ lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf] k|lqmofdf xfl;n ul/Psf] ;kmntfsf] of]
gof“ sLlt{dfgsf nflu kf6L{ tyf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf tkm{af6 d
;fdfGotM l;+uf] hg;}Go k+lQm / ljz]iftM k"jL{ sdf08 / cfqmd0fdf ;+nUg To;
cGtu{tsf] l8lehgsf ;Dk"0f{ sd/]8 / of]4fx?df xflb{s awfO{ Pj+ wGojfb 1fkg ub{5'
.Æ

pQm jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7–

æ)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng, /fhtGqsf
lj?4 pTsif{df k'u]sf] lbg cfh r}q @$ ut] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] Oltxf;df hgd'lQm
;]gfn] Ps gof“ sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] k"jL{ sdf08 cGtu{t
sfo{/t hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps l8lehgn] ;nf{xL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfddfly ;fxl;s cfqmd0f
u/L slyt l;l8cf] nufotsf ;'/Iff clwsf/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnO{ km+s{b} ubf{
xjfO{ cfqmd0fdf cfPsf] b'Zdgsf] x]lnsK6/dfly qmflGtsf/L of]4fx?åf/f Jofks
cfqmd0f ubf{ ;f] x]lnsK6/ -PdcfO–!&_ cfh ljxfg sl/a 8]9 ah] cfsf;d} cfunfuL /
ljikmf]6;lxt Wj:t ePsf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf lj?4 sfo{jfxLsf gfddf hgtfdfly
cGwfw'Gw xjfO{ cfqmd0f ub}{ cfPsf] ;f] x]lnsK6/ s]xL lbg cufl8 l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf]
7f]skf{df klg k|of]u ePsf] lyof] . laxfg slyt zfxL ;]gfsf] PrSo'df pgLx?sf]
cfkm\g} ;+rf/ ;]6af6 klxnf] l/kf]l6{Ë ubf{ slyt cft+ssf/Lx?sf] cfqmd0faf6
x]lnsK6/ Wj:t ePsf] elgPsf]df clxn] slyt zfxL ;]gfsf] dgf]an agfO /fVg] s'lT;t
dg;fon] cfqmd0fsf] 36gfnfO{ b'3{6gf agfpg] d08n] k|k~r ul/Psf] 5 . jf:tljstf of]
xf] ls hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfw'lgs / 3/]n' k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L klxnf]k6s b'Zdgsf]
slyt xjfO{ cfqmd0fsf lj?4 eJo ljho xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .

:d/0f/xf];\ lx+hf]dfq
alb{ofsf] d}gfkf]v/df xhf/f}+ hgtfsf] cfd;efdfly cfqmd0f ug{ cfPsf] x]lnsK6/nfO{
klZrd sdf08cGtu{t hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] csf]{ 6's8Låf/f cfqmd0f u/L 7"nf] Iflt;lxt
;b/d'sfddf cfsl:ds ?kn] cf]/fNg afWo kfl/Psf] lyof] . klZrd sdf08sf cg';f/ pQm
cfqmd0fkZrft\ ;f] x]lnsK6/, w'“jf k'Qfp“b} efu]sf] b]v]/ hg;d'bfon] lgs} pT;fxsf
;fy sfo{qmd ;DkGg kf/]sf lyP .

cfh P]ltxfl;s lbg / lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf]
k|lqmofdf xfl;n ul/Psf] ;kmntfsf] of] gof“ sLlt{dfgsf nflu kf6L{ tyf hgd'lQm
;]gfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf tkm{af6 d ;fdfGotM l;+uf] hg;}Go k+lQm / ljz]iftM
k"jL{ sdf08 / cfqmd0fdf ;+nUg To; cGtu{tsf] l8lehgsf ;Dk"0f{ sd/]8 / of]4fx?df
xflb{s awfO{ Pj+ wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .

lg/+s'ztGqsf n7}tdfly hgd'lQm ;]gfn] xfl;n u/]sf]
of] gof“ ljho tyf pkTosfdf nlntk'/sf hgtfn] ;of}+ k|x/LnfO{ 3]g]{ / nv]6\g]
k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9]sf] P]ltxfl;s hg–cfGbf]ng lbj; ca ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqaf6 ;bfsf
nflu d'Qm nf]stflGqs gof“ g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f gx'“bf;Dd /f]lsg] 5}g . o; P]ltxfl;s
cj;/df ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ k|lqmof ;'lglZrt
gx'“bf;Dd cfGbf]ngsf] cf“lwa]x/L v8f ul/ /xg xfd|f] kf6L{ pkTosfnufot b]zsf ;a}
ju{, hflt, If]q / ln+usf cfd hg;d'bfo;“u xflb{s clkn ub{5 . ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf]
k/fho / hgtfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt 5 .Æ

To;}u/L ;nf{xL ;b/d'sfd dn+ujf
sfjf{xlaf/] hg;]gfsf] bf];|f] l8lehgsf sld;f/ s=;Gtf]if / sdf08/ s=/fh]zn] r}q
@$ ut] g} Ps k|]; jQmJo k|sflzt u/L zfxL ;'/IffsdL{sf &) yfgeGbf a9L xftxltof/ /
l;l8cf];lxt sof}+ k|x/L clkm;/x?nfO{ sAhf u/L nu]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“x?n]
cfkm"dfly cfqmd0f ug{ cfPsf] zfxL ;]gfsf] PdcfO–!& x]lnsf]K6/dfly cfqmd0f u/L
To;nfO{ Wj+; ul/lbPsf klg atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

;+o'Qm k|]; jQmJo elgPsf]
5–æsfjf{xLsf] nIo / of]hgf adf]lhd sfjf{xL k"0f{ ;kmn ul/Psf] 5 . ;b/d'sfd
;Dk"0f{ ?kn] Wj:t ul/Psf] 5 / k'ln;, ;]gfsf &) yfgeGbf a9L xftxltof/ / uf]nLu¶f
sAhf / /fhaGbL / cGo aGbL u/L !@% hgfnfO{ d'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . ;fydf ;L8Lcf] jf]w/fh
clwsf/L;lxt s]xL k|x/Lx? sAhfdf /x]sf 5g\ . sfjf{xLdf k|x/L, ;]gftkm{ bh{gf}+
dfl/Psf 5g\ . xfd|f]tkm{ Knf6'g eL;L s=sdn ;lxt tLg hgf of]4fx?n] pRr zxfbt
k|fKt ug{'ePsf] 5 . sfjf{xLsf] d'Vo of]hgf ;kmntfsf ;fydf csf{] yk u'0ffTds
sfjf{xL klg ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . h'g;'s} le8Gtsf] aLrdf hg;]gfdfly cfqmd0f ug{
cfOk'Ug] x]lnsf]K6/ dn+ujfdf klg cfO{ 3gfj:tLsf aLrdf hgwgsf] Ifltsf] jf:tf gu/L
ljWj+zfTds tf]/fjf]/f ad v;fNb} xjfO sfjf{xL ul//x]sf] a]nf k|lt/f]wfTds
bf]xf]/f] uf]nL xfgfxfgdf PdcfO–!& x]lnsf]K6/ Wj+; ul/Psf] 5 . /, x]lnsf]K6/df
/x]sf bh{gf}+ dfl/Psf 5g\ . o;/L hgd'lQm ;]gfn] csf{] ;kmntfsf] sLlt{dfg sfod
u/]sf] 5 .Æ

pxf“x?n] sfjf{xLdf zxfbt
k|fKt ug]{ jL/ of]4fx?nfO{ ;lxb 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] 5 ;fy} 3fOt]x?sf] :jf:ynfesf]
sfdgf klg ug'{ePsf] 5 .

u'NdLdf nf]stflGqs
u0ftGqsf] kIfdf a[xt hg;ef

xl/s[i0f kGyL÷u'NdL

g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] u'NdLsf] k'sf]{6 bxdf hgcfGbf]ng
lbj;sf] cj;/df ljzfn hg;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf cfof]lht
;f] hg;efdf @) xhf/ hgtfsf] pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

lhNnfsf] cvf{jfË, l;;]{gL, af“ems6]/L, w'sf]{6,
dnfoflu/L nufotsf bh{gf} :yfgaf6 em08f, Aofg/ / Kn]sf8{;lxt gf/fafhLsf ;fy
cfPsf] xhf/f}sf] h'n'; k[YjL pRr dflj cuf8Lsf] rf}/df k'uL ljzfn hg;efdf kl/0ft
ePsf] xf] . h'n';df ;xefuL hgtfx?n] lg/s'z /fhtGq lj?4 cfqmf]z kf]Vb} lg/s+'z
/fhtGq d'bf{jfb, 1fg] rf]/ b]z 5f]8, u0ftGq g]kfn lhGbfjfb, zfxL ;]gf lj36g u/,
/fli6«o ;]gf lgdf{0f u/, 1fg] dg]{ slxn] xf], cfh xf] ls ef]ln xf] h:tf gf/fx?sf
;fy nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf cledt hfx]/ u/]sf lyP .

;f] ljzfn hg;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
sf u08s If]qLo Ao"/f] ;b:o s=jfdb]j If]qLn] ;ft bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr nf]stflGqs
cfGbf]ngsf nflu ca l5§} ;femf gf/f / ;femf sfo{qmd to x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{ eof]
. sfo{qmddf clvn g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;+of]hs 8f=C[lif/fh a/fnn]
g]kfndf /ut aUg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f lg/s+'z /fhtGq ePsf]n] lg/s'+ztGqsf lj?4 n8\g ca
;ft kf6L{n] klg aGb's af]Sg] a]nf cfO;s]sf] atfpg' eof] . sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf
k|ltlglwx? klg ;xefuL ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?n] ;d]t lg/s+'z /fhtGq ca w]/}
lbg gl6Ss] bfjL u/] .

g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f cfof]lht ;f] hg;ef o; If]qs}
;Dejt ;a}eGbf 7'nf] hg;ef xf] . ;f] hg;efsf] aLraLrdf lIflth ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/
u08sn] cfsif{s hgjfbL uLt, g[To / Kof/f]8Lx? k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . snfsf/x?åf/f
b]vfOPsf] gf6sdf hgcfGbf]ngsf] kxnaf6 lg/s+'z /fhtGq 9n]sf] b[Zon] ;a} hgdfg;
pT;flxt ag]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sl/a 9]8 bh{g ;+rf/dfWodx?sf kqsf/x?sf] pk:ylt
/x]sf] lyof] .

;f]xL lbg lhNnfs} v}/]gLdf klg ;f]xL ;dod} cf7
xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] lj/f]w hg;ef ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;efdf u'NdL lhNnf hgkl/ifbsf
k|d'v ;'bz{g anfnn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf /];'Ëf hgd'lQm
;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ u'NdLn] cfk\mgf /f]rs k|:t'ltx? b]vfPsf] lyof] .

1fg]Gb| lj?4 k;f{–af/fdf
k|bz{g

jL/u~h÷hgcfGbf]ngsf]
pk]Iff ub{} tyfslyt lxGb' ;Dd]ng pb\3f6g ug{ jL/u~h cfOk'u]sf /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf
lj?4 k;f{ / jf/fdf dfcf]jfbLn] Jofks lj/f]w sfo{qmdx? u/]sf 5g\ . jL/u~h cfPs}
lbg dfcf]jfbLn] k;f{ / jf/fsf ljleGg ahf/ tyf ufp“ If]qx?df pgsf] dnfdL h'n';
lgsfn]sf lyP .

dfcf]jfbLn] 1fg]Gb| jL/u~h cfPs} lbg pgsf] :jfutdf
tof/ ul/Psf] u]6 hnfOlbPsf] lyof] / b'O{j6f adx? /flvlbPsf] lyof] . ;f] ad
la:kmf]6sf sf/0f jL/u+hjf;L lgs} pT;flxt ePsf lyP .

r}q @% ut] dfcf]jfbLn]
k;f{ lhNnfsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf dnfdL h'n'; lgsfnL bfx;+:sf/ u/]sf lyP . k;f{df
ldngrf]s, jf/ktf8L, ;a}nf nufotsf ufp“x? kl/qmdf u/]sf] ;f] h'n';nfO{
dfcf]jfbLsf k;f{ ;]qm]6/L s= cflzif, k;f{ hg;/sf/ k|d'v /fdc>o /fd tyf kLPn >]i7
nufotn] ;Djf]wg u/]sf lyP .

;f]xL lbg jf/fsf] lghu9
nufot ljleGg :yfgdf df]6/;fOsn / ;fOsn ¥ofnL;lxt 1fg]Gb|sf] dnfdL h'n'; ePsf]
lyof] . af/fsf] h'n';nfO{ jf/f hg;/sf/ k|d'v nfnaxfb'/ rf}w/L, Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=
lg/h, s= ljZj nufotn] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP .

o;cl3 r}q @$ ut] k;f{sf]
ldngrf]sdf eJo dzfn h'n'; ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s= cfwf/, s
kLPn >]i7n] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL lbg jL/u~hsf] lqk'l/of k'ndf hg;]gfn] dfOg
lj:kmf]6 u/]sf lyP .

r}q @^ ut] k;f{sf]
jL/u~h, sn}of nufotsf :yfgdf ePsf hgk|bz{gx?df xhf/f}+ xhf/ dflg;x?n] ;xeflutf
hgfPsf 5g\ . k|bz{gdf ufp“ufp“af6 hgtfx? cfPsf lyP .

?kGb]xLb]lv slknj:t';Ddsf
Ps bh{g zfxL SofDkx? Wj:t

a'6jn÷hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ?kGb]xLb]lv slknj:t';Dd /x]sf Ps
bh{geGbf a9L zfxL ;}Go cv8fx?df r}q @% /flt cfqmd0f u/L Wj:t agfOlbPsf] 5 .
klZrd ;}Go sdf08 O~rfh{ s=lbjfs/ / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf 8]k'6L sdf08/ s=k|efs/n] r}q
@^ ut] Ps ;+o'Qm k|]; jQmJodf …zfxL hNnfbx?sf] Jofks kmf]l6{lkms]zgdfly ul/Psf]
a[xt\ xdnf tyf 3]/faGbLn] g]kfnL hgo'4 / hgtfsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] gof“
l:yltnfO{ :ki6Ú u/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

jQmJodf cfqmd0fsf] qmddf b'O{ bh{g zfxL ;]gfsf]
d[To' x'g'sf ;fy} ;b/d'sfd / aVt/aGb uf8L;d]t Wj:t u/L s]xL xltof/;lxt dxTjk"0f{
o'4;fdfu|L hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7

æclGtd w'sw'sL wflg/x]sf] zfxL ;Qflj?4 /fhgLlts bn, ljleGg k]zfut
;+3÷;+:yfnufot Gofok]|dL hg;d'bfon] ;+rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ngn] Psflt/ gof“ cfsf/
u|x0f ub}{ uO/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] cfqmd0fnfO{ cem Jofks
/ zx/ s]Gb|Lt ul//x]sf] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 .

o;}qmddf
?kGb]xLb]lv slknj:t';Ddsf] zfxL hNnfbx?sf] Jofks kmf]l6{lkms]zgdfly ul/Psf]
a[xt\ xdnf tyf 3]/faGbLn] g]kfnL hgo'4 / hgtfsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] gof“
l:yltnfO{ :ki6 ub{5 . k|r08kyn] ljsl;t u/]sf] gof“ ;}Go sfo{lbzfsf] l:kl/6åf/f
;fdl/s, /fhgLlts tyf cfly{s b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ dflgg] ?kGb]xLb]lv slknj:t';Ddsf
Ps bh{g SofDkx?df ul/Psf] xdnfn] lg/+s'z /fhtGqlj?4sf] lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngdf
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 . ;fy} 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df xfGg] ;}Go /0fgLltsf]
of] zfgbf/ k|of]u cfufdL lbgdf emg\ 7"nf] xdnf tyf 3]/faGbLsf] lglDt P]ltxfl;s
cEof; ;fljt x'g]5 . olta]nf zx/, /fhdfu{ / t/fO{df ul/Psf] of] cfqmd0fåf/f
hgd'lQm ;]gfn] Ps};fy y'k|} SofkDx? IftljIft kfb}{ c~rn / lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?nfO{
Pp6} 3]/fleq /fv]/ cfqmd0f ub}{ Wj:t ug{ ;kmn ePsf] / gof“ pRr cfqmd0fsf] l/xz{n
zfgbf/ 9+un] ;kmn kf/]sf] 5 .

of] cfqmd0fsf]
qmddf b'O{ bh{g zfxL hNnfbx?sf] d[To' x'g'sf ;fy} ;b/d'sfd / aVt/aGb uf8L ;d]t
Wj:t ug'{sf ;fy} s]xL xltof/;lxt dxTjk"0f{ o'4;fdfu|L hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf u/]sf]
5 . jL/tfk"0f{ o; cfqmd0fsf] qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf sDkgL sdf08/;lxt !% hgf
of]4fx?sf] jlnbfgL ePsf] s'f/ ;d]t :ki6 ug{ rfxG5f}+ . /, dxfg\ ;lxbx?k|lt
efjk"0f{ clejfbg ck{0f ub}{ nfn;nfd ub{5f}+ . g]kfnL hgtsf] :jtGqtf k|flKt
geP;Dd hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cem Jofks cfqmd0f ub}{ cufl8 a9\g]5 / o; P]ltxfl;s
cleofgdf Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfo / /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u /xg] s'/fdf
ljZj:t 5f}+ .Æ

b]zJofkL u0ftGq 3f]if0ff
tLj|

bfª÷b]zJofkL ?kdf ljleGg
If]qx?nfO{ u0ftflGqs If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ sfo{n] tLj|tf kfPsf] 5 .

bfªdf lqmofzLn ljBfyL{
;+u7gx?n] d+unjf/ ljxfg} /fKtL c~rnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] SofDk; …dx]Gb|Ú ax'd'vL
SofDk;sf] cufl8sf] …dx]Gb|Ú zJb x6fO{ u0ftGq ax'd'vL SofDk; gfdfs/0f u/]sf 5g\ .

nf]stflGqs
cfGbf]ngn] pTsif{ k|fKt ub}{ ubf{ ca ;fdGtL /fhtGq;“u s'g} ;Demf}tf / ;xdlt x'g
g;Sg] atfp“b} tL ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] gj 3f]lift u0ftGq ax'd'vL SofDk; e/tk'/
bfªsf] kl/;/nfO{ u0ftGq If]q ;d]t 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] If]qdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
;]gf k|x/LnfO{ k|j]z ug{ glbOg] klg pgLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

o;}u/L d+unjf/ g}
tL ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] bfªsf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd 3f]/fxLl:ylt ;s8 l8lehg sfof{no /
tYof+s sfof{nosf] cufl8 n]lvPsf] …>L %Ú zJb x6fO{ g]kfn n]v]/ …>L % sf] ;/sf/Ú
sf] ;§f g]kfn ;/sf/ agfPsf 5g\ .

ptf kf]v/fdf r}q
@* ut] Toxf“sf] k':ofª eGg] :yfgnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] u0ftGq rf]s gfdfs/0f u/]sf
5g\ .

b]zsf lrtjg, u'NdL,
Ko"7fg, ;nf{xL kfNkf / tgx“' nufotsf lhNnfx?sf ljleGg :yfgsf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf
/x]sf …>L % ;/sf/Ú n]lvPsf af]8{x?af6 …>L %Ú x6fP/ g]kfn ;/sf/ n]Vg yflnPsf] 5 .
of] qmd b]zJofkL ?kdf lj:tf/ x'“b} uPsf] 5 .

:d/0fLo 5, r}q @& ut]
g]skf -dfcf]fjbL_ n] o:tf sfo{x?nfO{ ;xof]u / k|f]T;fxg ug]{ atfPsf] lyof] .

;+rf/sdL{åf/f sÎo{' cj1f
/ wgf{

sf7df8f}+÷zfxL ;Qfåf/f
ha/h:t nflbPsf] skmo{' / lgz]wf1f cj1f ub{} ;+rf/sdL{n] ;~rf/u|fd cufl8 wgf{
lbPsf lyP . To;qmddf kqsf/x?n] k|]; :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf gf/fjfhL ;d]t u/]sf lyP .
;+rf/sdL{n] sÎo{'sf] ;dodf ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug{ k|]; kf; glbg] zfxL ;/sf/sf] sbdsf]
lj/f]w ub{} nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf zfxL ;Qfn] u/]sf] lj/f]w ub{} cfkm"x? r'k
nfu]/ ga:g] atfP .

wgf{ sfo{qmddf
af]Nb} g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;efklt lji0f' lgi7'/Ln] ;+rf/sdL{n] df}gtf ;f“Wg'
eg]sf] nf]stGqsf] kIfdf plePsf nfvf}+ hgtfsf] ckdfg ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pQm
lj/f]w sfo{qmddf dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj dx]Gb| lji6, k"j{;efkltx? xl/x/ lj/xL, tf/fgfy
bfxfn, ;'/]z cfrfo{nufotn] ;Daf]wg ug{'eof] .

lj/f]w sfo{qmddf
kqsf/x?n] k|]; :jtGqtf jxfnL u/, nf]stGq lhGbfjfb, :jtGq ;dfrf/ ;+sngdf cj/f]w
gu/, ;/sf/L bdg d'bf{jfb nufotsf gf/f nufPsf lyP .

cGo ;dfrf/

dlxnf g]t[sf] l/xfOsf] dfu

lj/f6gu/÷clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf hok'/L 3tL{n] zfxL ;'/IffsdL{åf/f a]kQf agfOPsL ;+u7gsL pkfWoIf nIdL
d'8j/L / jL/tfsf] hLjg/Iff Pjd\ l/xfOsf] nflu hf]8bf/ cfjfh p7fOlbg ;Dk"0f{
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3, ;:yf Pjd\ JolQmx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 .

;+3sL pkfWoIf nIdL d'8j/L / ;b:o
jL/tfnfO{ r}q @! ut] kf“ry/ lhNnfsf] bzdL ahf/af6 zfxL ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/
u/L a]kQf agfPsf] xf] .

g]t[ 3tL{n] …r}q @! ut] kf“ry/ lhNnfsf] /lj a];
SofDksf] zfxL ;]gfsf] Ps cft+ssf/L lx+;|s hTyfn] xfd|F] ;+u7g clvn g]kfn dlxnf
;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf nIdL d'8j/L / dlxnf sfo{stf{ jL/tfnfO{ laxfg
!) jh] bzdLjhf/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L aa{/ oftgf lb+b} a]kQf kf/]sf]Ú pNn]v ub}{
eGg'ePsf] 5–æxfd|f] ;+u7g o; 36gfsf] tLj| eT;{gf ub{5 / o;sf] b]zJofkL lj/f]w /
k|lt/f]w ug{ ;Dk"0f{ tx / tKsfsf dlxnf g]t[Tj, sfo{stf{ / cfd dlxnfnfO{ clkn
ub{5 .Æ

cWoIf 3tL{n] zfxL ;/sf/åf/f
lgo'Qm kf“ry/ lhNnfsf slyt ;efklt / pk;efklt cfkm\gf] ;+u7gsf] lgoGq0fdf
/flvPsf] / nIdL d'8j/L Pjd\ jL/tfsf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs / l/xfO gul/pGh]n ltgLx?nfO{
d'Qm gul/g] r]tfjgL ;d]t lbg'ePsf] 5 .

aGbL 5f8\g ;t{

hgsk'/÷k'/fgf] ;Qfn] cfkm\gf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ l/xf
gu/];Dd ;nf{xL ;b/d'sfd dn+ujfaf6 hg;]gfn] sAhfdf lnPsf k|lhc af]w/fh
clwsf/L;lxtsf aGbLx?nfO{ l/xf gug]{ If]qLo ;+o'Qm df]rf{ ;ldlt, hgsk'/–;u/dfyfsf
;+of]hs k|e' ;fxn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] cfkm\gf ;fyLx? ;"o{gfy ofbj -;Kt/L_,
e/t zfx -dxf]Q/L_, ;f]let ofbj -wg'iff_, lzj/fd ofbj -;Kt/L_ / sdn -;Kt/L_ u/L
kf“r hgfnfO{ l/xf gu/] k|lhc clwsf/L;lxtnfO{ l/xf ug]{ k|Zg} gx'g] atfpg'ePsf] 5
.

;fxn] r}q @^ Ps jQmJo k|sflzt
ub}{ aGbLx?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] d"No–dfGotfcg';f/ g} Jojxf/ ul/Psf] atfpg'ePsf] 5
. jQmJodf elgPsf] 5– æxfd|f ;fyLx?sf] l/xfOsf] nflu kxn ul/lbg ;Dk"0f{
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3, ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfu|x ub{5f}+ .Æ

To;}u/L pxf“n] h]n/ clgns'df/
cfrfo{ dw'd]xsf] /f]un] u|:t b]lvPsfn] dfgjLotfsf] cfwf/df l5§} l/xf ul/lbg]
s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;d]t u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .

l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf hg;]gfsf]
sdf08f]

sf7df8f}+÷hg;]gfsf] Pp6f 6's8Ln] zfxL ;]gfdfly
l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] vf8Lrf}/sf] lh/f] lsnf]df u/]sf] sdf08f] cfqmd0fdf k/L Ps zfxL
;]gf 7x/} ePsf] 5, tLg hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . r}q @# ut] ljxfg !)M%% ah] ePsf] ;f]
sfjf{xLdf hg;]gfn] zfxL ;]gfsf] cTofw'lgs OG;f; b'O{ yfg, To;sf bz yfg DuflUhg,
% ;o $! yfg uf]nL, Pp6f emf]nf sAhf u/]sf 5g\ .

hg;]gfn] Ps zfxL ;]gfnfO{
sAhf u/L :yfgLo hgtfsf] /f]xj/df 36gf:yndf g} 5f]l8lbPsf 5g\ .

k6gf h]ndf hgcfGbf]ng lbj;

jL/u~h÷ljxf/sf] k6gf h]ndf jGbL agfOPsf g]kfnL tyf ef/tLo
/fhaGbLx?n] hgcfGbf]ng lbj; dgfPsf 5g\ . k6gfsf] jfph/ h]ndf /x]sf tL aGbLx?n]
r}q @$ ut] ljleGg sfo{qmdx?;lxt @%) aGbLx?sf] pkl:yltdf hgcfGbf]ng lbj; dgfPsf
x'g\ .

sfo{qmddf g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf g]tf lxtaxfb'/ tfdfª, s=dgf]h, s=ljog cfhfb nufotn] ;Daf]wg
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;lxbx?k|lt Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f u/L z'? ul/Psf] ;f] sfo{qmddf
;efklt lblnk dxh{g, pb3f]ifs clgn zdf{ x'g'x'GYof] eg] :jfut efif0f s=bLksn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ljxf/
hg;+3if{ k|lt/f]w d~rsf gfu]Gb| ld>, qmflGtsf/L ;f“:s[lts ;+3sf s=z+s/, ljxf/
hg;+3if{ d~rsf s=dgf]h, efskf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf s=k|j]z, s=pbo, s=;'/]z, efskf
-dfn]_ sf s=dx]zk|;fb, s=l;4/fd, s=cd/l;+xs'df/ / s=eLd nufotsf] klg ;xeflutf
lyof] .

sfo{qmddf
qmflGtsf/L hg;f“:s[lts d~r / efskf -dfn]_ ;dly{t lju'n ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] uLtx?
k|:t't u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] kIf/df lg/+s'z
/fhtGqsf] ljkIfdf ljleGg gf/fx? nufOPsf] lyof] .

Ps ;"qLo gf/f agfpg' kg]{df hf]8

Ko"7fg÷oxL r}q @^ ut]
Ko"7fgsf] afUb'nf ahf/df dfcf]jfbL kf6L{åf/f sl/a kf“r ;o hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf Ps
sf]0f;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . pQm sf]0f;efnfO{ ;+jf]wg ub}{ dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{jfxs
lhNNff ;]qm]6/L s=k|sfzn] bn–dfcf]jfbL ;dembf/L cfd g]kfnL hgtfaf6 cg'df]lbt
ePsfn] ca ;ft /fhg}lts bn / dfcf]jfbLn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ Ps ;"qLo gf/f
agfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . bn–dfcf]jfbLaLr g]kfnL hgtfn] ;femf gf/f, ;femf
sfo{qmd xf];\ eGg] rfx]sf 5g\, Tof] rfxgfnfO{ k"/f ug{ bnx?n] cfkm"leq /x]sf]
sfo/tfnfO{ TofUg}k5{ eGg'eof] . ;fy} pxf“n] bn / dfcf]jfbLsf] ;femf b'Zdg
lg/+s'z /fhtGq xf] eg] ca xfdL bn–dfcf]jfbLn] cf7 bn agfP/ ;femf sfo{qmdsf]
3f]if0ff u/L ;fdGtL /fhtGq lj?4sf] ;+3if{df lsg ghfg] egL k|Zg ug'{eof] .

csf{ jQmf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNNff ;b:o s=k|eftn]
lg/s+'z ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] lj?4 bn–dfcf]jfbLn] lx+;fTds / clx+;fTds cfGbf]ngnfO{
Ps–csf{df ;dfof]hg ub}{ hfg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . pQm sf]0f ;efdf lemd|'s
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] /f]rs hgjfbL uLt–g[Tox? k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . sf]0f;efsf]
;~rfng clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf lhNNff cWoIf ljZjjGw' yfkfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sf]0f;efsf] cGTodf ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt afUb'nf ahf/ jf;Lx?n] nf]stflGqs
u0ftGqsf] kIfdf rsf{ gf/f nufPsf lyP .

To;}u/L zlgjf/
Ko"7fgsf] ;b/d'sfd vnËfdf cfGbf]ngsf/L bnx?n] zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf h'n'; k|bz{g ug{
vf]Hbf k|x/Ln] cgfjZos x:tIf]k u/L cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? / k|x/LaLr em8k x'Fbf sDtLdf
cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?tkm{ !% hgf / k|x/Ltkm{ b'O{ hgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . 3fOt] x'g]x?df
Pdfn]sf sf=jf= ;lrj xl/ l/hfn, k|hftflGqs sf+u|];sf ;efklt zflns/fd k+l8t,
sf+u|];sf ;'jf; s]=;Lnufot bh{gf}+ k/]sf 5g\
. bf]xf]/f] em8kkl5 sf]0f;efdf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] bdgsf] abnf cfGbf]ngaf6} c;'n
ul/g] atfp“b} cfGbf]ng zfxL ;/sf/sf] h:tf];'s} bdgn] gbAg] atfPsf lyP . PdPn
yfkfaf6

d]rL–sf]zLdf o'4 kqsfl/tf
k|lzIf0f

df]/ª÷r}q @! ut]b]lv z'? eO{
@% ut] df]/ªdf o'4 ;Djfbbftf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo Ao"/f] O~rfh{ s=;'dgn] k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 pb\3f6g
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ e"d08nLs[t ;"rgf ;fd|fHojfblj?4 o'4 kqsfl/tfsf] gof“
df]rf{ vf]Ng'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . hg;]gfsf] k|yd l8lehgsf sld;f/
s=;fu/n] lj:tf/jfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] h'7f] r';]sf ;+jfbbftfsf lj?4 o'4;+jfbbftfn]
wfjf af]Ng'kg]{ cfjZostf ePsf]df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf ls/ft /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{, d]rL–sf]zL ;+of]hs s=;"o{jfnf vDa", ;f]n'–;Nn]/L la|u]8 ;xsld;f/
s=kf;fª, d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo sfof{no ;lrj s=lzv/, k|yd l8lehg sfof{no ;lrj s=gjLg,
ljKnj–;[hg la|u]8 cGt/ut @ gDa/ a6flnog sld;f/ tyf o'4;+jfbbftf k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v k|lzIfs s=;/f]h, d]rL–sf]zL k|sfzg ljefuaf6 k|lzIfs s=z]v/,
;+rf/ ljefu OGrfh{ s=ljsf;, df]/ª * gDa/ Pl/of O~rfh{ s=/rgfnufotsf sd/]8x?sf]
pkl:ylt lyof] .

k|d'v k|lzIfs s=;/f]h / k|lzIfs
s=z]v/n] sfo{qmdsf] ?k/]vf;lxt ljifout dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . d]rL–sf]zL
If]qLo Jo'/f] tyf k|yd l8lehgsf] k|rf/–k|;f/ ljefuåf/f cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmdsf]
;efkltTj s=gjLgn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] s=ljdnn] sfo{s|dsf] ;~rfng tyf s=aGbgfn]
:jfut dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf
d]rL–sf]zLsf #^ hgf o'4;+jfbbftfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
ljdn nfld5fg]af6

…;Gb]zÚ ;"rgf–;+rf/ lzlj/

Onfd÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
-dfcf]jfbL_ k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 cGtu{t d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo Jo'/f]åf/f cfof]lht
…;Gb]z ;"rgf–;+rf/ tyf On]S6«f]lgS; cfwf/e"t lzlj/Ú ;Dkgg ePsf] 5 . pQ, lzlj/
Onfd lhNnfsf] hLtk'/ ufh;df lzlj/ !$ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

d]rL–sf]zLel/sf $) k|lzIffyL{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{ k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 ;Djf]wg ub}{
g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf l5Gtfª–;'vfgL la|u]8 sld;f/
s=;GWofn] ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ cfwf/e"t lzlj/sf] cfjZostf tyf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
/fhg}lts kl/j]zsf] ljifodf :ki6 u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf d]rL pkJo'/f] ;b:o
tyf j6flnog sdf08/ s=gjLg, d]rL pkJo'/f] ;b:o tyf Onfd lhNnf O~rfh{
s=ljhonufotn] cf–cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

;ft lbg;Dd rn]sf] k|lzIf0f lzlj/sf] pb\3f6g
sfo{qmdnfO{ d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo ;+rf/ O~rfh{ tyf k|d'v k|lzIfs s=ljsf;n] ;efkltTj
ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] s=czf]ssf] ;~rfng / s=/l;sn] :jfut efif0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm lzlj/ 3f]8]6f/l:yt zfxL ;]gfsf] j]; SofDk cfqmd0fdf pRr ;fx;sf ;fy
n8\bfn8\b} zxfbt k|fKt ug'{x'g] k"j{ d]rL ;"rgf ;+rf/ O~rfh{ s=;Gb]zsf] gfddf
;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

l;+xb/jf/ Wj:t kfg]{ k|lqmofdf

d'u'÷g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt d'u'sf] Pl/of
g+= # / $ sf] ;+o'Qm sdf08:t/Lo hg;ef ;f]?sf]6df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . w}g, sfnfO,
eLx, gfyk'{, kmf]Gb, hLdnufotsf ufp“af6 cfPsf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm
hg;efdf k|d'v clylt g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ e]s If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf dfr{ 6f]nLsf
sdf08/ s=klys x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“n] …hlxn];Dd g]kfndf hftLo, If]qLo / lnËLo
;d:ofx? ;dfwfg x'“b}gg\ ta;Dd lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] em08f p7fP/ nl8/xg] 5f}+Ú
eGg'x'“b}} …zfxL ;]gfsf] 9f8 ef“r]/ l;+xb/jf/nfO{ Wj:t kfg]{ k|lqmofdf cufl8
al9/x]sf 5f}+Ú eGg'eof] .

sdf08/ s=klysn] eGg'eof] –æh'ga]nf;Dd lg/+s'z
/fhtGqsf] cGTo x'“b}g, Tolt~h]n;Dd xfd|f] of] cfGbf]ng cufl8 al9/xg]5 . h;n]
cfGbf]ngdf wf]sf lbG5, Tof] JolQm / /fhg}lts kf6L{ l;l2P/ hfg]5 .Æ ;fy} pxf“n]
cufl8 eGg'eof] ænfvf}+ hgtfx? u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ;+ul7t ePsf 5g\, oltv]/
bn–dfcf]jfbLaLr Ps cfk;df dte]b xf]Og /fhtGqsf] cGTosf] lglDt s]Gb|Lt x'g'k5{ .Æ

o;}aLr hgjfbL Gofo
k|0ffnLnfO{ lj:tf/ Pj+ ;'b[9 ug{sf nflu sfg'g tyf Gofo ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf
kf08ju'kmdf ^ / & gDa/ Pl/ofsf] ;+o'Qm cGt/lqmofTds k|lzIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sfo{qmdaf6 $) hgf :yfgLo k|ltlglw÷ko{j]Ifs nufot s]xL k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ ;d]t
k|lzlIft ePsf lyP .

u0ftflGqs dfr{åf/f /ftdf hg;ef

x'Dnf÷g]kfnL hgtfs]f k"0f{ d'lQm / :jtGqtfsf] lgldt b]zdf
;+rflnt nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ gof“ p“rfOdf p7fpg cfhef]ln hgtfnfO{
lbp“;f]sf] sfo{qmdn] dfq gk'u]/ /flt klg hg;ef x'G5g\ .

u0ftflGqs dfr{åf/f cfof]lht hg;efdf c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf h'Dnf lhNnf dfr{ 6Ld sdf08/ lwl/Gb|f pkfWofon]
;efnfO{ ;+jf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof] –æljutdf k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfn] Ps jf]/f g'g eP k'U5
eGg] s0ff{nLjf;Lx? cfh s]Gb|Ls[t tfut k}bf u/L lg/+s'z xTof/f] 1fg]Gb|nfO{ k/f:t
kfg]{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ngdf nfd nfu]sf 5g\ .Æ

c“w]/f] /ftdf klg lbofnf] jfn]/ sfo{qmd zfgbf/
9+un] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . a]n'sL k|To]ssf] xftdf lbofnf] ;NsfP/ cfp“bf nfUYof]
Toxf“ dzfn h'n'; ub}{ s'g} tfgfzfxL ;Qfsf] wHhL p8fp“b}5g\ . sl/j ^ ;o hg;+Vof
ePsf] /fxb]j ufp“df rf/ ;oeGbf a9L hgtfx? sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsf lyP .

!%÷!^ j6f 3/sf 5tdf j;]/ ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd /
efif0f ;'lg/x]sf dfG5]x?nfO{ c“Wof/f] / hf8f]sf] s'g} kjf{x lyPg s]jn lrGtf
lyof] qmflGt s;/L ;DkGg ug]{ † jf]v' nufP/ jl;/x]sf *)÷*% jif{sf a"9fx?sf]
;d'xsf Pshgf %@ jifL{o wg] ljsn] eg] æclxn]sf] hdfgfdf s;}n] s/sfk u/]/ xf]Og
xfdLx? cfkm\gf] st{Jo ;Dem]/ :jtGqk"j{s sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'G5f}+ .Æ pxf“sf]
cg';f/ o:tf a[4x?sf nflu gof“ hgjfbL Joj:yf geO{ gx'g] b]lvG5 .

cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ h'Dnfsf ;+of]hs
v]djxfb'/ l;+xsf] ;+rfngdf j]n'sL * ah]af6 z'? ePsf] pQm sfo{qmd /flt ! ah];Dd
;+rfng eof] . ;efdf sflGh/f]jf hgjfbL snfsf/sf] uLt / gf6s 6Ldsf] gf6sn] k'/fgf]
5f8f ;+:s[ltsf] e08fkmf]/ dfq u/]g gof“ k|]/0ffsf ;fy hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;
ug{ hgtfx?nfO{ xf};nf klg k|bfg u¥of] . s]6fs]6L, a"9fkfsf, lzIfs, j'l4hLjL /
ljleGg snfsf kf/vLx? ;xefuL ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdn] s] ;+s]t ub{5 eg] hgtfx?nfO{
uf]nL / ;+lugsf] qf;n] xf]Og ;xL ljrf/ / /fhgLltn] sdfg u/]/ cufl8 j9\g ;s]
h:tf];'s} sfnf kxf8x? klg kG5fpg ;lsG5 . 8jn dxtf/faf6

u'NdLdf ;f+:s[lts ;+3sf]
lhNnf ;Dd]ng

u'NdL÷clvn g]kfn
hg;f+:s[lts ;+3, u'NdLsf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] l/Hh' >]i7
cWoIf, czf]s yfkf pkfWoIf, xl/s[i0f kGyL ;lrj / ;'zLnf s]=;L= sf]iffWoIf /x]sf]
gf} ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;+3sf u08s
If]qLo ;+of]hs lblnk >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] xf] .

;lxb kl/jf/sf] Pp6} hf]8, xTof/f] 1fg]Gb| ;Qf 5f]8

) 8jnaxfb'/ dxtf/f ÷ x'Dnf -lkKnfª_

;'?;'?df n8fOsf] d}bfgdf
cfkmGtx? uf]nL nfu]/ 9n]sf] b]Vbf ;lxb kl/jf/hgx? zf]sdUg eP . cf“z'sf d"n
km'6fP . csfndf Joy}{ d/] klg eg]]] s;}s;}n] t . t/ o;sf] ul/df / d[To'j/0fsf]
cf]h a'em\bf cfkm}k|lt kZrftfk ug{ yfn] . clg eGg yfn]–xfd|f] ;Gtfg t b]zsf]
lglDt xf“;Lxf“;L dg]{ jL/, axfb'/ kf] /x]5g\ .

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ x'Dnfsf e"=k"= ;]qm]6/L ;lxb
s=anjL/sL cfdf j]ndtL a"9f eGg'x'G5–æd]/f] 5f]/f cfGbf]ngdf n8]/ ;lxb ePsf] 5,
o;df dnfO{ uj{ 5 .Æ %^ jif{sf] a"9f] pd]/df pxf“ cfkm\gf] 5f]/fsf] zxfbtsf] vj/
;'Gbf Psl5g t d'5f{ kg{'eof], cGtdf lrQ a'emfpg'eof] . !@ xhf/ ;lxbsf] ;+Vofdf
Ps hgf cfkm\gf] 5f]/f klg k/]sf]df pxf“n] clxn] lrGtf lng'ePsf] 5}g, cft+lst
x'g'ePsf] 5}g a? 5ftL bx|f] agfpg' ePsf] 5, ;lxbsL cfdf aGg kfPsf]df .

;lbof}+b]lv g]kfnL hgtfx?nfO{ bafp“b} cfPsf]
lg/+s'z ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ l5§} a9fg{k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbb} /fjb]j lgjf;L zfxLsL cfdf
eGg'x'G5 –æh:tf]u/L d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ xTof u/]sf] 5 To:t}u/L 1fg]Gb|nfO{ klg
dfg'{k5{ . Pshgfn] n8]/ dfq k'Ub}g ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfx?n] ljb|f]xsf] /f“sf]
afNb} gf/fo0flx6L sAhf ug'{k5{ .Æ pxf“sf] ;'emfj 5– æhfp ;a} 5f]/fx? nu]/
1fg]Gb|sf] vf]O/f] vGg .Æ

xhf/f}+ cfdfx?sf] sf]v l/Qf] eP h:t} xhf/f}+
>LdtLx?n] cfkm\gf hLjg;fyL klg u'dfPsf 5g\ . t/ >Ldfg 9n]sf >LdtLx? abnf lng
tof/ ePsf 5g\ eg] >LdtL 9n]sf >Ldfgx? klg . x'Dnf lhNnfsf] j'df ufp“df hGd]/
@)%& ;fndf b}n]vsf] gf}d'n] rf}sL /]8df ;lxb x'g'ePsf s=k|sfzsL hLjg;+lugL
nfnsnL j'9f >Ldfgsf] xTofsf] abnf lbg o'4 d}bfgdf 8l6/xg' ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L
cfkm\gf] >LdfgnfO{ slnnf] pd]/d} xTof/f] b'Zdgn] r6Ss r“'8]/ ln+bf abnfefjsf
d'l¶x? p7fp“b} v;]sf] aGb's p7fpg] k|lta4tfsf ;fy )^) ;fndf k"0f{sfnLg x'g'ePsL
s=/ldtfsf] egfO 5–æ;lxbn] b]vfPsf] af6f]df cufl8 al9/xg] 5f}+ .Æ pxf“nfO{ ;lxbsL
hLjg;+lugL x'g kfPsf]df uj{ 5 .

g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] hgo'4 z'?jftb]lv clxn];Ddsf
;Dk"0f{ ;lxbx?sf] /]s8{ /fv]sf] 5 . ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] /]vb]v dfq xf]Og ;Ddfg klg
u/]sf] 5 . k|To]s sfo{qmdx?df ;lxb kl/jf/x? cltlysf] ?kdf ;Ddflgt x'G5g\ . t;y{
sfo{qmddf nf}/f] 6]s]/ cfPsf bfdf] lgjf;L rf/ jif{ klxn] ;lxb x'g'ePsf
s=rdTsf/sf afh] g/] zfxL eG5g\ –æsfo{qmddf cfPkl5 gfltsf] gfd cfp“5 . o;n] ubf{
pgLx? ;Tos} lglDt n8]sf /x]5g\ eGg] nfU5 .Æ skfn k"/} ;]t} km'n]sf *) jif{L{o
zfxL k|To]s sfo{qmd / hge]nfdf k'Ug'x'G5 . of] s'g} s/sfksf] ljifo geP/ pxf“df
b'Zdgk|ltsf] 3[0ff xf] . gflt df/]sf]df b'v 5 . pxf“n] eGg'x'G5 –æxTof/f]
1fg]Gb+ l5§} dg]{5 . oltdfq xf]Og 5f]/f gfltx?n] n8]sf] o'4af6 l5§} s]Gb|Lo
hgjfbL ;Qfsf] 9f]sf v'nf];\ eGg] sfdgf klg pxf“ ug{'x'G5 .

xhf/f}+ ;lxb kl/jf/hgx? /utsf] abnf /ut lng cft'/
5g\ . dg{b]lv 8/fPsf 5}gg\ j? pN6} dfg{ cfpg]nfO{ dfg'{k5{ eGg] lxDdt s;]sf 5g\
. pgLx?nfO{ s] ljZjf; 5 eg] cfkmGtx?sf] /utaf6 gof“ ljZj hlGdb}5 . pgLx?nfO{
yfxf ePsf] 5–h;n] b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt b'Zdgsf lj?4 n8]/ k|f0ff]T;u{ u5{ pxL g}
cd/ ;lxb x'G5 .

k"j{ ;f+;b k|sfz
sf]O/fnfsf] xTof

sf7df8f}+÷6]S;f;sf] cfln{ª6gl:yt cj|fxg l:6|6df /x]sf]
slGelgoG6 k;ndf ;f]daf/ ljxfg ( ah]lt/ k|sfz sf]O/fnfsf] lgwg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
pgnfO{ ck/fwL;d'xn] uf]nL xfg]kl5 :6f]/ cfuf] nufOPsf] z+sf ul/Psf] 5 eg] uf]nL
nfu]sf] gnfu]sf] s'/f cem} :yfgLo k|x/Ln] hfgsf/L glbPsf] atfOG5 .

sf]O/fnf s]xL jif{cl3b]lv
pQm :yfgdf Ps kfls:tfgLd"nsf Jofkf/Lsf] :6f]/df sfd ub}{ cfPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
sf]O/fnfsf] z/L/ hn]/ lrGg} g;lsg] cj:yfdf k|x/Ln] km]nf kf/]sf lyP . ck/fwLx?n]
lghnfO{ uf]nL xfgL n'6]kl5 Sofd/fdf cfkm\gf] ;a't /xg] 7fgL pgLx?n] :6f]/ g}
cfuf] nufOlbPsf] x'g;Sg] z+sf ul/Psf] 5 .

ljut !) jif{b]lv cd]l/sfsf /x“b} cfPsf sf]O/fnf g]kfndf @)$* ;fnsf]
;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf l;Gw'nL @ gDa/ If]qaf6 g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lgjf{lrt k"j{ ;f+;b
x'g\ . sf]O/fnfsf @$ jif{sf Ps 5f]/f k|tLs sf]O/fnf ;fydf /x]sf / cfOtaf/
/fltdfq k|sfz sf]O/fnfn] cfkm\gL 5f]/L k|ltIff sf]O/fnfl;t sf7df8f}+l:yt
sf]6]Zj/df s'/f u/]/ cfkm\gf] af/]df s'g} lrGtf glng eGb} 5f]/LnfO{ ;+emfPsf]
s'/f cd]l/sfaf6 lg:sg] g]kfnL kf]i6n] n]v]sf] 5 .

dlxnf k|lzIf0f

x'Dnf÷c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ x'Dnfn] cfkm\gf ;lqmo Ps
xhf/ dlxnf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbPsf] vj/ 5 . ;+u7gsL ;b:o nIdLsGof
a'9fsfcg';f/ ;f] k|lzIf0f x'Dnf, d'u' / h'Dnf lhNnf O~rfh{ s=klys, x'Dnf lhNnf
;]qm]6/L cfzfs/, ;+u7gsL g]t[ lwl/Gbf pkfWofo, nIdL a'9f nufotn] lbg'ePsf] lyof]
.

Ps csf{] ;dfrf/ cg';f/, r}q !^ ut] h'Dnfsf]
tftf]kfgLdf x'Dnfb]lv h'Dnf;Dd cfOk'u]sf] u0ftGq dfr{sf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gdf gf/f
h'n'; ePsf] lyof] . ;f] gf/f—h'n';af6 cQflnPsf] zfxL ;}lgs ;/sf/n] x:tIf]k ug{
vf]h]kl5 cleofgsf] k|lt/f]wdf Ps hgf zfxL ;]gf 3fOt] ePsf] lyof] .

l/kf]6{

a"9fx?sf] hf]z o'jfx?nfO{
k|]/0ff

) k|zf]wg s]=;L=

;]t} km'n]sf v';L/fd kfv|Lg
oltv]/ d]rL–dxfsfnL ;f“:s[lts k|lt/f]w cleofgdf uLt ufp“b} hgtfsf] r]tgf
Jo'“emfO/xg' ePsf] 5 . %@ jif{sf] pd]/ k'lu;Sbf klg pxf“sf] hf];, hf“u/, l;h{g
sfo{ x]bf{ pxf“nfO{ a"9f] eGg ;lsGg . k"j{b]lv klZrd;Ddsf j:tLx?df ef]s, Kof;,
lgGb|f, psfnf], b'Zdgsf sof}+ jfwf–Jojwfgx?sf jfjh'b klg o'jfx?sf] ;fydf ;xh}
sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 . )#^ ;fnb]lv ;'? ePsf] pxf“sf] hgjfbL ;f+uLlts ofqf cfh;Dd hf/L
5 . uLt n]vgdf cem} tLj|tf cfPsf] 5 . csf]{ uLlt ;+u|x k|sfzgsf] tof/Ldf
nfUg'ePsf kfv|Lg eGg'x'G5 –æof] pd]/df klg qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg kfp“bf ddf
o'jf hf]z knfPsf] 5, o'jfx?sf] aLrdf cfkm"nfO{ kfp“bf a"9f] 5' eGg] nfUb}–nfUb}g
.Æ

kflv|g h:t}
hf]lznf j[4x?sf] 7"nf] nfdaGbL 5, hgo'4df . y'k|} j[4x?n] qmflGtdf pRr / ;fxl;s
jlnbfg klg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ut jif{ c3f{vf“rLdf b'Zdgsf] 3]/fdf k/L kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo
;ldlt ;Nnfxsf/ t]hdfg 3tL{ -s=bL3{_ To;sf] Ps pbfx/0f x'g\ . pxf“nfO{ b'Zdgn]
sAhfdf lnP/ sfotfk"j{s xTof u¥of] . sflnsf]6sf &^ jifL{o gfªdn ljs, hgo'4sf]
z'?jftlt/} ;lxb x'g] hfh/sf]6sf lx/] cf]nL, b'Zdgsf] ;fd' Ps/lQ gem's]/ jlnbfg
ug'{x'g] /f]Nkf ld?nsf j/bfg /f]sf du/nufotsf j[4÷j[4fx?sf] o'4df /ut alu;s]sf]
5 .

a[4x?sf] 7"nf]
;xeflutf / hf]; hf“u/sf] cfwf/ pgLx?sf] hLjg ef]ufO xf] . To;df dfn]dfjfb /
k|r08kyLo ljrf/sf] zlQm k|bfg u/]sf] 5, eGg'x'G5 g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf ltns kl/of/ . ^@ jif{ k'Ug'ePsf kl/of/ kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/
klg x'g'x'G5 . pxf“ eGg'x'G5 –æxfd|f] k':tfn] lxhf] g} qmflGtsf] ;'?jft
ul/lbPsf] eP gof“ k':tfnfO{ :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfsf] ;dfh k|fKt e};Sg] lyof] .
lj8Djgf dgf]ut rfxgf / sNkgfn] gx'“bf] /x]5 . j:t'ut l:ylt / ;r]t kxnsf]
cfjZostf kbf]{/x]5 .Æ kl/of/ cufl8 eGg'x'G5 –æqmflGt ljgf cfd"n kl/jt{g x'g
;Sb}g, ljrf/ / Jojxf/sf] klg Tolts} vf“rf] kbf]{/x]5 .Æ pxf“ k"j{b]lv klZrd;Dd
clwsf+z 7fp“df 3'ld;Sg' ePsf] 5 . To:t} hf]; 5 s=sdn;+u . pxf“ r'/] vfhf pBf]udf
sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 . pxf“ eGg'x'G5 –æb'Zdgk|ltsf] 3[0ff / cfqmf]z g} xf] hf]z k}bf
ug]{, Gofosf] aGb's af]Sg], hgd'lQm ;]gf;“u} n8\g hfg g;s] klg pBf]udf sfd
u/]sf] 5' . xfd|f] ;]gfnfO{ vfhf pTkfbg u/L ;xof]u ug{ kfPsf] 5' .Æ pxf“
b'Zdgk|lt cfqmf]z JoQm ub}{ eGg'x'G5 –æb'Zdgn] h]ndf lbPsf oftgf ;lDem“bf
b'Zdgsf SofDkd} uP/ xltof/ k8\sfp“g eGg] nfU5 .Æ

æd o'jfx?sf]
dfemdf kfp“bf cfkm'nfO{ o'jf g} ;DemG5' Æ cfhef]ln /fhgLlts e]63f6, 5nkmndf lgs}
Jo:t /xg'ePsf s=s]z/ kxf8L k|foM oxL eGg'x'G5, o"jfx?sf] e]63f6df . To:t} zx/L
If]qdf cToGt} ;lqmotfsf ;fy qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/nfO{ cufl8 a9fO/xg' ePsf csf{
hf]lznf j'4 x'g'x'G5 –e/t k|;fO{ . g]kfnu+h gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v s=k|;fO{+sf]
s'[bfO{ / sfd u/fO{sf] j]unfO{ o'jfx?n] kqmg r'gf}lt g} 5 . To:t}u/L ;xsf/Lsf]
ljsf; / lj:tf/df nfUg'ePsf s=;'lbk, hgpBf]usf] ljsf;df nfUg' ePsf s=/fhLj
nufotsf] hf]; hf“u/ nugnfO{ klg ;a}n] l;Sg h?/L 5 .

hgo'4df k|ToIf ;xefuL
ePsf dfq xf]Og alb{of sfltsf lgjf;L (^ jifL{o a[4 sf]Snf] yf? eGg'x'G5 –æ/f0ff
zf;g, k+rfot b]Vof}+ / ef]Uof}+ t/ olt dfG5] dfg]{ /fhf sf]xL klg cfPg . clxn]sf
/fhfn] t cfkm\g} bfh'sf] kl/jf/ g} df:of] hgtfsf] Sof dtnj eof] / hlt d/] klg .Æ
yf?n] ljut ;Dem“b} eGg'eof] –æclxn] kf6L{n] /fd|f] gLlt NofPsf] 5, clxn] t w]/}
km/s ePsf] 5 . hldGbf/sf] sfd Ps jvf{df !% lbg ug'{kb{Yof], vfgf cfkm\g} vfP/ .
cfh To:tf] 5}g\ . k'ln;n] wDsfp“y] Tof] klg x6]sf] 5 . oxL kf6L{n] lhtf];\ xfd|f
lbg uP klg s]6fs]6Ln] ;'v kfpnfg .Æ

o:tf y'k|}
j[4–j[4fx?sf] ;xeflutf / ;lqmoftfn] gof“ k':tfnfO{ cyfxf pT;fx / ;fx; k}bf
u/fO/x]sf] 5 . of] o'jfx?sf] lglDt k|]/0ff xf] . r'gf}lt klg xf] .

a]nfavtsf s'/f

nf]stflGqs
u0ftGqsf] k|;j–j]bgf

)
8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{

g]kfndf @#& jif{ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] clGtd lbguGtL z'? ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL–;+;bjfbL bf]>f] ;dembf/L cg'?k ut r}q @$ ut]af6 z'? ePsf] b]zJofkL cfd
x8tfn, cj1f cfGbf]ng / j[xb\ hgk|bz{g ;lxtsf] /fhtGqlj/f]wL cfGbf]ngn] ca
;f“lRrs} hgcfGbf]ngsf] ?k lnPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx? / ;+;bjfbL bnx?åf/f
cfx\jfg ul/Psf] of] cfGbf]ngdf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?, jlsn, kqsf/, 8fS6/, Ol~hlgo/
nufotsf k]zfut ;+u7gx?b]lv lnP/ hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?, hftLo tyf If]qLo df]rf{x?,
gful/s ;dfh / cfd hg;d'bfosf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfn] o;nfO{ @))& ;fn / @)$^ ;fnsf]
eGbf pRrsf]l6sf] cfGbf]ngdf ?kfGt/0f ug{] / To;n] ;fdGtL /fhtGqnfO{ h/}b]lv
pv]n]/ kmfNg] k|jn ;Defjgf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . k/Gt' Ps o'udf Psrf]6L cfpg] o:tf
P]ltxfl;s 38Lx? lgs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g'sf] ;fy;fy} ljleGg ck|Toflzt 3'DtL /
ptf/r9fjaf6 u'h|g klg afWo x'G5g\ . lsgls Oltxf;sf] ult ;/n /]vfdf geP/
jt{'nfsf/df cl3 a9\b5 / u'0ffTds kl/jt{gsf] l;nl;nfdf x'g] k'/fgf] lg/Gt/tfdf
qmde+utfn] dxfg\ ljklQ, eLif0f sDkg / eofgs k|;j j]bgfsf] l;h{gf klg ub{5 .
To;}n] g]kfnL /fhtGqsf] cGTo / nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] hGdsf] of] k"j{;GWofdf
cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx?n] s]xL cxd\ dxTjsf k|Zgx?df Wofg s]lGb|t ug{' cToGt h?/L 5 .

;j{k|yd, cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx? s] s'/fdf ljNs'n} k|i6 /xg h?/L 5 eg] P]ltxfl;s
?kn] ;fdGtjfb, k“"hLjfb / ;dfhjfb aLr lqkIfLo åGb rln/x]sf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf
k"“hLjfbL / ;dfhjfbL zlQmx? Pstfa4 ge}sg ;fGtjfbsf] k"0f{ pGd'ng u/]/ k"“hLjfbL
hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ ;Dej 5}g . xfd|f] h:tf] cw{–;fdGtL tyf cw{–cf}klgj]lzs
kl/j]zdf k"“hLjfbsf] rl/q d"ntM bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k|s[ltsf] x'g] ePsfn] To;sf]
7"nf] lx:;fn] xd]zf ;fdGtjfb;“u u7aGwg ug{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5 / To;leqsf] ;fgf]
/fli6«o k"“hLjfbL tKsf PSn}n] k"“hLjfbL hgjfbL qmflGtnfO{ tflTjs lgisif{;Dd
k'¥ofpg] ;fdYo{ /fVb}g . csf{]lt/ jt{dfg Psn–w'|jLo ;fd|fHojfbL ljZjdf ;dfhjfbL
Wo]o /fVg] ;j{xf/fju{ PSn}nfO{ qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj u/]/ ljho;Dd k'Ug
;fd|fHojfbLx?n] 7"nf] jfwf–Jojwfg v8f ub{5g\ . of] l:yltdf k"“hLklt ju{ /
;j{xf/f ju{ b'j}sf] ;femf b'Zdg ;fdGtjfb;+u n8\g b'j}n] Ps csf{;“u ljleGg
k|s[ltsf] xft]dfnf] cyf{t ;dembf/L, sfo{ut Pstf, ;+o'Qm df]rf{ OToflb ug{'
b'j}sf] lglDt P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf / jfWotf xf] . g]kfndf P]ltxfl;s lx;fan] /fhtGq
g} ;fdGtjfbsf] d"n gfOs] x'gfn] /fhtGqsf] cGTo gu/L ;fdGtjfbsf] cGTo x'g ;Sb}g,
en} /fhtGqsf] cGTo x'“b}df ;fdGtjfbsf] k"0f{ cGTo x'g]5 eg] s'g} Uof/]G6L klg
5}g . oxL s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub{} / @))& ;fnb]lvsf] k"“hLjfbL nf]stflGqs
cfGbf]ngsf] cg'ejdfly ;d]t ljrf/ ub{} ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_
/ ;ft ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x?n] /fhtGqsf] lj?4df !@–a'“b] ;dembf/L sfod u/]/ cl3 a9\g]
tTk/tf b]vfPsf x'g\ . ToxL !@–a'“b] ;dembf/Ls} Jojxfl/s cleJolQm clxn]sf]
b]zJofkL cfGbf]ng xf] . of] tYonfO{ tf]8df]8, Go"gLs/0f, ei6Ls/0f u/]/ jt{dfg
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ck]lIft p“rfO / uGtJo;Dd k'¥ofpg} ;lsGg . ;a} ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbL
zlQmx?n] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df ;aeGbf ulx/f];+u cfTd;ft ug{'kg{] / Jojxf/df nfu"
ug{'kg{] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ ljifo g} oxL xf] .

o;sf] ljk/Lt h;/L s]xL ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf] g]t[Tjn] hgcfGbf]ng s]xL p7]sf] b]Vg]
lalQs} clt xf}l;P/ / km'ls{P/ of] cfGbf]ng cfkm" PSn}n] xf“s]sf] / o;df
dfcf]jfbL zlQmsf] s'g} 5fof“;d]t gk/]sf] jf kg{ glbPsf] eGg] ;jf{lws cjfl~5t,
c;To / xflgsf/s s'/f ul//x]5g\ . To;n] qmdzM pef/lt/ uO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngdf lr;f]
kfgL vGofpg] vt/f a9]/ uPsf] 5 . vf;u/L r}q @& ut]b]lv cfd x8tfnnfO{ clglZrt
sfn;Dd hf/L /fVg]af/] b'j} kIfaLr ePsf] ;dembf/L ljk/Lt ;ft kf6L{åf/f hf/L
lj1lKtdf dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] e"ldsfsf] s'g} pNn]v gx'g' / of] cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfbL
kIf d'sbz{s dfq /x]sf] xf] ls eGg] unt ;Gb]z ;Dk]|if0f ul/g'n] cfd hg;d'bfosf]
qmflGtsf/L efjgf / pT;fxdf rf]6 k'Ug' :jfefljs ePsf] 5 . bz jif{sf] qmflGtsf/L
hgo'4af6 vfl/Psf] d"ntM ul/a ls;fg, dhb'/, dlxnf, blnt, hghflt, pTkLl8t If]qsf
hgtf o'jf–ljBfyL{ / lgDg–k"“hLklt ju{sf] 7"nf] lx:;f ;lqmotfk"j{s of] cfGbf]ngdf
gxf]ldPsf] eP o;n] olt l56} of] ultdf ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] g} lyPg . ut d+l;/df
!@–a'“b] ;dembf/L eP otfsf] cfGbf]ng / To;cl3sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ t'ngf u/]/ x]g{]
hf] s;}n] of] s'/f ;lhn} b]Vg / a'‰g ;S5 . clxn] ljleGg zx/x?df ePsf
hgk|bz{gx?df u|fdL0f hg;d'bfosf] cToflws ;xeflutf /x]sf] tYon] klg o;nfO{ k'li6
ub{5 . dfcf]jfbL;“u !@–a'“b] ;dembf/L sfod ePkl5 dfq} ;+;bjfbL bnx?k|lt zxl/of
hg;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfhsf] wf/0ff klg qmdzM ;sf/fTds aGb} uPsf] xf] eGg] csf{]
lttf] oyfy{ xf] . of] lhp“bf] ;TonfO{ cf]em]ndf kfb{} …vf]nf] t¥of] nf}/f]
lj:of{]Ú sf] z}nLdf dfcf]jfbL qmfltsf/Lx?sf] cxd\ e"ldsfnfO{ k"/} n'sfpg] k|oTg
olb st}af6 x'G5 eg] To;n] cfGbf]ngsf] lxt k6Ss} ub{}g / To;nfO{ eLif0f
/Qm:gfgsf] clUgk/LIff kf/ u/]/ cfPsf ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf/Lx? / cfd hg;d'bfon]
r'krfk ;xg ug{] k|Zg} p7\b}g . lglZrt ?kdf dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx? PSn}n] of]
cfGbf]ng xf“s]sf 5g\ jf xf“Sg ;S5g\ eGg] xfd|f] bfjL 5}g, t/ h] ;TotYo xf] /
b'j} kIfsf] e"ldsf h]hlt xf] To;af/] hg;d'bfo lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;';"lrt eO/fVg' kb{5 /
To;n] dfq cfGbf]ngdf lg/Gt/ phf{ k}bf ul//fV5 eGg] xfd|f] egfO xf] .

hxf“;Dd d08n] k|]tfTdfx? sdn yfkf / >Lif zdz]/x?n] cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfbL
…3';k}7Úsf] xf}jf rnfPsfn] To;sf] k|lt/Iff :j?k dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] e"ldsfnfO{
n'sfpg vf]lhPsf] xf] jf cd]l/sfnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x?nfO{ v'zL /fVg
To;f] ug{'k/]sf] xf] eGg] sltkosf] ts{ 5, Tof] cToGt} c/fhgLlts, cg}lts /
cnf]stflGqs x'gsf] ;fy;fy} unt /fhgLlts lrGtgsf] kl/rfos klg xf] . ;+ljwfg,
sfg'g, d"NodfGotf ;a}nfO{ gf+uf] ;}Goandf s'Nr]/ zfxL ;}Go kmf;Ljfbsf] cEof;
ug{] ;fdGtL b/afl/of lu/f]xnfO{ rflx+ ;+j}wflgs / j}w 7fGg], t/ Tof] kmf;Ljfbsf]
k|lt/f]w ug{] hgtfsf] zlQmnfO{ rflx+ …cft+sjfbLÚ b]Vg] b[li6sf]0fs} sf/0fn] of]
l:ylt pAh]sf] xf] . clxn] ;Qf sAhf u/]/ a;]sf] xTof/f lu/f]xnfO{ of] jf pm
axfgfdf …j}wÚ7fGg] lalQs} p;sf] ljk/Lt w'|jdf plePsf dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{
…cj}wÚ 7fGg' :jfefljs x'G5 . of] eo+s/ b[li6sf]0faf6 d'Qm geP;Dd ;+;bjfbL
bnx?nfO{ ;Qf;Lg d0n]x?sf] cufl8 xd]zf /IffTds agfO g} /fV5 / To;/L /IffTds klg
/x];Dd pgLx?sf] xftdf /fhgLlts kxn slxNo klg cfp“b}g . a? clxn]sf] w/ftnLo oyfy{
s] xf] eg] cfGbf]ng b]ze/ ;+o'Qm alg;s]sf] 5 / dfcf]jfbL / ;+;bjfbL bnsf
sfo{stf{x? sf“wdf sf“w ldnfP/ /fhtGqsf lj?4 cfGbf]ngsf] df]rf{df lel8/x]sf 5g\ .
cfGbf]ngn] ult kqmg'sf] d"n sf/0f oxL xf] / cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfsf] s'“hL klg oxL
xf] . of] j:t'ut oyfy{nfO{ cfTdut 9+un] :jLsf/]/ ;f]xL cg'?k cfGbf]ngnfO{ PsLs[t
/ ;+o'Qm agfpg' g} clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf] ljk/Lt kmfl;i6 d08n] tTjx? /
ltgsf ljb]zL dflnsx?sf] 8/n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ PsLs[t x'g glbg ;+;bjfbL bnx?sf]
g]t[Tjn] clxn] h:t} 9'nd'n] / bf]wf/] gLlt ckgfO/x] eg] To;sf] kl/0ffd cjZo klg
;'vb x'g] 5}g . To;}n] ca xfdLn] uj{;fy / lgw{Ss;fy eGg ;Sg'kb{5 –;Dk"0f{
/fhtGqlj/f]wL nf]stflGqs zlQmx? Ps xf}+ †

cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] Wofg lbg'kg{] csf{] dxtjk"0f{ s'/f nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf]
gf/fnfO{ :ki6 / l;wf efiffdf cl3 ;fg{' xf] . clxn] b]zdf cfGbf]ngn] of] tLj| ult
/ eLif0f ?k lnPsf] /fhtGq lj?4sf] o'uf}+b]lvsf] cfqmf];sf] cleJolQm xf] . @))&
;fnb]lv /fhtGqn] af/Daf/ hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbPsf] / ;Lldt nf]stGqsf] ;d]t xTof
u/]sf] x'gfn] g} ljutdf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] e|ddf /x]sf dfG5]x? ;d]t ca
nf]stflqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . lxhf];Dd /fhtGqnfO{ Pstfsf] k|lts dfGg]
7"n} ;d"x ca /fhtGqnfO{ /fli6«o Pstfsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] afws dfGg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf
5g\ . sf+u|];h:tf] nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] /fhtGqjfbL kf6L{sf jx';+Vos g]tf / sfo{stf{
;d]t ca u0ftGqjfbL alg;s]sf 5g\ . clxn] d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd ;8sdf nfu]sf gf/fx?
;'Gg] / x]g{] dfq xf] eg] klg b]z ca u0ftGqdo alg;s]sf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf /xGg .
ca klg ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf h:tf] yf]qf] / Dofb l;l4Psf] cf}ifwL h:tf] gf/f af]s]/
cfGbf]ngnfO{ pTsif{ / ;kmntfsf] laGb';Dd k'¥ofpg} ;lsGg . To;}n] ;s];Dd l;w}
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq geP sd;]sd ;+ljwfg–;efdfkm{t\ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] Ps ;"qLo
gf/f lbg k6Ss} l9nf ug{' x'Gg .

b]zdf ca nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] rL/ k|tLlIft lzz' hGdg] qmd z'? eO;s]sf] 5 . clxn]
b]vf k/]sf s]xL ;d:ofx? To;df :jfefljs k|;j–j]bgf dfq x'g\ / To;af6 sf]xL klg
cflQg / 8/fpg h?/L 5}g . /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] g]t[Tjn] s'zn ;'8]gLsf] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug{] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . ca klg @))& ;fn / @)$^ ;fndf em}+ /fhtGqsf] cGTo
gu/L aLr}df ;Demf}tf u/]/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lzz'nfO{ t'xfpg] sfd s;}n] u5{
eg] To;nfO{ 7]nfuf8fdf r9fP/ zx/ 3'dfpg] tof/ clxn]b]lv ug{}k5{ . vf;u/L ljleGg
kf6L{x? leqsf ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbLx?n] o;af/] pRr ;ts{tf ckgfpg} k5{ . @)^# sf]
cfudg;“u} nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] :jfut ug{] tof/L u/f}+ .

@)^@ r}q @(

;DkfbsLo

b]z
u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf

@)^@ ;fnsf]
hgcfGbf]ng ca pTsif{lt/ cl3 a9\b}5 . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;d]t la;f{pg]
u/L 8fS6/, Ol~hlgo/, dfgj clwsf/jfbL, kqsf/, jlsn, sd{rf/L, dhb'/, lzIfs,
ljBfyL{x? lg/+s'z zfxL ;Qfn] nufPsf] sºo{', lgif]wf1fnfO{ tf]8\b}, jlnbfgLefjsf
;fy cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ;xefuL eO/x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] 3';k}7sf] axfgfdf lg/+s'z
zfxL ;Qfn] cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? dfly bdg s:b} nlu/x]sf] 5 . h;n] cfGbf]ngsf] cfuf]df
£o" yKg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

aGb'ssf]
andf l6s]sf] zfxL ;Qf hgtfn] rnfPsf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng / hfoh dfunfO{ pk]Iff
ul//x]sf] 5 . lgxTyf hgtfdfly an k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 . zflGtk"0f{ hgfGbf]ngsf]
bf}/fgdf dfq} rf/ hgfn] zxfbt k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg] ;of}+ 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .
lu/ºtf/Lsf] ;+Vof xhf/f}+ k'lu;s]sf] 5 . zfxL ;Qfsf dGqLx? sºo{'sf] cj1f
ug{]x?nfO{ uf]nL xfGg] cfb]z v'n]cfd lbO/x]sf 5g\, t/ nfvf}+ hgtf ltgsf
cfb]znfO{ j]jf:tf ub{} ;8sdf plq/x]sf 5g\ . zfxL ;Qfsf] bdg / x7sf sf/0f
cfGbf]ngnfO{ pTsif{df k'¥ofpg ;3fp k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5, zfxL ;Qfsf ;~rfnsx? 3[0ffkfq
aGb}5g\ . hgefjgfsf] sb/ ub{} hgwgsf] sdeGbf sd Iflt u/fpg zfxL zf;sx?n]
hgtfnfO{ ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug{ l9nfO gu/] x'G5 . hgtfsf] cfjfh / tfutnfO{ zfxL ;Qfn]
y'Gg, /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g . cj;fgsf] hlt lgs6 5 Tolt g} xTof, bdgsf] >[v+nfnfO{
a9fpg'n] zfxL ;Qfsf ;~rfnsx?n] clGtd cj:yfdf tLg xft hldg lbg ;d]t hgtfnfO{ bof
knfpg] 7fp“ /fv]sf 5}gg\ .

clxn] g @))& ;fn xf], g @)!& ;fn, g @)$^ ;fn g} .
@)^@ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng rnfp“bf !% jif{;Dd ;+;bLo cEof; u/]sf] cg'ej dfq hgtf;“u
5}g, dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] !) jif{sf] cg'ej ;d]t 5 . zx/L Onfsfdf cfkm\gf] k|efj
/x]sf ;ft ;+;bjfbL bn / k|foM ;a} u|fdL0f If]qdf cfkm\gf] sAhf hdfPsf] dfcf]jfbL
zlQmaLr /fhgLlts ;dembf/L sfod ePsf] 5, zfxL ;Qflj?4 n8\g .

oL b'O{ zlQmn] ;+3if{sf] andf zfxL ;QfnfO{ s]xL
lbgdf 9fNg ;Sg] Ifdtf /fV5g\ . d'VotM clxn]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d]t
xf] eGg ;+;bjfbL g]tfx? cem} lsg lxlRsrfO/x]sf x'g < o;n] hgtfdf /fd|f] ;Gb]z
uO/x]sf] 5}g . hgtf clxn] dfcf]jfbL / ;+;bjfbL ldn]/ sfo{qmd lbPsf] xf] eg]/
v'n]/ elgof];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . oL b'O{ kIf ldn]sf] eg]s}n] hgfGbf]ng pTsif{lt/
hf“b}5 .

s]xL ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?sf] eg] /fhf;“u ;+emf}tfk/:t
?emfg /fv]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . cfGbf]ng;“u} To:tf k|j[lQx? ;txdf b]lvg ;'? u/]sf
5g\ . ltgLxnfO{ hgtfsf aLrdf gª\ofp“b} cfGbf]ngnfO{ tLj| kfg{ h?/L 5 . clwsf+z
o'jf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?n] zfxL ;Qfsf] sºo{' / lgif]wf1f dfq tf]8]sf 5}gg\ sltko
cfkm\gf ;+emf}tfk/:t g]tfx?sf] lgb{]zgnfO{ ;d]t cj1f u/]sf 5g\ . ltgLx?n] u0ftGq
If]q 3f]if0ff ul//x]sf 5g\ . tL cu|ufdL r]t ePsf hgtf / g]tfx?sf] of] sfo{nfO{
;Ddfg ug{}k5{ . g]t[Tj txdf dfq xf]Og lhNnf:t/df sltko g]tfx? hgtfnfO{ ;8sdf
cfpg /f]ls/x]sf 5g\ . ;8sdf plqPsf hgtf g]t[TjljxLg ag]sf 5g\, o;/L sltko
kf6L{sf] g]tfx?n] ljleGg kf6L{sf em08f d'lg a;]/ /fhtGqsf] ;]jfdf cfkm"nfO{
;dlk{t ul//x]sf 5g\ . vf;u/L clxn] To:tf] k|j[lQ Pd=jL / Pdfn]sf s]xL g]t[Tjdf
:ki6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ltgLx?n] cfkm}nfO{ tTsfn ;RrfPgg\ eg] 1fg]Gb| kf/;;“u}
pgLx?sf] klg cj;fg lglZrt 5 . ;+emf}tf ug{] d'8df hgtf b]lv+b}+gg\ .

dfcf]jfbLn]
/fhtGqsf] h/f sf6\g] u/L h'g sfo{qmd NofPsf] 5, o;nfO{ Ko"7fg, bfª, kfNkf,
lrtjg, u'NdL, kf]v/fnufot ljleGg 7fp“df hgcg'df]bg ;d]t ePsf] 5 . ;+;bjfbL
kf6L{n] klg oxL :t/sf] sfo{qmd Nofpg lxlRsrfpg x'Gg . hgtf u0ftGqeGbf tn
;+emf}tf ug{ tof/ b]lvb}gg\ . u0ftGqsf] gf/fdf ;a} kIf cfPdf cfGbf]ng cem ;zQm
aGg] s'/fdf z+sf 5}g . gf/fsf] c:ki6tfn] pTsif{df k'u]sf] cfGbf]ng t'lxg] vt/f
/lx/xG5 .

cledt

/jLGb|–cg's"nsf]
e08fkmf]/df hf/L jQmJox?

) k|tLs, O~rfh{, s]Gb|Lo
cg'udg ;ldlt, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_

!= dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;+rfng u/]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 o'ufGtsf/L lg0f{osf ;fy
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] cToGt ;+uLg df]8df k'uL hgo'4 / ljb|f]xsf] km\o'hgsf]
/0fg}lts cEof;nfO{ pTsif{df k'¥ofpg, Jofks hg ljb|f]xdf ptfg{ hdsf]{ ul//x]sf] 5
. dfn]dfjfbnfO{ l;h{gfTds 9+un] ju{ ;+3if{s]f e6\6Ldf k|of]u ub}{ hf+bf ljsl;t
k|r08kyLo ljrf/n] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] e"–d08nLs[t /fHo Joj:yf / To;sf]
if8\oGqdf l6s]sf] ;fdGtL gfOs] 1fg] zfxLsf] kmf;LjfbL sbdnfO{ PSNofpb}÷gËofpb}
lg0f{ofTds k|xf/df lgzfgf s]Gb|Lt u/]sf] 5 . k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] :yfkgfsf] lglDt
;ft /fhg}lts bnx?;“u klxnf] !@ a+'b] / bf];|f] ;dembf/L To;}sf] s8Lsf ?kdf lng
;lsG5 .

@= o:tf] kl/l:ylt /
;+3if{ 3lge"t sfo{qmds} k"j{ ;GWofdf tyfslyt Ægof+ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtÆsf] gfdaf6
ul/Ps]f em'l;nf] 8sf/ ug]{ /jLGb| / dl0f yfkfsf] )^@ kmfNu'g @( ut]sf] ;fj{hlgs
ul/Psf] slyt ckLnnfO{ s]Gb|Lo cg'udg ;ldltn] cToGt} lgGbgLo, u2f/L /
k|ltqmflGtsf/L lqmofsnfksf] 3f]/ eT;{gf ub{5 . ;f] ckLnaf/] xfd|f] kf6L{
x]8Sjf6/sf] tkm{af6 )^@ r}q ! ut] hf/L jStJo dfkm{t /jLGb| / dl0f yfkfnfO{
kf6L{, qmflGtk|ltsf] ljZjf;3ft / euf}8f, sfo/ / u2f/L ub}{ lg/+s'z /fhtGq /
k|ltqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ /fhg}lts lgZsif{;lxt lgZsf;gsf] j}1flgs lg0fo{nfO{
xflb{s / b[9tfk"j{s ;dy{g ub{5 .

#= xfd|f] kf6L{sf ;jf]{Rr
g]tf tyf ;'lk|d sdf08/ cWoIf s=k|r08 / kf6L{sf jl/i7 g]tf s=afa'/fd e6\/fO{sf
lj?4 ul/Psf b'ik|rf/ / lgs[i6 ufnL unf}hsf] 3|[0ff lt/isf/ ub}{ qmflGtsf] 3lge"t
cj:yfdf k}bf x'g] cj;/jfb / z'4Ls/0fsf] dxfg cleofgsf] sr8f(bi-product)
sf] ?kdf lng
pko'{Qm 7fGb5 .

$= o;nfO{ /jLGb|sf]
bnfnL, rfs8L, 3'sL{{, 3DsL, cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfb, dxTjfsf+Iff, cx+sf/, ;GsL /
c/fhstfsf] cltjfbn] jfdvf]n cf]8]sf] blIf0fk+y x+'b} lj;h{g / dl0f yfkfsf] 3f]/
lg/fzf, s'07f / knfogn] blIf0fk+yL ljrng ;lxt lj;h{gdf k'u]sf] 7fGb5 .

%= /jLGb| / dl0f yfkf
kf6L{, qmflGt / ;lxbx? k|lt wf]sf / u2f/L ub}{ k|r08kynfO{ cfkm\gf] lglxt :jfy{
cg's"ntfdf k|of]u ug]{ ;Defjgf qmflGtsf] pRrtfn] d]l6lbPsfn] lkk] vl6/f jf
lknf]sf] ?kdf km'6]sf] / To;sf] e|ddf sf]xL gkg]{ ;fy} To;vfnsf k|j[ltsf lj?4
kf6L{leq vl6/f lgrf]g{] To;sf h/fx? sf6\g] j}rfl/s ;+3if{nfO{ tLj| kfb}{ euf}8f
k|ltqmflGtsf/L rl/qsf] e08fkmf]/ ug'{ g}lts bfloTj 7fGb5 .

kf6Lsf] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] l;4fGt / dxfg ax;sf]
k|lqmofdf hfg cfkm\gf dtleGgtf kf6L{df bh{ u/fpg cfu|x ubf{ s=cWoIfn] ckgfpg'
ePsf] ;+odtfk"0f{ Jojxf/ To; cg'?ksf] k|lqmofnfO{ cj;/jfbL Sofl/l/oi6x?n]
sdhf]/L 7fGb} ljrng / knfogs} k|lqmof ckgfpg'n] pgLx?sf] sfo/tf lj;h{g /
u2f/LnfO{ g} k'li6 ub{5 . To;k|sf/sf k|j[lt lj?4 lgd{dtfk"j{s ;+3if{ ub}{
cfkm\gf ljk/Ltx?;“u klg ;+3if{ u/L c? :kfltnf] aGg] z'4Ls/0fsf] dxfcleofgdf
b[9tfk"j{s nfUg k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{} ;a}df ;f]xL ckLn ul/G5 .

) bf];|f] l8lehgsf sld;f/ s=;Gtf]if / sdf08/
s=/fh]z

s]xL lbgcl3 kf6{L{ nfOg /
k2ltlj?4 c/fhgLlts, c/fhs / ;gsL cfr/0f k|bZf{g ug]{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? s=/jLGb| /
s=cg's"nnfO{ kf6L{n] lgnDjg u/]sf] lyof] . cfkm\nf] ljdlthGo s'/fx? eP k2lt;Ddt
t/jn] kf6L{df d}lqk"0f{ cGt/; ;+3if{ rnfpg] kf6L{sf] ;Nnfx ljk/Lt pxf“x?n]
;fj{hlgs ?kd} kf6L{ qmflGtlj?4 ljifjdg u/]/ k|ltqmlGtsf] dltof/ ag]sf] k'i6\ofO{
ub}{ jStJojfhL u/]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ldl8ofdfkm{t ;'Gg kfOof] .

lghx?sf] jQmJodf hgd'lQm
;]gf ;d]tnfO{ pgLx?n] c/fhgLlts / JolQmjfbL :jfy{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg clkn
ul/Psf] ;'Gbf xfd|f] l8lehgdf xf“;f] k}bf ePsf] 5 . 36gfsf] tTsfn k|ltlqmof:j?k
sDkgL, j6flnog, la|u]8x?n] pSt jQmJosf] eT;{gf ul/Psf] jQmJox? k|sflzt u/L
l8lehg sfo{nodfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs ug{ dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 . pk/f]Qm cfu|xnfO{ ;d]t
dWogh/ u/L k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] dltof/ ag]sf qmflGtsf euf}8f lgh /jLGb| /
cg's"nsf] jQmJojfhLsf] cfkm\gf] kmd]{zg cGt/ut s;}nfO{ klg e|ddf gkg{ hg;d'bfodf
klg kg{;Sg] e|dnfO{ ;fkm ug{ j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts sfo{nfO{ klg cl3 a9fpg xfdL
cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5f}+ .

;femf–d~r

aNn hut
hfUof]

) vu]Gb|
;+uf}+nf

æn xfg\
uf]nLÆ, /fhwfgLsf] uf]ªua'df nf]stGqsf /ªuLg ;kgfsf] v]tL ug{ lg:s]sf] pQ]lht /
pT;flxt ;d"xsf Pshgf :jKgzLn o'jfn] eg], æxfdL ;lxb aGg tof/ 5f}+ .Æ 36gf lxhf]
5f8L cl:t r}q @^ ut] k'/fgf] k|hftGq lbj;sf] xf] . h/fhL0f{ eO{ d[To'z}ofdf lbg
uGtL ul//x]sf] cflbd zf;gnfO{ Pskl5 csf{] 8f]h sf]/fldg 7]n]/} eP klg clnGh]n
l3l6l36L arfpg] xb} xtf; / eoft'/ dfgl;stf ;fy ;Qfn] sºo{' cfb]z 7]Nof] . of]
cfb]zsf] tf/f] nf]stGqsf] lIflth p3fg{ ;ft bnsf] cfJxfgdf /fhwfgLdf ;nxsf]
ayfgem} cf]Ol/g] cbDo hg;ef lyof] . cfb]zsf] cj1f ug{ h;n] cf“6 u5{ p;nfO{ g/ddf
gf/sLo sf/fjf; / s7f]/df tftf uf]nLsf] pkxf/ lbOg] s'/f o;} k|:6 lyof] . tyflk
uf]ª\ua'df hfu]sf gful/sx?n] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf /fhzfxLsf] lg/Lx sl/of aGg
xfSsfxfSsL OGsf/ u/] . ls d'lQm ls d[To'–ud vfP/, a'em]/ / s7f]/ ;ª\sNk u/]/
hLjgdf ltgn] oL b'O{ ljsNk /f]h] . sºo{' eg]sf] sfnsf] kof{o xf], of] s'?k ;To
ltgnfO{ /fd|};“u yfxf gePsf] xf]Og . ;fd'Gg]df ;}lgs hjfgx? ;ªuLg r9fOPsf /fOkmn
af]s]/ s;nfO{ bfu'“ s;nfO{ bfu'“ ub{} plePsf lyP . t/ ;Qfjf;L d[To'sf cys
lzsf/Lx?sf ;gssf d'v]GhL lgxTyf o'jfx?sf lz/ nlqPgg\ . ltgn] c;lxi0f' zf;gtGqsf]
gUg / lgn{Hh cfqmd0fsf] 86]/ ;fdgf u/] . / uuge]bL uh{gsf] efsfdf hªunL ;QfnfO{
ltgn] 7f8f] r'gf}tL lbP, æn xfg\ uf]nL===Æ

zfxL aGb's xRs]/ kl5 x6\of] . o'jfx?n] ljhoL d'b|fdf cl3 ;/]/ lg/ªs'z zf;ssf]
k'tnf bxg u/] . o;/L nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df o; d'n'sdf klxnf] k6s
sfn?kL ljs/fn sºo{' £ofRr} tf]l8of] . dnfO{ nfUof], r}q @^ ut] vfnL sfuhsf] Pp6f
kGgf xf] h;df gof“ g]kfnsf] uf}/jdo Oltxf; n]Vg] ;fwgfsf] ;f“lRr g} yfngL ePsf]
5 . s'/f uf]ªua'sf] dfq xf]Og . /fhwfgLsf gfgfjnL rf]s / gfsfx?df :jtGqtf /
:jfwLgtfsf cleoGtfx?n] Hofg xTs]nfdf /fv]/ sk6o'Qm sºo{' cfb]zsf] cj1f u/] .
/fhb/af/sf] uh'/d'lGt/ afuahf/sf] v'nf ;8sdf dWofGxsf] tKt 3fddf Pdfn] clvnsf
o'jf gfos lvdnfn e§/fO{ ;a}eGbf klxn] zgsf ;fy em'lNsP . pgsf ;fydf lyP pgsf
;xof]4f 7fs'/ u}/] . csf{] gfsfdf rdTsfl/s JolQmTj ePsf cf“wLt'No uug yfkf
cfkm\gf] ;fxl;s u0f;lxt 5ftL vf]n]/ xflh/ eP . ;r]t, :jfledfgL / eod'Qm oL
o'jfx?n] cfkm\gf sl:;Psf d'¶L xfjfdf p7fP . / rf]/ sf}jfnfO{ t;f{pg ds}af/Ldf
6f“luPsf a'Vof“rfh:tf kfqx?af6 ag]sf] zfxL dGqL kl/ifb\sf cWoIfsf] gfj} sf8]/
r/fr/ huTn] ;'Gg] u/L ltgn] gf/f nufP . d'bf{jfb÷lhGbfjfbdf nf]stGqsf] cf;Gg
ljhosf] dw'/ u'Ghg Wjlgt ePsf] d}n] 68\sf/} ;'g]“ .

of] r}q @^ ut]sf] w]/} cy{df dnfO{ 5ofnL; ;fnsf] r}q @^ ut]sf] ;Demgf u/fof] .
of] ;Demgf d]/f nflu k|Llts/ / ;'vb 5 . sLlt{k'/jf;Lx? x's'dL zf;g;“u ;f]em}
cf“vf h'wfp“b} ;8sdf s'“8'nf] nfu] . ha d[To'sf] rfª af]s]/ ;]gfsf] aVt/aGb uf8L
cfkm"lt/ cfof], ltgn] ;8sdf ;'t]/ d[To'sf] af6f] 5]s] . cyfx zlQm ePsf]
zflGtk"0f{ cj1fsf] of] Ps cAan pbfx/0f lyof] . zfxL hjfgx?n] ha anft\ k]Ng
vf]h], sLlt{k'/jf;Lx? ljlRsPsf] cl/ªufnsf] uf]nf]em} ltgdfly ‰jfDd} vlgP .
aGb's] o'jfx?;“u} bdgsf/L ;Qfn] 6f+ud'lg k'R5/ n'sfP/ 6fk s:of] . clg hf];\ /
dgf]jn r'lnPsf jL/–jL/fª\ugfx?n] sLlt{k'/nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{ gfdsf c;'/IffsdL{af6
d'Qm If]q 3f]lift u/] . p;}u/L ptf pQfn 5fnx?em}+ pln{Psf] kf6g 5ofnL; ;fndf
h:t} nf]stflGqs If]q 3f]lift eof] .

o;cl3
h'n';, gf/fafhL, ;ef / cj1fsf] cleofgdf k|foM bnsf yf]/}ltgf g/gf/Lx?dfq b]lvGy]
. t/ ca Tof] sf?l0fs b[Zo kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . /fhwfgLsf jfn–j[4–jlgtf zg}zg} ;8sdf
cf]ln{/x]sf 5g\ . ‰ofndf x'g]x?n] dflyaf6 708f hn j[li6 u/]/ udL{n] wflkPsf jf
c>'Uof“;n] ;tfOPsf cfGbf]ngsdL{x?nfO{ qf0f lbg pbf/ xft a9fPsf 5g\ . k;njf;L jf
3/jf;Lx?n] ltgnfO{ n'sfP/ hf]ufpg] wd{sf] yfngL u/]sf 5g\ . s] >dhLjL s]
a'l4hLjL, s] df:6/ s] 8fS6/, s] kqsf/ s] cnkqsf/ ;a} Ps tfn, Psno / Ps w'gdf
cfGbf]ngdf phf{ / Hofg ;~rf/ ug{ v'nf 8anLdf nfda4 eO/x]sf 5g\ . Tof] klg
ck]Iffs[t ;'/lIft ofddf xf]Og, Hofgdf/f sºo{' tf]8]/ . of] 7§f xf]Og .

c3f]/L ;Qfsf] emf]nLdf ul/vfg] ;fwg k|tf8gf / uf]nLl;jfo ca s]xL /x]g . /f0ff
zf;gdfem}+ /fhfsf sdf/fsdf/L aGg gdfGg] g/gf/Lx? ha sºo{'nfO{ luHofpg aflx/
lg:s], zfxL hjfgx?af6 hut} s'l6of] . 3/sf 9f]sf kmf]/]/ ltgn] s'6] . k;nsf
Kof;]hdf k;]/ ltgn] s'6] . uNnLuNNldf l5/]/ ltgn] s'6] . n'?n'? lx+l8/x]sf
a6'jfnfO{ ltgn] s'6], cQflNnPsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ltgn] s'6] . hf] cufl8 k¥of], pm
ljgf ckjfb lg3f{t s'l6of] . of] ssd{ e|i6, b'i6, cdfgjLo / ktLt ;Qfsf] kl/rfos
xf] . o; kfnf s'6fO b]Vg]nfO{ cd"No lzIff k|fKt ePsf] 5 . Tof] s] xf] eg] zfxL
;Qf k/dwfd gxf]Gh]n;Dd o; d'n'sdf gful/ssf] ;'/Iff, cl:dtf / k|lti7fnfO{ st}
lsl~rtdfq klg 7fp“ x'g]5}g .

p;f] t /fhwfgLaflx/ ;fdGtjfbd'Qm gof“ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf] ?k/]vf sf]g{ p7]sf
xftx? sDtf hf]l;nf, hf“ul/nf / cf“l6nf 5}gg\ . dfwj g]kfnhLsf] efiffdf eg'“ eg]
lrtjg, kf]v/f / DofUbLdf k|ltufdL ;QfnfO{ xfjfsfjf v]nfpg] ;'gfdL cf“wL p7]sf] 5
. s'/f] a8f] /f]rs / /f]df~rs 5 . cfkm\gf] efUosf] dflns cfkm}+ aGg /x/ ug{]
lrtjgsf g/gf/Lx?n] /fh;L ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ gf/fo0fL gbL s6fP / zf;g–k|zf;gsf ;sn
c8\8f sAhf u/] . clg lblUjhosf] d'b|fdf ltgn] 3f]if0ff u/]– lrtjgdf cfh gful/s
/fhsf] jLhf/f]k0f eof] . hgzlQmsf] ho xf];\ †

o;aLr zfxL zf;gn] kf]v/fdf eLd;]g bfxfnsf] / lrtjgdf t'n;L If]qLnfO{ ;lxb
agfPsf] 5 . eg'“ eg] dfG5] dfg{' / d/fpg' t of] zf;gsf] lbgrof{ g} xf] . nfU5,
sf]xL st} gd/] ;Qfaf;Lx?nfO{ l/Qmtfaf]w x'G5 . ;s] lognfO{ nfUbf] xf], cfhsf]
lbg l;QLdf v]/ uof] . To;}n] hGdn] hªuaxfb'/ / ;+:sf/n] sf6\6Ls'6L >L # k|e'
elgg nfossf >Lif zdz]/ /f0ffnfO{ ;nf{xLdf Toqf] dfG5] dfl/Psf] 36gf ;fdfGo
nfUof] . g}lts b[li6n] x]g{ nfossf cg'xf/ gePsf o:tf vf]6f 6sx?sf nflu ;QfRo"t
x'g'afx]s s'g} 36gf klg c;fdfGo x'“b}g Sof/ . Oltxf;sf] aaG8/ a]u eG5–Tof]
c;dfGo 36gf ca plt b'/ 5}g .

oxf“g]/
dnfO{ sf7df8f}+ ljdfg3f6sf] cl:tsf lbgsf] Pp6f ;+jfbsf] ofb cfof] . rfxa]ndf
gful/s txsf Pshgf lu/L a:5g\ . yfO{ Po/j]hdf logsf] ;fgf] hflu/ 5 . sºo{'sf] sfn
5Nb} 6f]nsf] Pp6f uNnLdf n'v'/–n'v'/ lx+8\b} lyP“, oL lu/L;“u hDsfe]6 eof] .
dfG5] oL x]g{sf 8fn /S;Lsf] sfn eg]h:tf 5g\ . lbp;} bªu uGxfP . / uGwsf] ;'/df
gfgfef“tL cG6;G6 s'/f u/] . t/ cG6;G6sf] aLrdf logn] Pp6f cy{k"0f{ ;+jfb ;'gfP .
ljdfg3f6df P;kL nufotsf ;'/IffsdL{x? st} ysfO dfg{ a;]sf /x]5g\ . s'/}s'/}df Ps
dlxnf k|x/Ln] elg5g\ oL /fhfsf] tfn b]v]/ 5Ss} kl/of] af . /fhwfgLdf oqf] cfuf]
aln;Sof], cfkm" eg] cfgGb;“u kf]v/fdf ljbf a;]sf 5g\ .

ddtfdoL
k|ltt x'g] oL dlxnf k|x/Lsf] lrGtfdf lghfdtL / hªuL huTf\sf y'k|} k|x/L /
;}lgsx?sf] lrGtf af]n]sf] x'g'k5{ . /fhfsf] hf] cfkm\gf ;]js / /Ifs x'g tL ;d]t
o;/L cflht eO;s] . t/ /fhf of] 7fp“ / pm 7fp“ k|fof]lht k'iku'R5f / hohosf/
u|x0f ub{} d':sfgdo d'b|fdf c6f]u|fkm k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] cha b]zsf zf;ssf]
uhasf] rfnf xf] . d'n's bGbgL hln/x]5, gL/f] af“;'/Lsf] w'gdf dugd:t 5 eg]h:tf]
. 5fkf eG5, h'ga]nf /fh;L ;}lgssf xftaf6 eLd;]g bfxfnnfO{ uf]nL xflgb} lyof]
Tof] a]nf df};'km ;}lgs Aof/]sdf zfGt lbjfef]h u|x0f ul/aS;b} lyof] . clg ;x;|
gful/sx?nfO{ nv]6\b}, n5fb{} / k5fb{} Pshgf /fhfsf nflu k[YjLrf]ssf] af6f] k"/}
vfnL ul/of] . /TgdlGb/ lkmtf{ ;jf/L x'“bf zfGt / ;'g;fg k[YjLrf]s /fhfsf gh/df
k¥of] xf]nf . Tof] b]v]/ /fhgnfO{ nfUof] xf]nf, d'n'sel/ o:t} cdgr}g JofKt 5 .
ta g d]/f] zf;g †

t/
yf]/} dfq klg cfTd;Ddfgsf] efjgf ePsf d'n'ssf k|a'4 af}l4s, k|f1, slj /
j}1flgsx? /fhfsf] of] cfgGb;“u 3f]/ c;xdt 5g\ . of] c;xdlt /fh;L sºo{'sf] cj1fdf
cleJoQm ePsf] d}n] b]v]sf] 5' . s'/f cl:ts} lbgsf] xf] . lzIf0f c:ktfn
dxf/fhu~hcufl8 d'n'dsf y'k|} jl/i6 eb|enfb\dLx? k|s6 eP . gful/snfO{ lhp“bf] nf;
agfpg] x]t'n] /fHoåf/f k|fof]lht Zj]t cft+snfO{ luHofpg ;8sdf a;]/ ltgn] wgf{
lbP . o;/L w'nf]df kn]6L s:g]x?df dx]z df:s] / sgsdl0f bLlIft, bdggfy 9'ªufgf /
nId0f cof{n, dw' l3ld/] / ;'Gb/dl0f bLlIftx? x'g'x'GYof] . sfnf] cnsqdfly sfn
cf]5\ofOPsf] ;8sdf zfGtf bLlIftsf] pkl:ylt dnfO{ Hofb} cy{k"0f} nfUof] . ;f]r]+,
cfGbf]ng ca eg] jx'cfoflds eP5 . oL k|a'4 af}l4sx?sf] ;l4j]s / cf“6n] r'gf}tLsf]
efsfdf /fhfnfO{ elg/x]sf] d}n] ;'g]+–gh/ xf];\ dxf/fh † df};'kmsf]
lg/ªs'ztGqlj?4 xfdL;“u} ca eg] hut\ hfUof] . -sflGtk'/ b}lgsaf6 ;fef/_

;doa4

;+o'Qm
df]rf{sf] ;/sf/ cfjZos

) dx]Zj/
bfxfn

zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] of] ljlzi6 df]8df dfcf]jfbL, ;ft
;+;bjfbL bn, pTkLl8t hflt, If]q, ln+u, gful/s ;dfh / k]zfut ;+u7g ;lDdlnt ;+o'Qm
u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] ;/sf/ agfOxfNg h?/L 5 . zfxL ;Qf k"0f{ ?kdf 9ln;s]kl5 dfq
To:tf] ;/sf/ agfpg] eg]/ ;do s'g{ cfjZos 5}g . zfxL ;Qf 9ln;s]kl5 To;}nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbP eOxfN5 .

/fhgLlts
;+s6 / hgcfGbf]ngsf] of] pTsif{df lg/+s'z zfxL ;Qflj/f]wL o;k|sf/sf] ;/sf/n]
d'VotM gof“ ljsNk lbP/ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k ug{]5 . o;sf
cnfjf pTkLl8t hflt, If]q, ln+usf hgtf / k]zfut ;+3÷;+u7gsf] lxtdf s]–s] ug{ ;Sg]
xf] To;sf] vfsf sf]g{;S5 . of] k'/fgf] ;+;bLo rl/qsf] ;/sf/ x'g'x'Gg / gof“
hgjfbL ;/sf/ klg x'g ;Sb}g . t/, o;n] kmfl;i6 ;Qfsf] lj/f]w / hglxt, /fi6«lxtdf
nfUg'kg{]5 .

;+o'Qm
u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] ;/sf/ aGg'cl3 lglb{i6 nIosf ;DaGwdf ePsf cfz+sf x6fpg
cTofjZos 5 . zfxL ;Qflj?4 n8]sf ;a} zlQmx?sf] ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{k|ltsf]
k|lta4tfdf cfz+sf gubf{ x'G5, ljz]ifu/L dfcf]jfbLsf] jx'bnLotfdf cljZjf;
ug{'x'Gg . dfcf]jfbLn] o;af/]df gLltut ?kdf dfq lg0f{o u/]sf] 5}g dfcf]jfbLsf
cWoIf s=k|r08n] ;fj{hlgs jQmJo, cGtjf{tf{ lbP/ /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o hg;d'bfo;dIf
jx'bnLo Joj:yfsf] kIfdf cfkm\gf k|lta4tfnfO{ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofO /xg' ePsf] 5 .
hg;d'bfosf aLrdf v'Nnf 9+un] :jLsf/]sf s'/fnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] v]n]sf x'g ls eg]/
;f]+Rg' b'j{ntf xf] . a? ;+;bjfbL zlQmn] /fhtGqsf af/]df /x]sf] c:ki6tfnfO{ :ki6
kf/L xfNg'k5{ . k|ltlglw–;efsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfunfO{ TofUg] sfd ul/xfNg'k5{ .
k|ltlglw–;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf /fhfn] ug{] s'/fn] pgnfO{ j}wflgstf lbg]5 . ;+;bjfbL
bnn] pTkLl8t hflt, If]q / ln+usf af/]df klg :ki6 wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs ul/xfNg'k5{ .
o;n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;fy{s lgZsif{df k'¥ofpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 .

gof“
/fHo;Qfdf ;]gfsf] u7gsf] k|Zg lgs} k]lrnf] 5 . lg/+s'z zfxL ;Qflj?4 n8]/
vfl/Psf] hg;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gf agfpg klg ;+;bjfbLx?n] cfklQ dfGg' gkg{] xf] .
ptf zfxL ;]gfsf] tNnf] ul/a hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ljsNk lbg] / ltgLx?sf] lxtdf
klg of] ;+3if{ xf] eGg] s'/fsf] af]w u/fOlbg h?/L 5 . zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Ldf tNnf
txdf sfd ug{] l;kfxLnfO{ Toxf“ 7"nf] zf]if0f / bdg 5, ltgsf] lxt ;+o'Qm df]rf{
;/sf/n] u5{ eg]/ ljb|f]xsf nflu cfx\jfg ul/xfNg h?µL 5 . cfGbf]ngsf/L ;/sf/n]
hgbdgsf/L zfxL ;]gf / k|x/L annfO{ lj36gsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ l9nfO ug{} x'Gg . h'g
;/sf/ cfP klg xfdL cfb]zsf] kfns t xf}+ lg eg]/ ltgLx?n] cfufdL ;/sf/k|lt
jkmfbf/ ag]kl5 eOxfN5 eg]/ clxn] zfxL ;QfnfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf x'g;S5g\ . Pp6f
JolQm / To;sf] kl/jf/sf] lxtdf v8f ul/Psf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ s'g} xfntdf dfGotf lbg'
x'“b}g . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgfGbf]ngn] /fhf k/dflwklt /x]sf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ sfod
/fv]sfn] km]l/ csf{] cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] xf] . /fhtGq / To;sf kIfdf
/x]sf ;a}} ;+/rgf of] cfGbf]ngn] x6fpg] k|lta4tf clxn] g} ul/xfNg h?/L 5 . rfn'
cfGbf]ng ca c;kmn eof] eg] cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] c:ki6tfsf sf/0fn] g} x'g]5 . hgtfnfO{
:ki6 kfl/xfNg] xf] eg] cfGbf]ng l;lyn x'g] 5}g . nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf
l5§} x'g]5 .

;]gfsf]
;+/rgf, hftLo, If]qLonufot ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ k|ltufdL zlQmafx]s ;j{kIfLo ;Dd]ng
af]nfP x'GYof] . To;vfnsf] cGt/lqmofn] w]/} c:ki6tf x6fpg ;Sg]5 . ;a} s'/fsf]
Toxf“ ;j{;Ddt lg0f{o x'g ;s]g eg] ;+ljwfg–;efsf] k|lqmofaf6 6+'UofP eOxfNof] .
of] hgcfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd agfp“bf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] c?nfO{ l3;f/]sf] cf/f]k
cfpg;S5, cfGbf]ng p7fg ubf{ sxL+ ck'u klg x'g;S5, To;}n] ;s];Dd w]/} kIfnfO{
lg0f{odf ;xefuL u/fpg ;j{kIfLo ;Dd]ng 8fsL xfNg cTofjZos b]lvG5 .

hxf“
kmfl;i6 ;Qf 5, Toxf“ ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfpg] sfd lgs} sl7g eg] xf] . dfcf]jfbL
;Qfdf cfpg] s'/f u/]/ vf;u/L cd]l/sL zf;s / zfxL ;Qfsf ;~rfnsn] dfcf]jfbL / ;ft
;+;bjfbL bnaLr df]rf{ agfpg] clt cfjZos sfo{df ef“hf] xfNb} cfPsf 5g\ . t/,
o;af6 gu'h|Lsg cd]l/sL zf;saf6 ;+/lIft kmf;LjfbL ;QfnfO{ 9fNg ufx|f] 5 .
kmf;LjfbL zfxL ;Qflj?4 n8\b} cfPsf dfcf]jfbL / ;ft ;+;bjfbL bnaLr klxn]b]lv g}
;xsfo{ / ;+o'Qm df]rf{ aGg g;s]s}n] o;sf] cfo' clxn];Dd nlDaPsf] xf] . dfcf]jfbL
/ ;ft bnaLr !@–a'“b] ;xdlt / ;+3if{sf] tfnd]ndf clxn]sf] hgfGbf]ng p7]sf] xf] .
of] s'/fnfO{ v'n]/ eGg lsg ;ft ;+;bjfbL g]tfx? lxlRsrfO//x]sf 5g < cd]l/sL zf;s
/ zfxL ;Qf;“u 8/fP/ hgtfnfO{ e|ldt kfg{'x'Gg . ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?n] o;f] eg]/ st}
/fhf;“u ;+emf}tf ug{] af6f] vf]lh/x]sf t 5}gg\ cfz+sf p7\g;S5 .

cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbL zf;s / zfxL ;Qfdfq dfcf]jfbL / ;+;bjfbL zlQmsf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{ jf
;/sf/ agfpg] s'/fsf] lj/f]wL 5}gg\, ;+;bjfbL bnsf sltko g]tf ;d]t 5g\ . ;+;bjfbL
/fhgLlts bnaLrsf] dfq df]rf{ jf ;/sf/sf] s'/f oyfl:yltjfbL ;f]+r / ts{ xf] eg]
k"/} ljrf/ / /fhgLlt ldn]kl5df dfq df]rf{ agfpg] Pd=jL= k|j[lQ ;+ls0f{tf xf] .
oL b'j} unt lrGtg k|j[lQnfO{ lj/f]w ub{} ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfOxfNg h?/L 5 .
af]Nz]ljsx?n] cS6f]a/ qmflGtkl5 cGo kIfnfO{ ;d]t ;f]leot ;/sf/df ;fd]n u/]sf lyP
eg] rLgdf gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtkl5 cfwf bh{geGbf a9L kf6L{ ;lDdlnt ;/sf/ ag]sf]
lyof] . sDo'lgi6x? jx'bnLotfnfO{ :jLsfb{}gg\ eGg] s'/fsf] oL /fd|f hjfkm x'g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] ToxL lj/f;tdf 6]s]/ o;nfO{ cem kl/:s[t u/]sf] 5 .

;+o'Qm
u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] ;/sf/ agfpg] of] kl/kSj kl/l:yltaf6 cndlng] xf] eg] kmfl;i6
zfxL ;Qf nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 . hgtfsf] ljNs'n} ;dy{g gkfPsf] of] ;/sf/nfO{
grfxb}grfxb} j}wflgs lbPsf] 7xl/g] 5 . b]zdf :yflkt x'“bfvf“bfsf] :jfoQ
hg;/sf/nfO{ lj36g ug{] k|:tfj /fv]/ sltko ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?n] hfg]/–ghfg]/ kmfl;i6
zfxL ;QfnfO{ Toxf“ :yflkt ug{ vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . ;+;bjfbLx?sf] nflu hg;Qfsf] ljsNk
zfxL ;Qf xf]Og, ;+o'Qm u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] ;/sf/ g} x'g'k5{, To;f] geP hg;Qf
sfod ePs} 7Ls dfGg'kg{] xf] .

dfcf]jfbL /
;ft ;+;bjfbL bnaLr d+l;/ & ut] zfxL ;Qflj?4 n8\g] ;}4flGts k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u¥of]
. r}q ^ ut] bf]>f] ;Demf}tf u/]/ ;+3if{df Ps?ktf Nofpg] sf]l;; eof] . rf/ lbg]
cfd x8tfn / To;sf] lg/Gt/tfn] ltgLx?n] Ps csf{nfO{ glhs Nofpg d2t u/]sf] 5 .
zfxL ;Qflj?4 nf]stflGqs zlQmn] klg jlnbfgL lbO;s] . lbglbg} jlnbfgLefjsf ;fy
nl8/x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx?sf] jL/tf / jlnbfgL efjgfnfO{ xfdL ;a}n] ;Ddfg ug{}k5{ .
;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] lglDt hgfGbf]ng u/]/ Pscsf{k|lt ljZjf; lhTg'kg{] k|fylds zt{
x'GYof] . Tof] cj:yf ca kf/ ePsf] 5 . lhNnf–lhNnfdf :jtM:km"t{ ?kdf u0ftGq
If]qx? 3f]if0ff x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo :t/df ;+o'Qm u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] ;/sf/
agfpg lsg l9nfO ug]{ <

k|;+ujz

nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf
ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf

) bLk]Gb| /f]sf]of

ljifo k|j]z M

b]z hln/x]sf] 5, lg/f] jf“;'/L ahfO/x]sf] 5 .
kmf]6f] cfkm} af]N5, t}klg kmf]6f] af]n]sf] s'/f kqsfl/tfdf SofK;g n]v]/ yk k|i6
kfl/G5 . egfOsf] dtnj ;dsfnLg oyfy{nfO{ g]kfnL k|];n] s'/f] grkfOsg s;/L af]Ng]
< ljutsf] cg'ejaf6 x]bf{ s'/f / :ki6 wf/0ffnfO{ cfd hgdfg;df k'¥ofpg g;Sg'sf]
hl6ntfnfO{ s;/L x6fpg] < b]znfO{ clg0f{osf] aGbL jgfP/ /fVg]x?nfO{ nf]stflGqs
cfGbf]ng g]kfnsf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts sbd xf] eGg] 7DofOsf ;fy snd rnfpg] kqsf/,
n]vs, slj, ;flxTosf/sf] lg0ff{os k|xf/ s] x'g;S5 < /, xfdL leGgf–leGg} 7fp“af6
;dfGtjfbsf] cGTosf] lglDt nl8/x]sf 5f}+ . o;sf] ;dfof]hg s;/L x'g;S5 < cflb
ljifodf u+eL/ ax; ub}{ tfls{s lgZsif{df k'Ug] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . of] ;do g};lu{s
clwsf/ u'dfpg] ls k|fKt ug]{ eGg] ;+j]bgzLn ;dosf] ?kdf bh{ ePsf] 5 . cfpg'xf];\
u+eL/ ?kdf 5nkmndf h'6f}+, tfls{s lgisif{ lnP/ ;r]t gful/ssf] klxrfg lbp“ .

kqsfl/tfsf] dxTj M

j]nfotL ;bgdf Ps
;f+;bn] ;fdGt, kfb/L / hgtfsf] k|ltlglw;efdf af]Ng] qmddf ;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL zlQm
pm Tof] 5]pdf 5, eg]/ k|];nfO{ b]vfPkl5sf lbgx?df k|];nfO{ /fHosf] rf}yf] c+usf]
?kdf ;Ddfg / ;+jf]wg x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . k|];df zf;sLo /j}ofb]lv cfjfhljxLgx?;Ddsf
cfjfhx? cfpg] hfg] k|s[ofx? rln/x]sf 5g\ . b'lgof“df k]|; slt zlQmzfnL 5 eGg]
s'/f ga'em]/} kqsfl/tfdf nfu]sf y'k|} k|ltefx? knfog ePsf 5g\ . t/ xfdLn] of]
ge'nf} ls sDo'lgi6sf dxfg\ g]tf n]lggn] kqsfl/tf k|rf/ ;+3if{sf] ;fwg dfq xf]Og
;+u7g ug]{ dfWod klg xf] eg]sf] . ef/tLo :jtGq ;+u|fdsf lktf dflgg] dxfTdf
ufGwLn] j]nfotdf pklgj]zsf/L c+u]|hx?;+u ljjfb ub}{ …cu/ d} cvjf/ p7fn“' tf]
t'd/f ;fd|fHo lxGb":tfg ;] 8udufPuL, ;f/f lxGb':tfgL o'/f]k, clk|msf ;] ef/t
nf}6 cfPu], cf}/ :jtGqtf ;+u|fd d] ;fd]n xf]+u]Ú eg]sf] . o:t} cd]l/sL ljåfg
h]km;g{n] dnfO{ ;/sf/ / cvjf/ 5fGg lbOof] eg] lgM;Gb]x cvjf/ 5fGg]5', ;/sf/
9Ng;S5 t/ kqsfl/tf 9Nb}g eg]sf] . / Tolts}df ef/tLo ljåfg OGb| ljBf jfr:kltn]
kqsfl/tfnfO{ kf“rf} j]b 7fg]sf xf]Ogg\ . kqsfl/tf ;dfhsf] P]gf xf] o;sf] k|efj
If]q 7"nf] 5 .

kqsfl/tfsf] ;+3if{zLn
Oltxf;

;fob ju{ ljeflht ;dfhsf]
z'?jft ePkl5sf () k|ltzt jif{x? o'4d} laTg' / To;sf] P]ltxfl;s j}1flgs cWofkg
e};s]sf !*% k':tfdWo] !&% k':tfn] cfkm\gf] k"/} hLjg o'4df latfpg'n] kqsfl/tfsf]
;'?jft / ljsf; ju{o'4s} aLrdf ePsf] %% ;o ^) jif{df k|ltjif{ @^ xhf/ ! ;o #% o'4
ePsf 5g\ . o; lx;fjn] ljZjsf] ;+3if{zLn kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf; em}+ g]kfnsf]
;+3if{zLn kqsfl/tfsf] klg cfkm\g} Oltxf; 5 . of] Oltxf;sf] ue{df ds}kj{sf n]vs
s[i0fnfn clwsf/Lb]lv s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ;Dd / kl5Nnf] ;dodf dx]Zj/ kxf/L;lxt kf“r
bh{g sndhLjLx?sf] xTof /fHoåf/f ePsf] 5 . ldng g]kfnL, xl/k|;fb kf08];lxt b'O{
bh{g sndhLjLx? a]kQf kfl/Psf 5g\ . cem} kqsf/x?sf] nflu g]kfn 7"nf] em\ofnvfgf
g} 5 . cf:yfsf cfwf/df t]hgf/fo0f ;fksf]6f;lxt b'O{ bh{g ;+rf/sdL{x? h]nsf lr;f
l5+8Ldf 5g\ . Zofd >]i7x? ljgfsf/0f /fHoåf/f aGbL agfOPsf 5g\ . @!cf}+ ztfJbLdf
h+unL o'usf] z'?jft ug{ ;+rf/sdL{x?sf] xftdf xTs8L / cf]7df tfNrf dfg{ /fHon]
clGtd b'Zk|of; ul//x]sf] 5 .

xfdLn] Oltxf;nfO{
x]¥of} eg], ef/tLo :jtGqtf ;+u|fdjf6 k|efljt ePsf o'jfx?n] uf]/vf ef/t hLjg
-!($%_, o'ujf0fL -!(%%_, ;'wf ;fu/ -!(%%_ h:tf kq–klqsfjf6 g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf]
z'?jft ePsf] kfp“5f}+ . Toltv]/ k|sflzt n]v /rgfx?n] ljDjfTds 9+un] /f0ff
zf;gsf] lj/f]w u/]sf x'Gy] . k"j{sf /fO{x?n] ef]hk'/ ;b/d'sfddf /x]sf] /f0ff
x]8Sjf6{/nfO{ sAhf u/]kl5 gf/bd0fL y'n'ªsf] g]t[Tjdf ag]sf] hg;/sf/sf] va/
hgtfnfO{ ;'gfpg ef]hk'/ 6S;f/af6 /]l8of] k|zf/0f ePsf] lyof] . kl5 ToxL /]l8of]
lj/f6gu/df NofP/ lj/f6gu/ h'6ldndf k|hftflGqs /]l8of]sf] ?kdf aHof] . Tof]
/]l8of] cfh /]l8of] g]kfnsf] gfddf /fHon] hglj/f]wL cfjfh lgMz'Ns ?kdf
af“l8/x]sf] 5 . sf+u|];, sDo'lgi6sf] u7g;+u} ljrf/wf/fTds kq–klqsf k|sflzt eP .
@)!& ;fnsf] …s"Ú ;+u} /fhgLlts kf6L{dfly nfu]sf] k|ltaGwn] ubf{ z'?df syf,
sljtf, n]v, lgjGw ;flxlTos ljrf/af6 ;h{sx?n] tTsfnLg k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] cfnf]rgf
u/] . t/ Toltn] dfq lg/+s'ztf lj/f]wL k|rf/ k'u]sf] lyPg . To;}n] e"ldut ?kdf
k|jf;af6 kq–klqsfsf] k|sfzg x'g yfNof] . g]kfndf e"ldut cfGbf]ngn] ult lnb} ubf{
o;sf] k|efj;+u} g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 u7g eof] . k+rfotL Joj:yfsf] ;]G;/;Lkn] %%
em\ofn] aGy] kq–klqsfx? . oBlk )#^ kl5 e"ldut kf6L{sf jQmJo / ljrf/ lbg 5f]l8Pg
. o:t} s] sfd klg 5f]l8Pg eg] k+rfotL Joj:yf lj/f]wL hgdt ;+sng / ;+k|]if0f ug{
. tTsfnLg ldl8of ljZn]ifsx?sf cg';f/ )$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] jftfj/0f ldl8ofn]
agfof] . hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 k|fKt jfs tyf k|sfzg :jtGqtfn] g]kfnL kqsfl/tf
dfqfTds ?kdf ljsf; eof] . of] ljsf;jf6 lgbx/fd ePsf zf;sx?n] hgkIfLo kqsf/x?nfO{
ckx/0f, y'g5]s, a]kQf / xTof;d]t ug]{ sfd ug{ yfn] . klqsfsf] sfof{nodf tfnfaGbL
x'g yfNof] . Pjd\ k|sf/n] Tof] ghL/ xfn cfd nf]stflGqs kIfw/ kq–klqsf / PkmPd
/]l8of]x?df sfo{/t ;+rf/sdL{x?sf] ckx/0f, n'6 / y'g5]ssf 36gfdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 .
o;sf lj?4 cfGbf]ng/t ;a} tx / tKsf;+u / d"VotM kqsf/x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3sf] lg/+s'ztf lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3 ;s[o ;xof]u / ;dy{g
ug{ rfxG5 . g]kfnL k|];sf] eljio cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;;+u} cGt/lglxt /x]sfn]
;ft bn / dfcf]jfbLåf/f 3f]lift lg0f{os ;+3if{df ldl8ofn] v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsfsf]
;'lglZrtf ug{ xfdL ;a} sndhLjLx?n] gof“ ;+sNk kqdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
Tof] cf“6 ug}{k5{ .

;+rf/ df]rf{ lgdf0f{af/]

xfdL hgtfnfO{ ;';"lrt
ug]{ ;r]t gful/s xf} eg] ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] cj}w ;DjGwsf] e08fkmf]/ gu/L
hgclwsf/ k|fKt ug{ / k|fKt clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft ug{ ;Sb}gf} . jx';+Vos hgtfsf]
lxtsf] nflu snd rnfp“b}5f} eg] xfdLn] hgtf;+u Psfsf/ x'g}k5{ . pgLx?n] clwsf/
k|flKtsf nflu rnfPsf Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ug}k5{ . ju{ lg/k]If / :jtGq
k|]; eGg] s'/f a'h'{jf cfb{zjfbL e|d dfq xf] . csf]{ s'/f oxf“ Joj;flos / ld;g
kqsfl/tfsf] ax;n] lrlgof“ kvf{n nufpg] sfd klg j]sf/ xf] . of] o; cy{df ls of]
ax; nfdf] ;dob]lv rNb} cfPsf] 5 . clxn] of] ax;df clNemg'eGbf )%( c;f]h !* kl5
Ps 9+un] ;a}n] ld;g kqsfl/tf ug'{ kl//x]s} 5 . o;}n] xfdL s] eGg rfxG5f}+ eg]
:jR5 nf]stflGqs ;+rf/ k|lt:kwf{ x'g'k5{ . ;a} km"nx?n] km'Ng kfpg'k5{ .

b]zdf cu|ufdL
lgsf;sf nflu ePsf ;+3if{x? ;+j]bgzLn / lg0ff{os laGb'df k'Ug} nfu]sf] 5 . oltv]/
;+rf/ If]qn] cfkm\gf] 7fp“af6 lg/+s'ztflj?4sf] Pstf c3f]lift ?kdf ePklg
hgfO/x]sf] 5 . ca xfd|f cf}hf/x?dfkm{t\ q'm/ oyfl:yltsf] lj?4df / cu|udgsf]
kIfdf s;/L x:tfIf/ ug]{ eGg] k|Zg xf] . Oltxf;sf] v];|f n]vgsfo{df h'6]sf xfdL
;+rf/sdL{x? ;+ul7t x'g}k5{ . hf] ;+u7gsf] anåf/f /fHosf sfnf sfg"gL km/dfgx?sf]
wHhL p8fP/ e08fkmf]/ ug{ ;lsG5 . gq eg] clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejdf afbzfx gfËf 5g\ t
elgof] t/ oltn] dfq k'Ubf] /x]g5 . gfËf afbzfxnfO{ 3f]8faf6 v;fNg] lxDdt ;+rf/
If]qaf6 eof] eg] /fhgLlts pTsif{;+u} kqsfl/tfsf] If]qjf6 ldn]sf] P]Soj4tfn]
b]znfO{ )^# ;fnsf] z'? d} gof“ 7fp“df k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu lg/+s'ztf
lj/f]wL nf]stflGqs ;+rf/ df]rf{ cljnDj u7g x'g'kg]{ 7x/ qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3n]
u/]sf] 5 . ;fob o;df s;}sf] klg ljdlt 5 eGg] nfUb}g . o;}n] cfpg'xf];\ ;do /
hgtfnfO{ Wofg lbb} ;dfrf/ agfpg] xftx? ldnfcf}+ . cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf nflu
nf]stflGqs kIfw/ ;+rf/sdL{x? Ps xf]cf}+ .

zfxL ;}lgs ;/sf/sf]
alx:sf/ ug]{af/]

xfn} k|]; tyf
cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ld;gn] g]kfn e|d0f u/]/ kms]{sf] 5 . ld;gsf]
zJbdf /fHon] g]kfnL ;+rf/ dfWodx?n] !% jif{df u/]sf] ljsf;nfO{ Wj:t kf/]sf] 5 .
ljZjel/sf kqsf/, dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3÷;+u7gn] dfq xf]Og /fhg}ltssdL{x?n] ;d]t
g]kfnnfO{ PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dWoo'uLg /fHo eGg yfln;s]sf 5g\ . cf–cfkm\gf
7fp“af6 xfdLn] p7fO/x]sf cfjfhdf yk an k'¥ofp“b} lg/+s'ztfsf] 3f]/ eT;{gf ug]{
sfd hf/L 5 .

/fHon] sfg"gL
?kdf /fhkl/jf/sf] k|lti7fdf cf“r cfpg] ;dfrf/ lbg k|ltjGw nufPsf] lyof] .
k/Dk/fut /fhkl/jf/ )%* h]7 !( af6 5}g . g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d ;Qf / cv08tfdf cf“r
cfpg] s'/fdf k|ltjGw nufPsf] lyof], clxn];Dd s;}n] klg of] efu rLgdf ld;fp, of]
efu ef/t;+u ld;fp jf 5'6\6} e"/] 6fs'/] lrGtg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g / ;+rf/
dfWodn] To:tf lrGtg ePsfx?nfO{ 7fp“ lbPsf] klg 5}g . /fHosf] ;"/Iff, zflGt /
Joj:yfdf vnn kg{ hfg] s'g} l6Kk0fL TolQs} ePsf] 5}g . ha s';L{df a:g]x? d}dQ
;f“9] eP/ /fHosf] sf]if l/Tofp“b} hgtfsf kl;gfaf6 lslgPsf xltof/n] hgtfnfO{ dfg{
yfn]kl5 sxf“sf] zflGt–;'/Iff x'G5 < g]kfnL hgtf k/Dk/fut /fHosf] lx+;f vlk/xg
g;Sg] e};s]sf 5g\ . ca ljleGg hflt, wd{, ju{, If]q, ;Dk|bfosf dflg;aLr /fHo
3f]lift dfGotf ldr]/ lehnfGt] ;d"x kl/rflnt ug{ nfu]sf] 5, a? o;df ;+rf/ If]q
dof{lbt / ;+oldt ePsf] 5 . /fHo ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;bfrf/, g}ltstf / ;fdflhs
dof{bfdf cf3ft k'¥ofpg] u/L ;/sf/L ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 cfqmf]z kf]V5, hgtfn] of] klg
t a'em]sf 5g\ . ;fob s'g} g]kfnL 5}g xf]nf /fHoåf/f of] aLrdf g;tfOPsf] xf];\ .
kqsf/, dfgj clwsf/jfbL / gful/s ;dfhsf JolQmTj t p;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLeGbf 7"nf] zq'
nfUg] e};s]sf] 5 . ;+rf/ cWofb]zdfkm{t\ cgfjZos emGem6, lj1fkgdf Psåf/ gLlt,
ljgf Ohfht zfxL ;]gfnfO{ !) j6f PkmPd ;+rfng ug{ lbg'h:tf sfdn] /fHo h+unL
Joj:yfsf] /f]8Dofk lvRb}5 .

o;sf] ;dod}
k|ltjfb ;zQm 9+un] ePg eg] oxL ghL/n] ef]lnsf lbgx?df h+unL afbzfx 7"nf] t/jf/
lnP/ ;+rf/ u[x cufl8 xfd|f xft v'§f dfq xf]Og uw{g g} l5gfNg cfOk'Ug] jfnf 5 .
o;}n] olta]nf g} Pp6f alnof] lg0f{o lngnfO{ cem} s]xL ;do jf“sL 5 . xfdL s]
k|:tfj /fVg rfxG5f}+ eg] s]Gb|Lo ?kdf geP klg klZrdaf6 ;/sf/L pk]Iffsf] lj/f]wdf
cfh}sf lbgaf6 cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; glg:s“bf;Dd ;/sf/L sfo{qmdb]lv ;/sf/L
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f;Dd alx:sf/ cfGbf]ngsf] z'?jft u/f}+ . of] cfGbf]ngn] klZrd
g]kfnaf6 o'uLg emfk8 nufpg ;Sg]5f} . o;f] ul/of] eg] hgtf / /fhg}ltssdL{x?sf]
Goflos cfjfhdf xfd|f] ;lqmo e"ldsfn] lg0f{os df]8 lng]5 . s] ;Dej 5}g / <
xfdLnfO{ nfU5, ;Dej 5 . xfdLdfly nflbPsf ;j} k|sf/df cTofrf/sf] dxn klg o;}
cleofgaf6 9fNg ;S5f}+ .

hgkIfLo kqklqsfsf] ahf/
k|ltjGw x6fpg]af/]

;/sf/sf] tLj| cj/f]wsf aLrdf klg hgfb]z !%
jif{;Dd hgtfsf] Gofgf] dfofdf af“r]sf] 5 . hgfb]zdf sfo{/t ;j} >dhLjLx? h]nsf
lr;f l5+8Ldf ga;]sf eg]sf sf]xL 5}gg\ . n]Vg t n]v t/ of] gn]v eg]/ xfd|f]
;DkfbsLo :jtGqtfdf x:tIf]k ug]{ zf;sx?n] ?;L zf;sx?s} z}nLdf zx/ ahf/af6 ufp“sf]
lgjf{;gdf wkfpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] oxf“ ;Sbf] /rgfTds aGb} ;Lldt ;|f]t /
;fwgsf] aLrdf /x]/ hgfb]z ;fKtflxs k"j{, klZrd, pkTosf, k|jf; x'b} ;ftj6f k|b]z
/ k|jf; u/L cf7 7fp“af6 k|sfzgdf NofO/x]sf 5f}+ . /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf
kf“rj6f :6]zgdWo] rf/j6f lgoldt ;+rfngdf Nofpg] k|oTg u/]sf 5f}+ . t/ /fhwfgL /
/fhwfgL aflx/sf y'k|} hgkIfLo kqklqsf aGb ePsf 5g\ . /fHon] snd;+u aGb'ssf]
gSsnL eL8Gt atfP/ xfd|f cu|h s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ ;lxt tLg bh{g ;+jfbbftfx?sf] xTof
ul/;s]sf] 5 . tkfO{+x?nfO{ yfx} 5, xfdLn] lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd sfg'gL ;+3if{ ub}{
sf7df8f}+af6 hgfb]z k|sflzt u¥of}+ . Toltv]/ xfd|f x/]s kfOnfdf x'g] ;/sf/L
…jfrÚn] cft+ssf] dfxf}n tof/ kf¥of] . xfdL sl/a–sl/a c3f]lift aGbL e}/x]sf
lyof}+ . hgfb]zsf] lgoldt k|sfzg ug{ xfd|f lk|ohgx? / xfd|f] 5ftf ;+u7g g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;xof]un] dfq klg xfdL ;'/lIft x'g g;Sg] l:ylt k}bf eof] . o;}n]
xfdL ;/sf/L PDj';af6 km'Ts]/ hgtfsf aLrdf k'u]sf lyof}+ . sltkon] ToxL aLrdf
xfdLnfO{ snd ;dfTg] xftx? aGb's ;dfpg uP, aGb's] kqsf/ klg eg] . sltkon] e"ldut
kqsf/ eg] t sltkon] sndsf cft+sf/L klg eg] . …km"nsf] cf“vfdf km"n} ;+;f/
sf“8fsf] cf“vfdf sf“8} ;+;f/Ú eg] em}+ xfdLnfO{ h;n] h:tf]–h:tf] ;f]Rof] To:t}
b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug]{ ub{5g\ . t/ jf:tjdf xfdL hgtfsf] aLrdf a;]/ ld;g
kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ef]ln klg oxL k]zf ug]{ xfd|f] k|ltj4tf 5 . o;sf/0f
clwsf+z ;fyLefOx?af6 ;b\efj kfPsf klg 5f}+ .

zfxL ;}lgs
;/sf/sf] 3]/fdf a;]/ snd rnfO/xg' ePsf cfb/0fLo ldqx?, xfdL xfd|f k|sfzg hgfb]z
;fKtflxs zx/ ahf/ / ;b/d'sfddf k'¥ofpg rfxG5f}+ . w]/} e|ddf x'G5g\, Tof] e|d
lgjf/0f ug{ rfxG5f}+ . h;sf nflu ;j} lhNnfsf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] cu'jfOdf
hgfb]z ;fKtflxs ahf/df k'¥ofpg cu'jfO xf]; eGg] rfxG5f}+ . ;j} ju{nfO{ ;"lrt ug{
h?/L ePsf] 7fG5f}+ . oxf“ of] klg e'n]sf 5}gf}+ ls lg/+s'ztfn] tkfO{+x? klg
kLl8t x'g''x'G5 / lgu/fgLdf x'g'x'G5 . oBlk kqsfl/tfsf] k]zfut wd{ lgjf{x ug{
lxDdt s;]/ nflu/xg' ePsf] 5 . of] d'Vo s'/f xf] .

/, cGtdf
kqsfl/tfs} l;nl;nfdf ePsf lxhf]sf cfu|x k"jf{u|xnfO{ xn ug{ klg xfdL ;bfeGbf
5'6\6} ?kdf e]63f6 tyf cGt/lqmof ug{ k'u]sf] hfgsf/L u/fp“b5f}+ . csf]{ s'/f
xfdLaf6 x'g] u/]sf ljutsf j'emfOnfO{ gof“ :t/df p7fpg / ;Dk{s dfWod e/kbf]{
agfpg] ljifodf gof“ :t/jf6 5nkmn ug{ rfx]sf 5f}+ . oxf“ d'Vo s'/f] /fhg}lts
lgsf;sf] ljifo ePsfn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGq kIfw/x?n] cfkm\gf] efjL elj:osf] af/]df
;f]Rg}k5{ . o;f] gu/L kqsfl/tfsf] eljZo ;'lglZrt ug{ c;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f a]n}df
;f]rf}+ . oxf“ o;f] eGg'sf] tfTko{ ljifofGt/ ug]{x?sf sfdb]lv ;r]t xf]cf}+ eGg
klg vf]lhPsf] xf] . ;do cfp“5 klv{b}g eg] em}+ cu|ufdL sbdsf nflu gof“ ;+sNk
ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . ;j}nfO{ r]tgf eof . -kqsf/sf] cGt/lqmofdf k|:t't sfo{kq_

cGt/f{li6«o

k|mfG;sf] hgcfqmf]; /
To;n] u/]sf] ;+s]t

) j;Gt

olta]nf ljZjs} clt cf}Bf]lus
b]zx?dWo] Pp6f k|mfG;sf] /fhwfgL nufotsf ;fgf–7"nf ;a} zx/x? Toxf“sf ljBfyL{x?,
a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?, 6«]8 o'lgogsf sd{rf/Lx?, ljkIfL /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nufot cfd
hgtfx?x?sf] tLj| cfqmf]z / k|lt/f]wsf s]Gb| ag]sf 5g\ . uPsf] sl/a b'O{ dlxgf
cl3af6 ljBfyL{x?n] ;'? u/]sf] cfGbf]ngn] clxn] k'/} b]z cf]ul6;s]sf] 5 . sn]h,
ljZjljBfnox? vfnL 5g\, pBf]u snsf/vfgfx?df dhb'/ 5}gg\, oftfoft tyf xjfO ;]jf /
ahf/x? 7Kk 5g\, Toltdfq xf]Ogg\ ljleGg k]zf;“u hf]l8Psf cfd gful/sx? ;d]t ;8sdf
kf]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . o; cfGbf]ngk|lt k|mfG;]nL hgtfx?sf] s]jn ;dy{gdfq xf]Og
k|ToIf ;xeflutf;d]t lbg–k|ltlbg al9/x]sf] 5 . ut ;fn cS6f]j/df sÎo'{ nufP/
aGb'ssf] e/df dTy¥ofOPsf] cfk|jf;L cNk;“Vos k|mfG;]nLx?sf] Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngn]
Ps jif{ k'/f gub}{ k|mfG;]nL zf;sju{ km]l/ Pp6f hjh{:t cfGbf]ngsf] rk]6fdf
cfOk'Ug' s'g} sfstfnL dfq xf]Og of] t cGofok"0f{ k"“hLjfbL Aoj:yfsf] lgolt g}
xf] .

juL{o ;dfhdf x'g] s'g} klg
:jtM:km"t{ cfGbf]ngx?sf] cGto{df juL{o cGt/lj/f]wsf] k|wfg sf/0f n's]sf] x'G5 .
t/ klg s'g} Pp6f lgldQ sf/0fljgf :jtM:km"t{ cfGbf]ngx? p7\b}gg\ . lgldQ sf/0fsf]
;DaGw k|wfg sf/0f;“u hlt dha't x'G5 Tolt g} dha't / ;zQm Tof] hgk|lt/f]w x'G5 .
slxn]sfxL+ tL hgcfqmf]zx? HfgcfGbf]ngdf ablnP/ ;DalGwt b]zdf ;fgf]–ltgf]
/fhgLlts kl/jt{g klg NofOlbg ;S5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu @)#% ;fndf tTsflng
hglgjf{lrt kfls:tfgL k|wfgdGqL h'lNkms/ cnL e'§f]sf] kmf“;Lsf lj?4 g]kfnL
ljBfyL{x?n] sf7df8f}+df u/]sf] lj/f]wsf] lemgf] :j/n] cGttM ljzfn cfGbf]ng ag]/
tTsfn lg/k]If elgPsf] lg/+s'z k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] h/f vNaNofO{ zf;sx?af6 @)#^ df
hgdt ;+u|xsf] 3f]if0ff u/fpg afWo kf/]sf] lyof] / Tof] g} @)$^ ;fnsf]
hgcfGbf]ngsf nflu Pp6f k"jf{Eof; lyof] . k|mfG;]nL hgcfqmf]zn] tTsfn s'g :t/;Dd
ljsf; unf{ clxNo} s]xL eGg ;ls+b}g tfklg s] s'/f lglj{jfb ;To xf] eg] ljutsf
s]xL jif{leq Toxf“ p7]sf :jtM:k"mt{ hgljb|f]xx? / To;sf] qmlds ljsf;n]
k|mfG;]nL] ;fd|fHojfbsf] cGtsf nflu To;}sf] ue{af6 ch]o hgzlQmsf] ;~ro / ljsf;
e}/x]sf] Pjd\ k|mfG;]nL ;fd|fHojfb ce"tk"j{ ;+s6tkm{ ws]lnO/x]sf] s'/f k|i6 x'G5
.

of] jt{dfg hgcfqmf]zsf
k5fl8sf] lgldQ sf/0f xfn}df ;+;b\dfkm{t\ cg'df]bg u/fOPsf] / dGqLkl/ifbn]
sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ljjfbf:kb >d P]g xf], h'g @^ jif{eGbf sd
pd]/sf gof“ lgo'lQm kfpg] JolQmx?df nfu" x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm >d P]g nfu"
e};s]kl5 /f]huf/L lbg] ;+:yfn] b'O{ jif{sf] nfdf] k/LIf0f sfnleq /f]huf/jfnfnfO{
ljgf s'g} JofVof / ljgf s'g} k"j{;"rgf s'g} klg a]nf gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg ;Sb5 . oxL
>d P]gsf] k"0f{ vf/]hLsf nflu vf;u/L ljBfyL{x? / a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?n] sl/a b'O{
dlxgf cufl8b]lv rnfPsf] wgf{, h'n'; / lj/f]wsf ljleGg sfo{qmdsf afjh'b ;/sf/n]
s'g} 6]/k'R5/ gnufPkl5 ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+3if{n] clxn] ltgsf afa'–cfdfnufot cfk|jf;L
cNk;+Vos sfnf hfltx?, 6«]8 o'lgogx?, ljkIfL /fhgLlts bnx? / cfd hgtfx? ;d]tnfO{
o; cfGbf]ngsf kIfdf pEofOlbPsf] 5 . o;/L ljBfyL{x?af6 ;'? ePsf] ;fgf] cfGbf]ng
ljzfn hg;+3if{ ag]/ clxn] k|mfG;]nL zf;s ju{sf nflu 7"nf] r'gf}lt aGg k'u]sf]] 5
.

o;/L km}ln+b} uPsf]
hgk|lt/f]wsf] Hjfnfdf lr;f] kfgL vGofpg] p2]Zon] k|mfG;]nL /fi6«klt

HofS; lr/fun] ljljw xys08fx? ckgfO /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf x/ k|oTgx?n] cfGbf]ngsf]
cfuf] lgefpg'sf] ;f6f] pN6}] emg cfuf]df l3p yKg] g} sfd u/]sf] 5 . clk|n #! sf]
6]lnlehg ;Gb]zdf pgn] s] kf] eGg af“sL /fv] / < ;+;bn] kfl/t u/]sf] ljw]osnfO{
dfGg'k5{ egL k|hftGqsf] b'xfO{ lbPgg\ ls, k/LIf0f sfnnfO{ Ps jif{ sd ug]{ /
lgZsf;gsf] k"j{;"rgf lbg] Joj:yf u/L gof“ ljw]os ;+;bdfkm{t\ k'gM kfl/t u/fpg
;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] cfZjf;g lbPgg\ ls, o; ljw]osn] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?nfO{
a9fpg]5 egL em'7f jsjf; u/]gg\ ls, cGt/f{li6«o sf/0fn] o:tf] ljw]os Nofpg'
k/]sf] egL cfÎgf] nfrf/L JoQm u/]gg\ ls cyjf s] dfq u/]gg\ < t/, pgsf ;a} s'/fx?
/ jfrf–sa'nx?n] cfdhgtfnfO{ c? cfqmf]l;t t'NofOlbof] . OG6/g]6sf] dtu0fgf cg';f/
&* k|ltzt k|mfG;]nL hgtf /fi6«kltsf] 6]nLlehg efif0fsf lj?4 b]lvP . To;}sf rf/
lbg kl5dfq cyf{t\ dfr{ $ sf lbg cf≈jfg ul/Psf] cfd x8tfndf @) nfveGbf a9L
dflg;x? /fhwfgL k]l/;nufot 7"nf–7"nf zx/sf ;8sx?df plqP / k'/} b]z 7Kk kfl/lbP .
o; lj/f]w k|bz{gsf qmddf k|mfG;df ePsf] of] kf“rf} cfd x8tfn lyof] .

o'/f]k]nL dxfb]zleqsf] Pp6f
clt cf}Bf]lus tyf clt ljslzt k'“hLjfbL b]z eg]/ lrlgg] ePtf klg d'VotM zLto'4sf]
cGtkZrft\ ljZjel/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] Psn x}sd sfod ePkl5 k|mfG;
cGt/;fd|fHojfbL k|lt:kwf{sf ;a} If]qdf kl5 kb}{ u}/x]sf] lyof] . o;sf]
kl/0ffd:j?k e"d08nLs[t ahf/sf] k|lt:kwf{df v/f] plqg g;s]sf sf/0f clxn]
ljZjahf/df t s] cfÎg} b]zdf;d]t klg k|mfG;]nL pBf]ukltx? / k'“hLkltju{sf] ar{Zj
v'l:s+b} uPsf] 5, sltko pBf]ux? aGb e};s]sf 5g\ eg] sltkodf aGb ug'{kg]{
jfWofTds l:ylt;d]t k}bf e}/x]sf] 5 . Psflt/ e"d08nLo ahf/sf] d'gfkmfaf6 qmdzM
xft w'g jfWo x'g'k/]sf] l:ylt / csf]{lt/ cfÎg} b]zleq ;d]t pBf]uwGbfx? aGb
ug'{kg]{ jt{dfg l:yltn] k|mfG; clxn] g/fd|f] cfly{s dGbLdf km;]sf] 5 . clxn]
k|mfG;]nL k|ltlqmojfbL ;Qfn] h'g hglj/f]wL >d P]g NofPsf] 5 Tof] b]zsf] cfly{s
;+s6 6fg{ cl3 ;fl/Psf] k|To'Tkfbs k|of; dfq xf] . k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{n] cfÎg}
v'§fdf ahfg{sf nflu 9'“uf p7fp“5g\ eg]/ cWoIf dfcf]n] eGg'ePsf] sygsf]
j}1flgstfnfO{ k|mfG;sf] clxn]sf] lj/f]wsf] 36gfqmdn] km]l/ Psk6s zfgbf/ k'li6
u/]sf] 5 .

cfly{s cf“s8fx?n] b]vfp“5g\ ls
clt ljsl;t dWo]sf] Pp6f b]z eg]/ lrlgg] k|mfG;df s/Lj @% k|ltzt o'jfx?sf] s'g}
/f]hL/f]6L 5}g, k"0f{ j]/f]huf/ 5g\ . cNk;+Vos cfk|jf;L cyf{t\ sfnf hfltx?sf]
afx'No /x]sf Onfsfx?df t emg\ of] ;+Vof %) k|ltzt;Dd k'u]sf] b]lvG5 / of] qmd
a9bf] 5 . j]/f]huf/Lsf] of] ;d:of c? s]xL geP/ ;fd"lxs pTkfbg / JolQmut
:jfldTjsf] lgodn] rNg] k"“hLjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnLn] k}bf u/]sf] ;d:of xf] .
pTkfbgsf ;fdfu|Lsf] ljsf; / >ldssf] k|fljlws bIftfdf x'g] j[l4 g} pBf]ukltx?sf
nflu clws d"gfkmf sdfpg] ljlw x'g\ . jt{dfg ljZjdf ePsf] k|ljlwsf] ce"tk"j{
qmflGtn] JolQmsf] >d IfdtfnfO{ ;d]t HofldtLo 9+un] ljsf; ul/lbPsf] 5 . t/
k"“hLjfbL Joj:yfleq of] ljsf;n] Nofpg] clgjfo{ kl/0ffd eg]sf] >ldsx?sf] ;+Vofdf
x'g}kg]{ s6f}lt / To;n] lgDTofpg] j]/f]huf/L g} xf] . clxn] k|mfG;sf]
j]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of / hglj/f]wL >d P]g Nofpg'kg]{ pgLx?sf] jfWotf o;}sf]
kl/0ffdafx]s c? s]xL xf]Og . casf k'“hLjfbL zf;sx?, h;n] e"d08nLs[t ahf/df
cfÎgf] jr{Zj sfod /fVg ;Sb}gg\, n] ef]Ug'kg]{ lgolt jt{dfg k|mfG;sf zf;ssf] eGbf
leGg x'g} ;Sb}g . e"d08nLo k|lt:kwf{df s'g cufl8 / s'g k5fl8 kg]{ eGg] s'/f s]jn
;+of]u dfq xf] .

k|mfG;df clxn] b]vfk/]sf]
hgcfqmf];sf k5fl8sf] lgldQ sf/0fsf] ?kdf hglj/f]wL >d P]g cufl8 b]vfk/] klg
o;sf] jf:tljs / k|wfg sf/0f k"“hLjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGwn] k}bf ug]{ k"“hL / >daLrsf]
ulxl/+bf] cGt/lj/f]w afx]s c? x'“b} xf]Og . o;sf cltl/Qm k|mfG;]nL ;dfhdf c?
cGt/lj/f]wx? klg ljBdfg 5g\, tL dWo] Toxf“sf zf;sju{ / cfk|jf;L sfnf hfltx?sf
aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w, k|mfG;]nL ;dfhsf] Pp6f cfwf/e"t cGt/lj/f]w xf] . of]
;fd|fHojfb tyf pTkLl8t /fi6«x?sf aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf] csf]{ :j?k cfGtl/s
cf}klgj]zLs/0fsf] ;d:of xf] . k|mfG;]nL hgtfsf] jt{dfg cfqmf];sf k5fl8sf k|wfg
sf/stŒjx? oL g} x'g\ .

s'g} klg cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf jf
c;kmntfsf] sf/0f To; cfGbf]ngnfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ ljrf/ / /fhgLlt x'G5 . :ki6 /
;xL ljrf/ tyf /fhgLltsf] cfwf/df ;+ul7t /fhgLlts zlQmn] dfq cfGbf]ngsf] ;xL
g]t[Œj k|bfg ug{ ;Sb5 / Tof] cfGbf]ng ;kmntfdf 6'“luG5 . k|mfG;sf] jt{dfg
cfGbf]ngsf] ;Gbe{df eGg] xf] eg] Toxf“ g t ;xL ljrf/ / /fhgLltn] g t ;xL ;+u7gn]
cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Œj u/]sf] 5 . t/ cfGbf]ngdf b]lvPsf] hg;xeflutf / Toxf“ r'ln+b}
uPsf] ;d:ofnfO{ x]bf{ cfGbf]ng Tolt ;lhn} dTy/ x'g] klg b]lv+b}g . kmn:j?k
cfGbf]ngn] Toxf“sf] ;/sf/nfO{ pQm >d P]g vf/]h u/fpg afWo kfg]{ k|jn ;+efjgf 5 .
oltdfq eof] eg] klg To;nfO{ hgtfsf] hLt / ;/sf/sf] xf/ g} dfGg'kb{5 . h]xf];\,
of] cfGbf]ngaf6 tTsfn h'g;'s} kl/0ffd cfP klg cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf jf c;kmntfn] g}
ljrf/, /fhgLlt / g]t[Œjsf] ljsf; ug]{ x'gfn] cGttM of] cfGbf]ngn] k|mfG;sf] efjL
;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngsf] p7fgnfO{ eg] dxŒjk"0f{ cfwf/ tof/ ug]{5 . of] g} k|mfG;df
rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] k|wfg / ;sf/fTds kIf xf] .

dfly g} elg;lsPsf] 5 ls clxn]
k|mfG;df h'g;'s} lgldQ sf/0fx?af6 cfGbf]ng rls{Psf]] eP klg Tof] b]zdf ljikmf]6s
x'“b}uPsf] k'“hL / >dsfaLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf] cleJolQm g} xf] . ha;Dd
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbåf/f lgb]{lzt ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
g]t[Œjdf ;a{xf/f ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg x'“b}g ta;Dd Toxf“ h'g;'s} :t/sf
cfGbf]ngx? ePklg ltgn] Toxf“sf ;j{xf/fju{ / cfd zf]lift–kLl8t hg;d'bfosf
cfwf/e"t ;d:ofx?sf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . k"“hLjfbL ;dfhsf] ;fd"lxs
pTkfbg / JolQmut :jldTjsf] pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ ;j{xf/f qmflGtåf/f abnL ;fd"lxs
pTkfbg / ;fd"lxs :jfldTjsf] ;dfhjfbL cfly{s k|0ffnL nfu" u/]/ dfq k|mfG;sf
;j{xf/fju{ / pTkLl8t hg;d'bfon] b]zsf] jt{dfg ;+s6 / cfÎgf cfd ;d:ofx?af6
5'6sf/f kfpg ;Sb5g\ . ;+s6u|:t aGb} u}/x]sf] jt{dfg ljZjsf] s'g} klg b]z /
hgtfsf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;j{xf/f qmflGtafx]s c? s'g} ljlwaf6 x'g} ;Sb}g .

jt{dfg ljZjdf Psn /fHosf]
?kdf ljsf; x'“b} uPsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] /fhgLlts–cfly{s bafa tyf ;}Go
cltqmd0f / e"d08nLs/0fleq t]>f] ljZjsf pTkLl8t d'n'sx?df dfq xf]Og ;fdfGotM ;a}
/ ljz]iftM sdhf]/ ;fd|fHojfbL b]zx?df cly{s dGbL / To;n] k}bf ug]{ j]/f]huf/Lsf
;d:ofx? ljs/fn aGb} u}/x]sf 5g\ . k|mfG;sf] cfGbf]ng o;}sf] cleJolQm xf] .
k|mfG;dfq xf]Og, ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg b]zdf clxn] of] jf Tof] k|sf/sf] hgc;Gtf]if /
ljb|f]x rln g} /fv]sf] 5 / of] qmd Pskl5 csf]{ u/L cufl8 g} al9/x]sf] 5 .
dWoo'uLg wfld{s cGwtfsf] j}rfl/s cfwf/ / ;}Go ;fdYo{sf] andf cft+sjfb lj/f]wL
o'4sf] axfgf agfP/ o; hgljb|f]xsf] a9bf] nx/nfO{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] kmf;LjfbL
9¨n] lgoGq0f ug{ vf]Hg' p;sf] /fhgLlts Pj+ g}lts k/fhoafx]s c? s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g .
b'Zdgn] hj ;a} d"No / dfGotfnfO{ tf]8]/ kmf;Ljfbsf] ;xf/f lng k'Ub5 tj a'¤g'kb{5
ls pm ulx/f] ;+s6df kml;;s]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ ljZj ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] ;+efjgf
glhls+b} 5 eGg] g} xf] .

j:t'ut lx;fan] h;/L] ljZje/L qmflGtsf/L kl/l:yltsf]
ljsf; x'“b} u}/x]sf] 5, To;/L g} To;nfO{ kS8]/ k|To]s b]zdf qmflGtsf] g]t[Œj
k|bfg ug]{ dfn]dfjfbL kf6L{x? / ljZjqmflGtsf] cleofgnfO{ j}rfl/s g]t[Œj lbg;Sg]
rf}yf] cGt//f{li6«osf] cefj v8ls/x]sf] 5 . of] g} ;dsfnLg ljZj sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngdf b]lvg] cfTdut ;d:of xf] . of] l:yltdf clxn];Dd qmflGtsf/L
cGt/f{li6«otfjfbL cfGbf]ng -l/d_n] lgjf{x ub]{cfPsf]] e"ldsfn] cGt/f{li6«o
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ j}rfl/s g]t[Œj k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g . ;fdfGotM ;dsfnLg sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngdf h/f uf8]sf] blIf0fk+yL ;+zf]wgjfb / ljz]iftM l/dnufot jt{dfg
dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngdf xfjL /x]sf] h8;'qLo ;+sL0f{tfjfbsf lj?4sf] j}rfl/s
;+3if{nfO{ u'0ffTds?kn] cl3 a9fO jt{dfg dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ PsLs[t u/]/dfq
rf}yf] cGt//fli6«osf] lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 . of] ;du| k|lqmofdf
xfd|f] kf6L{sf] e"ldsf clt dxŒjk"0f{ x'g] s'/fdf b'O{ dt x'g} ;Sb}g . of] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug]{ qmddf g} xfdLn] k|mfG;nufot ljZje/Lsf hgtfsf] Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngnfO{
;xL lbzf lgb]{zsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sb5f}+ . ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6«otfjfbn]
xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ jt{dfgdf ;'Dk]sf] lhDd]jf/L oxL xf] . ––;dfKt––

;lxb–ufyf

alb{ofsL tf/f s=;Ldf
nfn;nfd †

) k'ikf bfxfn

ju{ ;+3if{sf] t'kmfgL
s]Gb|sf] ?kdf kl/lrt alb{of lhNnfsf] ;f]/x0f ufh;–@ hultofdf @)#( ;fndf cfdf
j;'b]of / j'jf nf]x/L yf?sf] sf]vaf6 ;Ldf rf}w/Lsf] hGd eof] . ;dfGo kl/jf/df
hGdg' ePsL s=;LdfsL Ps lbbL, Ps jlxgL / tLg efO x'g'x'G5 . h;dWo] h]7f] efO
nId0f rf}w/Lsf] PsLs[t cu|ufdL ?kfGt/0f cleofgsf qmddf ;]tL dxfsfnL If]qsf]
s}nfnL lhNnfdf )^! df3 ( ut] bul/of ufh;sf] jgsGb|+Ldf zfxL ;]gfn] sAhfdf lnO{
s7f]/ oftgfkZrft\ xTof u/]sf] lyof] .

;fg} pd]/b]lv
cToGt rnfv / ljb|f]xL :jefjsf] s=;Ldfn] cfkm\g} ufp“sf] ljBfondf sIff–& ;Ddsf]
cWoog ug'{eof] . cToGt ;f]emf], OdfGbf/ cflbjf;Lsf] ?kdf kl/lrt yf? hfltn] s7f]/
d]xgtsf ;fy v]tLof]Uo hldg agfPtf klg ;dfhsf hfnL km6fxf tyf zf]ifsx?n] cg]s
if8\oGqåf/f pgLx?sf] hUuf sAhf u/L cfkm\gf] gfddf agfPsf] / ltg} ;fdGtL
hldGbf/sf] 3/df sd}of a;L cfkm\g} v]tLsf] ;Dk"0f{ pJhgL a'emfpg'kg]{ cToGt
lj8DjgfTds jfWotfdf /x]sf] yf? hflt juL{o pTkL8g ;fy} hftLo pTkL8gsf] hf“tf]d'lg
lkl;g' k/]sf] oyfy{af6 s=;Ldf klg cglj1 /xg' ePg . To;dfly pxf“df hgo'4sf]
k|ToIf k|efj klg k¥of] .

s=;Ldfn] ;dfhsf] rsf]{
zf]if0f pTkL8gsf lj?4 cj}1flgs / cJojxfl/s j'h'{jf lzIff k|0ffnLlj?4 @)%% df
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] OsfO{ sld6Ldf ;+ul7t eO{ sf]iffWoIfdf /x]/ ljBfyL{
hLjgaf6 cfkm\gf] /fhg}lts hLjgsf] z'?jft ug'{eof] . ;+u7gdf ;lqmotfsf ;fy
cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ hfg'eof] . ;dfhsf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltsf] ulx/f]
5fkaf6 k|efljt ePsf pxf“sf] j'jf cfdfn] ;Ldfsf] ljjfxsf] k|:tfj Nofpg'eof] .
…ljb|f]x ug'{ clwsf/ xf]Ú eGg] dfS;{jfbsf] j}1flgs ;RrfOnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltnfO{ 7f8f] r'gf}lt lbb} y'lgPsf] lk+h8fsf] ;'uf v'Nnf
cfsf;df cfp“bfsf] cToGt v';Lsf] cg'e"ltsf ;fy 3/af6 ljb|f]x u/L s=;Ldf )%& ;fndf
g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ eO{ ju{;+3if{df k|ToIf ;xeflu x'g'eof]
. ;f“:s[lts ?kfGt/0fdf klg TolQs} :ki6 /x'gePsL s=;Ldf nugzLntfsf ;fy cfkm\gf]
lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ l;n;Lnfdf zlbof}+b]lv bf]xf]/f] zf]if0fsf] hf“tf]d'lg lkl;Psf
dlxnfx?sf] xs clwsf/ / d'lQmsf] lglDt )%* ;fndf c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ af“s]sL
;b:o /xL Go"g r]tgfdf /x]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ ljp“emfp“b} cfGbf]lnt kfb}{ cl3
a9\g'eof] .

o;/L cl3 a9\g]
qmddf )%* ;fn d+l;/ % ut] gof“ hgjfbL ;+:s[ltnfO{ :yflkt ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy
cfGbf]ngleq} sd/]8 cv08;“u j}jflxs ;DjGw sfod ug'{eof] . j'jf cfdfn] /f]h]sf]
s]6f;+u ljjfx gu/L ufp“sf] s]6f;+u ljjfx u/]kl5 pxf“sf] j'jf pxf“;+u af]Ng'
x'b}GYof] . kfl/jfl/s ;+3if{ klg TolQs} ug'{k¥of] s=;LdfnfO{ .

o;/L rf}tkmL{
;+3if{ ub}{{ hfg] qmddf )%( efb| !) ut] af“s] lhNnfsf] zd/]zu~h ufh;sf] rGxjfdf
Ok| sf sf]xnk'/af6 cfPsf] k|x/Lx?n] ufp“ 3]/f xfnL lu/km\tf/kl5 rsf]{ oftgf lbP
. s=cv08, s=hLjg / s=cljgfzsf] ;fd"lxs xTof u/]kl5 pxf“n] cfkm\gf] hLjg;fyL
s=cv08nfO{ u'dfpg' eof] . Psflt/ cfkm\gf] hLjg;fyLsf] pRr zxfbtn] ddf{lxt agfof]
eg] csf]{lt/ ju{;+3if{sf] e6l\6df vfl/b} cem :kfltnf] jGb} hfg] k|]/0ff cfGtl/s
k+lQmaf6 kfpg'eof] . hLjgsf] cg]s} 3'DtL kf/ ub}{ ljleGg cf/f]x cj/f]xsf] aLraf6
cl3 a9\g] qmddf )%( k'; !$÷!% ut] ;DkGg c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ alb{ofsf] kf“rf}
lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] s=;LdfnfO{ cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt u¥of] . ;+u7gsf] of]hgfnfO{ 7Ls–7Ls
9+un] cToGt b[9tfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ug]{ s=;LdfnfO{ )^) ;fn c;f/df ;DkGg rf}yf]
/fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] lhDdf ;'lDkof] .

cfkm\gf]
lhDdfnfO{ bx|f];+u ks8\b} hf“bf kf6L{ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08åf/f 7f]; ul/Psf] rf/
dlxg] PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] qmddf ;+u7gn] af“s] lhNnfdf v6fof] . æjuL{o
d'lQmljgf dlxnf d'lQm c;+ej 5Æ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ jf“s] lhNnfsf
dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+ul7t, pT;flxt / cfGbf]lnt kfb}{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lj?4 cl3 a9\g' eof]
. hgtfsf] cho zlQmb]lv cft+lst xTof/f] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf kfNt' s's'/x?sf] ?kdf
/x]sf g/;+xf/sf/L zfxL ;]gfn] ef]sfPsf] af3 em} )^) sflt{s !( ut] af“s]sf]
j}hfk'/ ufh;sf] s'Dd/ ufp“sf] rfkm\nLofy/df 3]/f xfnL uf]nL xfgL 3fOt] agfO{
anfTsf/ u/L 9'¨fn] lyrL–lyrL cToGt kfzljs tl/sfn] s=;Ldfsf] xTof u¥of] .

o;/L s=;Ldf
rf}w/Lsf] pRr zxfbtn] alb{ofnL dlxnfsf ;fy} l;+uf] pTkLl8t dlxnfx?nfO{ ddf{lxt
agfof] eg] cfqmf]l;t / cfGbf]lnt klg agfof] . pxf“sf] /QmjLhn] sof}+ ;Ldfx?
hlGd;s]sf 5g\ . s=;Ldf cfh alb{ofnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df rlDsnf] tf/ ag]/
xfdL ;j}nfO{ Hof]lt lbO/xg' ePsf] 5 . cGtdf dxfg\ ;lxb s=;Ldf rf}w/LnfO{
nfnf;nfd †

;+uLta4 uLt

hfp“ /fhwfgL 3]g{nfO{

) /rgf M– l;bfGt

xfdLn] ;'v kfPgf}+ slxn]
lg

b'Mv si6 x08/ hlxn] lg

hgtf of] ;Qf km]g]{nfO{

hfp“ x} ca l5§} g} hgtf
/fhwfgL 3]g{nfO{

ul/asf] kl;gf
b/jf/df

5}g kL7f] xfd|f]
3/jf/df

hgtf xfd|f] Tof]
kl;gf xg]{nfO{

hfp“ x} ca l56}
g} hgtf /fhwfgL 3]g{nfO{

jl/kl/ efO ef/bf/ s:of 5

ul/a df5'{ eg]/ a:of 5

hgtf 1fg] / ef/bf/
v]b\g]nfO{

hfp“ x} ca l5§} hgtf
/fhwfgL 3]g{nfO{

slt x]g{' 1fg]sf]
/hfO“

v]b} ca hf]/ ;+v
ahfO{

hgtf efOdf/f
v]b\gnfO{

ca l5§} p7f}+ hgtf
/fhwfgL 3]g{nfO{

;Qf To;} cfp“b}g dfu]/

cfp“5 ;'lbg hgtf ;a hfu]/

hgtf xTof/f] ;Qf
km]g{nfO{

hfp“ g ca l5§} g} /fhwfgL
3]g{nfO{

1fg]Gb|sf]
6fpsf]nfO{ x]/]/

w'lnv]n /
yfgsf]6nfO{ 3]/]/

hgtf v'gL ;Qf
km]g{nfO{

l5§} ca h'6f}+g
hgtf /fhwfgL 3]g{nfO{

ls;fg dhb'/ ;a ldnL
hfUb}5

xTof/f] 1fg] b]z 5f]8L
efUb}5

hgtf ga;f}+ xTof/f] x]/]/

hgtfsf] lbg cfp“5 dfq}
/fhwfgL 3]/]/ .

;dfKt

k|wfg
;Dkfbs– dx]Zj/ bfxfn

;Dkfbs d08n– uf]ljGb cfrfo{, cf]d zdf{, lx/fdl0f b'MvL

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2006-04-01T22:11:00.000-08:00

cfd x8tfn / cQflnPsf zfxL euf}8fx?

lzj zdf{ r~rn

dfr{ #!

cfGbf]ng/t bnx?n] r}t @$ b]lv ug{ nfu]s]f cfd x8tfnsf] sfo{s|dnfO{ ;/sf/ ljkmn
jgfpg] sfo{df cu|;/ ePsf] 5 . of] ;/sf/sf] klxnf] k|of; x]fOg . o; eGbf cuf8L
klg bnx?sf] zflGtk'0f{ sfo{s|dnfO{ jfwf c8rg k'Â¥ofpg sfo{df nfUb} cfPsf] 5 .
u[xdGqL sdn yfkfn] t bnx?sf] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ dfcf]jfbL;+u ldn]/
u/]sf] cf/f]k dfq nufPsf 5}gg .

pgn] bnx?s]f sfo{qmdnfO{ dfcf]jfbL s} sfo{qmd ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . of] lgsDdf ;/sf/n]
xtf; dgl:ylts} sf/0f of] ;j} xNnf lkmhfP/ ;=;;bLo zlStx?nfO{ l8;ld; u/]/ kfvf
nufpg] k|kGr /lr/x]s]f 5 . bnx?sf] j[xt k|bz{g / x8tfnsf] sfo{qmdn] /fHo
cQflnPsf] b]lvG5 . To;sf/0f klg ljleGg cf/f]k nufpb} cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{s|d ljyf]Ng]
jfxfgf jgfPsf] 5 . ToxL jxfgfsf] ?kdf bn / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Pp6} lsQfdf /fv]/ x]g{
s'/f kmtkmtfO{ /x]sf] 5 . bnx?n] ug]{ x/]s zlGtk'0f{ sfo{s|dx?nfO{ lgis[o /
c;kmn t'NofP/ lg/+s'ztf nfb\g] k|of;df tlNng b]lvPsf] 5 . o; cl3 klg bnx?sf] /fhwfgL
s]Gb|Lt ljzfn lj/f]wsf] sfo{s|dnfO{ skm\o' nufP/ tx nufpg] b'ik|of; of] ;/sf/n]
uÂ¥of] . ;Qf g} pN6g] xf] sL eGg] eon] cfs|fGt ePsf ;Qfsf ef]uLx? xsflgP/ g} o;
lsl;dsf] Jojxf/ bnx? dfly ub} cfPsf] 5 .;;bLo zlStx?nfO{ kfvf nufP/ lg/+s'z zf;g
c? nfb\g kNs]sfx?n] k/flht dfgl;stfn] o;f] u/L/x]sf 5g\ .

;+;bLo zlStx?nfO{ kfvf nufP kl5 lg/+s'z /fHo hdfpg ;lhn} ;lsg] cfzfdf 5g\ plgx?
. oxL eP/ bnx?sf] j[xt cfd x8tnfsf] sfo{s|dnfO{ ljleGg cf/f]k k|Tof/f]k nufpb}
c;kmn jgfpg] k|of;df 5 /fHo . zflGtsf] sÂ§/ lj/f]wL lg/+s'z of] /fHon] ;j} vfnsf
k|hftflGqs k|ls|ofx? cj/f]w kf/]s]f 5 . hgtfnfO{ ;d]t jf:tljstf cf]sng lbO/x]sf]
5}g . ;j}nfO{ cf+tsf/Lsf] ?kdf x]l//x]s]f 5 . ;Qfdf j:g]x?s]f x]/fO{ / j'emfO{ ;xL
5}g . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ g} of] zfxL ;/sf/ ;j}lt/ jf6 lrlKnPsf] cj:yf 5 . rf/}lt/
jf6 lj/f]wsf :j/x? u'lGhg yfn]kl5 ;Qfsf pGdfbdf nl7\7g]x? jf:tljs 7Dofpg ;s]sf
5}gg\ . plgx? h;nfO{ klg cft+sf/L b]Vg yfn]sf 5g\ . bnx?nfO{ cfTf+ssf/Lsf] rZdfn]
x]g{ zfxL ;Qfn] hgtf dfly ;}Go pGdfb k|b{zg ug]{nfO{ s] eGg] . lg/Lx lgb]f}ifsf]
3/sf] 5fgf]df jdjf/L ug]{ cf+tssf/Lsf] z}NfL xf] sL x]fOg <

cft+s eGbf klg r/d cft+ssf] g'dgf b]vfpg] zfxL ;Qf clxn] j]cy{ bnx?nfO{ cf/]fk
nufO/x]sf] 5 . ;Qfdf j;]/ cft+ssf/Lsf] Jojxf/ :Jfo+ k|bz{g ug]{ clg bnx?nfO{
cft+ssf/L eGg'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . hgtf c+wf ePsf 5}g . sf] cft+ssf/L x'g xf]Og
eGg] s'/f hgtfn] 5'6ofpg ;S5g\ . bnâ€“dfcf]jfbLsf] bf];|f] ;dembf/Ljf6 ;z+lSt
ePsf] zfxL ;Qf clxn] cQflnPsf] 5 . zflGtnfO{ d'n ljGb' jgfP/ bnâ€“dfc]fjfbL jLr
ePsf] ;dembf/L lgZro klg /fi6Â«sf] clxtdf 5}g . of] s'/f ;j}hgtfn] j'em]sf 5g\ .
s]jn of] zfxL ;Qfn] j'em]sf] 5}g . k|hftGqs]f nx/ cfpg] b]v]/ clxn] bnx?s]f j[xt
x8tfns]f sfo{s|d h'g;'s} xfntdf c;kmn xf];\ eGg] rfxgf of] ;Qfsf] 5 . ToxL eP/ ;Qfsf]
b'?kof]u u/L sfnf] sfg'g nfb]/ eP/ klg bnx?nfO{ tx nufpg] sfddf clxn] nflu/x]s]f
b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] lgx' jgfP/ bnx?nfO{ lsgf/f nufpg] bfp dfq} xf] zfxL ;Qfsf]
.

d'n'sdf k|hftGq 5 eg]/ 3f]s xfNb} lx8g] zfxL ;Qfsf euf}8fx?n] lsg j'emb}gg\
zlGtk'0f{ cfGbf]ng ug{ kfpg' klg k|hftflGqs clwsf/ xf] . ;ljwfgsf] s'g wf/fdf 5
zflGtk'0f{ cfGbf]ng ug{ kfO{b}g eg]/ . x'g t clxn] zfxL ;Qf k|hftflGq kl/kf6L
cg';f/ g} sxfF kf] /fHo ;~rfng ul//x]s]f 5 / . jj{/ lg/+s'z z}nL k|bz{g u/]/ ;Qf
l6sfpg] sfd dfq ul/x]s]f 5 . o:tf] j]nf cfdx8tfnsf] sfo{s|d lnP/ cfPsf bnx? klg
kl5 x6g' x'b}g . o:tf] j]nf kl5 x6g' eg]s]f zfxL ;Qfsf euf}8fx?nfO{ ;Qfdf j:g]
cfo' nDJofO{ lbg' dfq xf] . o;n] lg/+s'ztf lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ sdhf]/ t jgfpg 5
g} . pN6} k|ltudgsf gfOs]x?nfO{ ;Njnfpg yk dbt ldNg] 5 . lg/+s'zjfbLx?sf] cfr/0f
g} o:t} x'G5 h;/L x'G5 ;+;bLo zlStx?nfO{ tx nufpg] . x'g t cfGbf]ng/t bnx?n] klg
zfxL ;Qfsf] h'g ;'s} cj/f]w ;x]/ klg cfdx8tfnsf] sfo{s|d ;kmn jgfP/ g} 5f8g]
bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . ;kmn c;kmn s] x'G5 Tof] cfpg] ;don] g} jtfpg] 5 .

cfd x8tfn bjfP/} 5fl8g] 5 eg]/ u[xdGqL otf s'ln{/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] j]nf bnx?nfO{
r'gf}tL t 5 g} . t/ r'gf}tL ;+u efu]/ eGbf klg ;fdgf u/]/ cuf8L j9g' of] j]nf
cfjZos b]lvG5 . jG'b'ssf] cf8df zfxL ;Qfn] h] klg ug]{ bDsL lbO/x]s]f 5 . r/d
tfgzfxL eO;s]sf] zfxL ;Qfsf] lj/f]wdf cj hgtf klg ;8sdf hfUg] j]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 .
cj slQnfO{ uf]nL bfj]/ cfGbf]ng lg:t]h kfg{ ;S5 of] lg/+s'z ;Qfn] . hgtfsf]
5ftLdf uf]nL bfj]/ s;dfly zf;g hdfpg] xf] km]/L To;sf] hjfkm klg u[xdGqLn] lbg'
kg]{ x'G5 . ;j}lt/ jf6 PlSnP kl5 cfd x8tfn ljyf]Ng] gfddf zfxL ;Qfn] ug]{ h'g
;'s} cj/f]wnfO{ l5rf]n]/ cl3 j9g] tv{/df l5g\ bnx? . o:tf] j]nf sxL st} clgi6
lgDtof] eg] To;sf] ;j} lhDd]jf/L zfxL ;Qf / zfxL euf}8fx? g} x'g] 5g\ .

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2006-04-01T21:59:00.000-08:00

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2006

s=ls/0f cg;gdf a:g'ePsf] xf]Og

lj/f6gu/, r}q !(÷ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv ef/tsf] klZrd
a+ufn /fHosf] l;nu'8Ldf aGbL agfOg'ePsf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf jl/i7 g]tf df]xg
j}B -s=ls/0f_ cg;gdf a:g'ePsf] egL s]xL ;+rf/dfWodn] k|sfzg tyf k|zf/0f ul//x]sf]
;dfrf/ ;xL gePsf] pxf“sf] kfl/jfl/s ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .

s=ls/0f / s=uf}/jsf] l/xfOsf nflu lbNnLdf wgf{

gof“ lbNnL, r}q !(÷g]kfnsf] u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf]
kIfdf ef/tdf ;dy{g h'6fpg :yfkgf ePsf] ef/t–g]kfn hgPstf d~rsf]
cfof]hgfdf gof“ lbNnL ;+;b dfu{df lxhf] wgf{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . wgf{
sfo{qmddf Pdfn] :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o jfdb]j uf}tdsf] ljz]if pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
uf}tdn] wgf{ al;/x]sf ljleGg ef/tLo / g]kfnL ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?nfO} ;Daf]wg ub}{
g]kfndf k"0f{ nf]stGq k|flKtsf] nflu ;+3if{/t g]skf -dfcf]jbL_ sf jl/i7 g]tfx?
s=ls/0f / s=uf}/jnfO{ ef/t ;/sf/n] cljnDa l/xfO ug'{kg]{ dfu ug'{eof] . pxf“n]
g]kfndf l5§} /fhtGqsf] ;dflKt / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g] klg atfpg'eof] .

cGo jQmfx?df jl/i7 kqsf/ clgn rdl8of,
dfgj clwsf/sdL{ uf}td gjnvf, :jtGq g]kfnL a'l4hLjL xl/ /f]sf, ch{'gk|;fb l;+x, /fhs'df/
ef6L, b]xft dhb'/ df]rf{sf j]nf dlns x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“x?sf cltl/Qm wgf{
sfo{qmddf dGtJo /fVg] cGo jQmfdf g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt, ef/tsf s]Gb|Lo
cWoIF nId0f kGt x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“n] s=ls/0f / s=uf}/jsf] l/xfOsf] k|Zg g]kfnsf]
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ng;“u hf]l8Psf]n] ;a} If]qaf6 cfGbf]ng ;kmn kfg{ ;xof]usf]
nflu cfx\jfg ug'{eof] . wgf{ sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng jl/i7 kqsf/ clgn rdl8ofn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIFtf :jtGq jfd lrGts cfgGb:j?k jdf{n] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .

cfh gof“ lbNnLdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng

gof“ lbNnL, r}q !(÷ef/tdf k|jf;L g]kfnL dhb'/aLr
g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf lqmofzLn ljleGg hg;+u7gx?sf] xfn}
ul7t ;+o'Qm df]rf{ …/fhtGq lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs df]rf{Úsf] cfof]hgfdf
cfufdL r}q @& -clk|t (_ df gof“ lbNnLdf x'g] a[xt\ hgk|bz{gsf] hfgsf/L lbg cfh
lbNnLsf] k|]; Snj ckm Ol08ofdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng x'g]ePsf] 5 .

;+o'Qm hgk|bz{gsf nflu d'DaO{df ;ldlt

d'DaO{, r}q !*÷g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{
k|jf;af6 PsLs[t e} ;3fpg] p2]Zosf ;fy ul7t g]kfnL PsLs[t hgk|bz{g ;ldlt, ck|]n
(, @))^ n] cfufdL r}q @& -clk|n ( tfl/v_ ut] d'DaO{sf] cfhfb d}bfgdf a[xt\
hgk|bz{g ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;f] ;ldltdf g]kfnL hgsNof0f ;ldlt–d'DaO{, g]kfnL hg;Dks{
;ldlt–ef/t, d'DaO{ k|jf;L g]kfnL ;+3–ef/t / g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt–ef/tsf
k|ltlglwx? ;lDdlnt 5g\ .

cl:t dfr{ @* df tL ;+u7gx?sf k|ltlgwx?åf/f
x:tfIf/;lxt hf/L ul/Psf] Pp6f ;+o'Qm jQmJodf d'DaO{;lxt dxf/fi6«, uf]jf / u'h/fhdf
a:g] ;Dk"0f{ nf]stGqk|]dL g]kfnL hg;d'bfo, cGo ;+3–;+:yf, kqsf/, a'l4hLjL, clwsf/sdL{nfO{
hgk|bz{gdf ;xeflu eO{ g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt ;lqmo P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug{
cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .

Baburam Bhattarai- Belabakhatka Kura

2006-03-31T02:47:00.000-08:00

New Page 1

a]nfavtf s'/f

v'§f s“kfP/ h“3f/ tl/+b}g

) afa'/fd e§/fO{

;fdGtL /fhtGq lj/f]wL nf]stflGqs
u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os ljGb'lt/ cu|;/ e}/x]sf] j]nf s]xL kf6L{x¿sf]
g]t[Tjk+lQmdf /x]sf JolQmx¿n] v'§f s“kfpg yfn]sf] / cfGbf]ngnfO{ leqleq} cGt/3ft
ug{ pBt /x]sf] eGg] vj/n] ;Dk"0f{ nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf ;xofqLx¿nfO{ s]xL lrlGtt
/ s]xL cfqmf]lzt t'NofPsf] 5 . ut d+;L/df ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s !@–a'“b] ;dembf/LnfO{
eTsfpg leqleq} lqmoflzn /x]sf To:tf tTjx¿nfO{ k/flht u/]/ r}q ^ ut] bf]>f] ;dembf/L
;DkGg ePkl5 / cfufdL r}q @$ ut]b]lv ;zQm cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ePkl5 ;j}
kf6L{x¿leqsf OdfGbf/ nf]stGqjfbL g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿df tyf cfd hg;d'bfodf ;d]t
7"nf] /fxt / pT;fxsf] ;+rf/ ePsf] xf] . …n+sf lhTg] xg'dfg, hz vf]Hg] 9]8'Ú eg]
em}+ sltkon] of] bf]>f] ;dembf/L lgdf{0f ug{ h]h:tf] >]osf] bfjL u/] klg
dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tj / d'VotM cWoIf s=k|r08n] clGtd ;do;Dd klg c;fWo} lhDd]jf/Ljf]wsf
;fy nrstf / Tofusf] k|bz{g gu/]sf] eP !@–j'“b] ;dembf/L lj¿4 cGt/3ft ul//x]sf :jb]zL
/ ljb]zL tTjx¿ sl/j sl/j ;kmn e};s]sf lyP eGg] lttf] oyfy{ xf] . zfxL kml;jfbL ;Qf
lj¿4 PsLs[t / ;+o'Qm k|xf/ s]lGb|t ug{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ ck]lIft lgisif{;Dd k'¥ofpgs}
lglDt g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\n] cfgf ;a} 3f]lift ;+3if{sf
sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lnP/ r}q @$ b]lv @& ut]sf] b]zJofkL cfd x8\tfn, c;xof]u cfGbf]ng
/ sf7df08f}+s]lGb|t hgk|bz{gx¿nfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] . k/Gt'
d08n] u[xdGqL sdn yfkfn] cfgf] xtf; / k/flht dfgl;stfnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ ;+;bjfbL
bnx¿nfO{ klg dfcf]jfbL ;/x g} Jojxf/ ug]{ kmf];|f] Wjf“; ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ljlQs} …hf]uLb]lv
e}+;L 8/f / e}+;Lb]lv hf]uL 8/fÚ eGg] pvfgsf] k'g/fj[lQ ub{} s]xL kf6L{sf
g]tfx¿n] v'§f s“kfpg / ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ dTy/ kfg]{ s'/f ug{ yfn]kl5 l:ylt
s]xL ;+j]bgzLn aGg k'u]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;j} kf6L{leqsf OdfGbf/ nf]stGqjfbL g]tf /
sfo{stf{x¿ tyf gful/s ;dfh / cfd hg;d'bfo ;d]tn] of] s'/fnfO{ plrt u+eL/tfk"j{s
lnP/ o:tf] lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngsf] 38Ldf x8\tfn tf]8'jf
(strike-breaker)
sf] l3gnfUbf] e"ldsf v]Ng vf]Hg] tTjx¿nfO{
j]n}df gf+u]emf/ kfg{ / ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ lgjf{w cl3 j9fP/ tflTjs
lgisif{;Dd k'¥ofpg ljz]if rgfvf] / lqmofzLn jGg'k/]sf] 5 .

olta]nf ;j}n] /fd|/L j'‰g' kg]{ d'Vo
s'/f s] xf] eg] ljleGg :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL if8\oGqsf afjh'b cem} cfTdut ?kn] ge};s]
klg j:t'ut ¿kdf lgdf{0f e};s]sf] ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ leq}af6 cGt/Wj{+;
u/]/ ef“8\g' jfx]s zfxL kmfl;jfbL ;Qfsf] cfo' nDJofpg] csf]{ jf6f] cj k6Ss}
jf“sL 5“b}5}g . jf:tjdf ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGq clxn];Dd of] ?kdf l6Sg ;s]sf] k'/fgf]
…km'6fpm / /fh u/Ú sf] gLltnfO{ s'zntfk"j{s k|of]u u/]/ dfq} xf] . p;sf]
kmfl;jfbL bdg / lx+;fsf] xts08fx¿ cj qmdzM lgik|efjL jlg;s]sf 5g\ . of] l:yltdf
p;n] ;s];Dd kf6L{ kf6L{ jLrdf / geP kf6L{ leq} km'6 kf/]/ cfGbf]ngsf] zlQmnfO{
sdhf]/ kfg]{ / cfºgf] lg/+s'z ;Qfsf] cfo' nDJofpg] tl/sfnfO{ g} cfgf] d'Vo
xltof/ jgfpg vf]Hg' s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f xf]Og . xfd|f] h:tf] jx'juL{o / lvr8L ;+:s[ltn]
o'Qm ;dfhdf qmflGtsf/L l:kl/6, :jfledfg, g}ltstf u'dfO;s]sf / ;QfkIfsf] bnfnL /
rfs8L u/]/ lhp“bf] nf;sf] ?kdf jf“lr/x]sf dfG5]x¿sf] s'g} sdL x'“b}g . s'g} j]nf
qmflGtsf/L sfd u/]/ hgtfdf 5lj jgfO;s]sf t/ kl5 lhp“bf] nf;df kl/0ft e};s]sf
To:tf tTjx¿ s'g} kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf k'u]sf eP ltgn] P]gdf}sfdf cfGbf]ngnfO{ wf]sf
lbP/ k|ltlqmofjfbsf] ;]jf ug{ 7"n} e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ . k'/fgf /fodfemLx¿ / t'n;L
lu/Lx¿ tyf gof“ /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLx¿ / k|sfz sf]O/fnfx¿n] gf+uf] / 3f]lift ?kd}
nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ nft xfg]/ k|ltlqmofjfbsf] ;]jf ub{5g\ eg] csf{yl/n] rflx+
ef}lts ?kdf cfGbf]ngleq} /x]/ ljleGg jxfgfdf cfGbf]ngnfO{ ef“8\g] jf To;nfO{ unt
lbzfdf df]8\g] k|oTg ub{5g\ . oltj]nf To:t} s]xL tTjx¿n] 6fpsf] p7fpg vf]lh/x]5g\
/ 3f]lift cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ of] jf pm jxfgfdf sdhf]/ kfg]{ / lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf]
;]jf ug]{ b'ik|of; ul//x]5g\ . ;j} kf6L{leqsf OdfGbf/ nf]stGqjfbLx¿n] j]n}df
To:tf tTjx¿sf] klxrfg u/]/ ltgnfO{ gf+u]emf/ kfg{ / 3f]lift ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdnfO{
sdhf]/ xf]Og cem} ;zQm kf/]/ pTsif{;Dd k'¥ofpg hf]8 nufpg'k/]sf] 5 .

csf]{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg]
cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] cfÎg} j:t'ut lgod / ult x'G5 . /fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] Tof]
ljsf;sf] lgodnfO{ 7Ls;+u j'em]/ of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] th{'df ug{'kb{5 . Tof] lgod
eGbf jflx/ uP/ of]hgf / sfo{qmd jgfOof] eg] h;sf] lgot hlt;'s} kljq / /fd|f] eP
klg Tof] ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g . clxn] 3f]lift r}q @$ b]lv @& ut]sf] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd
ljutb]lvsf] lg/+s'z /fhtGqlj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] lg/Gt/ / pRr s8Lsf] ?kdf k|:t't
ePsf] xf] . ljutdf ;ft kf6L{, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_, gful/s ;dfh, k]zfut ;+3–;+:yf,
hgjuL{o ;+u7g cflbsf 5'§f5'§} ;+3if{sf wf/ / pkwf/x¿ /x“b} cfPsf]df clxn] tL ;j}nfO{
Ps} 7fp“df ;dflxt u/]/ b]zJofkL cfd x8\tfnsf] ?k lbOPsf] xf] . cfd x8\tfn eg]sf]
d"n /fhgLlts nIonfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ / c¿ cf+lzs dfu / nIonfO{ To;sf] k"/s jgfP/
;j} tx / tKsfsf hgtfn] Ps};fy ug]{ …/fhgLlts x8\tfnÚ xf] . of] P]ltxfl;s ?kn]
ljsl;t / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|rlnt hg;+3if{sf] ;jf]{Rr ?k xf] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
o:tf] /fhgLlts x8\tfn Tolt gf}nf] / 7"nf] s'/f] geP klg of] k|:tfljt x8\tfnsf]
ljz]if /fhgLlts dxTj / cy{ 5 . klxnf] s'/f, ljutdf 5'§f5'§} ;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf
;ft kf6L{ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] clxn] Ps} ;fy Pp6} sfo{qmddf ;xefuL jGg' ljz]if
P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] s'/f xf] . bf]>f] @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] j]nf /fhtGq lj/f]wL
hgljb|f]x pTsif{df k'u]sf] lbg r}q @$ ut] / To;}sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k ax'bnLo
k|0ffnLsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lbg r}q @^ ut]nfO{ ;+u} kf/]/ ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd /flvg'n]
tL b'j} lbgsf] dxTjnfO{ Psfsf/ ub}{ gof“ P]ltxfl;s lbgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ k|oTg e}/x]sf]
s'/fnfO{ cleJoQm ub{5 . To; cy{df h;/L !@–j'“b] ;dembf/Ln] gLltut ?kdf b]zdf
j[xb nf]stflGqs Pstfsf] cfwf/ v8f u/]sf] lyof] To;}jf6 cl3 j9]/ of] sfo{qmn]
;+3if{ut Pstfsf] hu lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] s'g} klg jxfgfdf of] ;+3if{sf]
sfo{qmdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{' jf sdhf]/ kfg{' eg]sf] Tof] j[xb\ nf]stflGqs PstfnfO{
sdhf]/ kfg{' / k|sf/fGt/n] lg/+s'z /fhtGqnfO{ jlnof] kfg{' xf] . of] k|:tfljt /fhgLlts
x8\tfn ;+u;+u} zfxL ;QfnfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] cj1f / c;xof]u ug]{ / sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf
j[xb\ hgk|bz{g ug]{ s'/fsf] klg ljz]if cy{ / dxTj 5 . b]zdf ljBdfg ;j} k'/fgf ;+ljwfg,
lgod, sfg"gnfO{ ldr]/ of] zfxL ;Qf l;km{ kmf}hL jndf dfq l6s]sf] x'“bf p;sf ;j}
cfb]z, lgif]wf1f, So"{ cflbsf] cj1f / pNn+3g ug]{ tyf p;nfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf
s/, dx;"n glt/]/ cfly{s ¿kn] ;d]t c;kmn kfg]{ ;f] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdsf] dg;fo xf]
. To;/L g} zfxL ;Qf cj j:t'tM sf7df08f}+ pkTosf leq} s}b ePsfn] To;nfO{ 7f8f]
r'gf}tL lbg / ljZj ;dIf gf+u]emf/ kfg{ sf7df08f}+ s]lGb|t j[xb\ hgk|bz{gx¿sf]
cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] xf] . /fhwfgL jflx/sf hgtf / ljz]iftM u|fdL0f If]qsf hgtf
klxNo} zfxL ;Qf lj¿4 ljb|f]xdf plq;s]sf] / pgLx¿n] ct'ngLo Tofu / jlnbfg ul/;s]sf]
l:yltdf cj /fhwfgL pkTosfsf hgtf ;d]t lj/f]wdf pq]/ p;nfO{ Oltxf;sf] /+ud+rjf6
ljbf lbg' h¿/L e};s]sf] 5 . o;/L !@–j'“b] ;dembf/Ls} 7f]; cleJolQmsf] ?kdf cfPsf]
r}q @$ ut] b]lvsf] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdsf] P]ltxfl;s dxTj /x]sf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf /xGg
. t/ To;nfO{ of] jf p jxfgfdf ;+zf]wg ug]{, lkmtnf] kfg]{ sfd s;}jf6 x'G5 eg]
p;sf] lgotdfly uDeL/ z+sf p7fpg} k5{ / To;sf] ;j} nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿n] s8f
k|ltjfb ug}{kb{5 .

;j} nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿n] /fd|/L
cfTd;ft ug{'kg]{ csf]{ c;fWo} dxTjk"0f{ / uDeL/ s'/f s] xf] eg] ljut bz jif{sf
dxfg\ hgo'4sf o'ufGtsf/L pknJwLx¿nfO{ lgif]w jf Go"gLs/0f u/]/ / bzf}+ xhf/ jL/
zxLbx¿sf] /utsf] d"Nodf lgdf{0f ePsf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfg} hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
e"ldsfnfO{ cf]em]ndf kf/]/ g t lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo x'g ;S5, gt s'g} klg k|sf/sf]
…k"0f{ nf]stGqÚ sf] :yfkgf x'g ;Sb5 . /fhtGqsf] clGtd /Ifsjrsf] ?kdf /x]sf] b/jfl/of
e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ cGttM k/f:t gu/Lsg / ljleGg ju{, hflt, If]q, ln+usf]
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ gof“ nf]stflGqs /fli6«o ;]gfsf] lgdf{0f gu/];Dd km]l/ klg gof“ :yfkgf
x'g] nf]stGqsf] xljut @)!& ;fn k'; ! ut] / @)^! ;fn df3 !( ut]sf] h:t} x'g]
lglZrt 5 . of] l:yltdf sf]/f cfbz{jfbL 9+un] ;fdfGo gf/fjfhL u/]s} jf ljGtLkq
r9fPs} e/df lg/+s'z /fhtGq 9Ng]5 / nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf x'g]5 eGg] sNkgf ug{'
xf:of:kb / d"v{tfk"0f{ s'/f xf] . km]l/ klg ljBdfg /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o
zlQm;Gt'ngnfO{ Wofg lbP/ clxn];Ddsf] hgo'4sf] pknJwLsf] /Iff ub}{ /fHosf]
cu|ufdL k'g{+/rgf u/]/ cfufdL lbgdf k|lt:kwf{Tds /fhgLlts 9+un] cl3 j9f}+ eGg]
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ k|:tfj /fv]s} xf] . Tolt uDeL/ s'/fsf]
dxTjnfO{ gj'em]/ jf j'em krfP/ / b]zdf ljBdfg w/ftnLo oyfy{nfO{ r6Ss} lj;]{/
sltkon] cem} klg dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cfTd;dk{0f ug{ vf]h]s} x'g\ jf slyt ;'/lIft cjt/0f
dfq vf]h]sf x'g\ eGg] 9+usf ;fj{hlgs cleJolQmx¿ lbO/xg' Hofb} cfklQhgs s'/f xf]
. cfkm'nfO{ nf]stGqjfbL eGg]x¿dWo]jf6} To:tf] cleJolQm cfO/xg'n] To;n] ;Rrf
nf]stflGqs PstfnfO{ k6Ss} jn k'¥ofp“b}g / k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5}g . vfzu/L ;+o'Qm
cfGbf]ngnfO{ an k'¥ofpgs} lglDt gfsfjGbL nufotsf sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lnOPsf]df To;sf]
3f]/ cjd"Nog ub}{ dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ cfGbf]ngaf6 cnUofpg jf pgLx¿sf] xft
jf“w]/ lgliqmo kfg{ dfq …bf]>f] ;dembf/LÚ ePsf] xf] eGg] lx;fjn] k|:t't x'g'
Hofb} u}/–lhDd]jf/k"0f{ / nf]stflGqs cfGbf]nglj/f]wL s'/f xf] . xfdLnfO{ cfgf
;+3if{sf sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng jfWo kfg]{ / cfkm'n] klg dg nufP/ ;+3if{ gug]{ xf]
eg] Tof] l;w} lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] ;]jf ug]{ rfnjfhL dfq xf] eGg] s;n] j'‰b}g / <
of] l:yltdf olb of] jf p jxfgfdf 3f]lift ;+o'Qm ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ PstkmL{ ?kdf
jbn]/ sdhf]/ kfg]{ / hgo'4sf/L zlQmnfO{ e"ldsfxLg / lgliqmo kfg]{ if8\oGq x'G5
eg] Tof] qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] k|Zg} p7\b}g . xfd|f] k|oTg cGTo;Dd ;fdGtjfb
/ ;fd|fHojfb lj¿4 ;j};+u Pstf ug]{ g} x'G5, t/ cfjZos kbf{ xfdL k'gM PSn}
df]rf{df 86\g klg lxlRsrfpg] 5}gf}+ . xfdLn] bz jif{ PSn} nl8;s]sf 5f}+ eg]
cfjZos kbf{ csf]{ bz jif{ klg To;/L g} n8\g ;S5f}+ eGg] ;a}n] a'lem/fVbf /fd|}
x'g]5 .

cGTodf, @#& jif{b]lv h/f uf8]/ j;]sf]
;fdGtL /fhtGqnfO{ pGd"ng u/]/ b]zdf nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf] dfu{ k|z:t ug{
;j} nf]stGqjfbL zlQmx¿ jLrsf] Pstf h¿/L 5 eGg] xfdL cem} klg 7fG5f}+ / To;sf]
lglDt cfcfgf] tkm{af6 k|oTgzLn /xg xfdL s[t;+sNk 5f]+ . t/ Pstfsf] lglDt Pstf
geP/ nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt Pstf cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . olb s'g} Pstfn]
nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 j9fpg' ;§f To;nfO{ lzlyn kfg]{ jf To;df ef“hf] xfNg]
sfd u5{ eg] To:tf] Pstf eGbf qmflGtsf/L km'6 w]/} u'gf /fd|f] x'G5 . xfdL cfzf
ub{5f}+, ;j} kIfn] j]n}df uDeL/ jg]/ !@–j'“b] ;dembf/Ldf cfwfl/t PstfnfO{ jlnof]
kfb}{ lg/+s'z /fhtGqlj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ pTsif{df k'¥ofpg] k|oTg ug]{5g\ . ;fy}
hf]h;n] clxn] cfGbf]ngsf] cf“wLj]x/L l;h{gf ug]{ j]nfdf :jo+ v'§f s“kfP/
hg;d'bfosf] dgf]an lu/fpg] sfd ub}{5g\ pgLx¿n] lj;f}+ ztfJbLsL dxfg\ dlxnf
qmflGtsf/L /f]hf nSh]Dju{sf] …cfd x8\tfnÚ ;DjGwL lgDg egfOnfO{ dgg ug]{5g\– ……;fdflhs
hgjfbLx¿sf] ;';+ut, b[9, k|ultzLn sfo{gLltn] hg;d'bfodf ;'/Iff, cfTdljZjf; /
;+3if{sf] rfxgfsf] efj k}bf ub{5 eg] ;j{xf/fju{sf] Go"g d"Nof+sgdf cfwfl/t
9'nd'n], sdhf]/ sfo{gLltn] hg;d'bfonfO{ ckf+u agfpg] / e|ldt kfg]{ sfd ub{5 .ÚÚ
@)^@ r}q !%

hgfb]z ;fKtflxs

jif{ !%, c+s !*, @)^@ ;fn r}q !% ut] d+unjf/,
dfr{ @*, @))^

2006-03-30T02:37:00.001-08:00

r}q @& ut] lbNnLdf ;+o'Qm kbz{g x'g]

gof“ lbNnL, r}q !^÷ r}q ^ ut] ;ft bn / dfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf] bf];f] ;dembf/LnfO{ k:yfg ljGb' dfGb} ef/tdf g]kfnsf] nf]stGqsf] kIfdf ;+3if{/t ljleGg g]kfnL hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?, dfgjlwsf/sdL{, kqsf/ / :jtGq JolQmx? ;lDdlnt Pp6f ;femf df]rf{sf] u7g ePsf] 5 . oxL r}q !% ut] -@* dfr{_df g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt ef/tsf] lbNnLl:yt s]GbLo ;Dks{ sfof{nodf a;]sf] ;+o'Qm a}7sn] r}q @& -clkn ( tfl/v_ ut] lbNnLdf æ/fhtGq cGt u/f}+, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9f}+Æ sf] ;femf gf/f cGtu{t Pp6} Aofg/ / d~rdf kbz{g ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

a}7sn] clkn ( tfl/vsf] ;+o'Qm hgkbz{gsf nflu cfof]hs ;ldltsf] u7g u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hs ;ldltsf] gfdfs/0f æ/fhtGq lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs df]rf{Æ ul/Psf] 5 . a}7sn] hgkbz{gsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos kg{] ;a} tof/L ug{sf nflu ;a}nfO{ 7f]; lhDdf klg ls6fg u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ( tfl/vsf] ;+o'Qm hgkbz{gk"j{ r}q !( ut] -! clkn_ df kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ug{] / r}q @$ ut] -^ clkn_ ;ldltsf tkm{af6 ljrf/ uf]i7L ug{] lg0f{o ePsf] klg hgfOPsf] 5 .

a}7sdf g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltsf tkm{af6 s]GbLo cWoIf nId0f kGt, s]GbLo sf]iffWoIf /fh]Gb zdf{, u0ftGqjfbL o'jf g]tf sdn If]qL, kjf;L g]kfnL ;+3sf tkm{af6 cWoIf /fdnfn sfkm\n], hg;Dks{ ;ldltsf dxfdGqL ofbj l3ld/] tyf To;} ;ldltsf sfof{no dGqL jfns[i0f kf08], :jtGq jfd lrGts xl/ /f]sf, clwsf/sdL{ lbg]z k;fO{+, nf]stGq dfl;ssf ;Dkfbs z}n]z cfrfo{, g]kfnL hgsNof0f ;ldltsf /fdaxfb'/ a:g]t / lji0f' vgfn, t/fO 8]df]qm]l6s kmG6sf nfnafa' zfx / czf]s s'df/ kf08] tyf g]kfnL nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng ;xof]u ;ldlt, ef/tsf dfwj sf]O/fnf tyf z]/l;+x kfsL, :jtGq a'l4hLjL clgn e6\6fO{nufot cGo g]kfnL nf]stGqjfbLx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . a}7sn] !% ;b:oLo cfof]hs ;ldltsf] u7g u/]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm a}7sdf lgdGq0fsf afah'b df]xgljqmdn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] d;fn kf6L{sf] df]rf{–d"nkjfxsf s'g} klg kltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyPg . o;af6 …d"nkjfxÚ ca hgtftkm{ jf stf < eGg] kZg ;xh} pkl:yt x'g k'u]sf] ko{j]Ifsx? atfp“5g\ .

pk/f]Qm cg';f/ u7g ePsf] ;+o'Qm hg;+3if{ ;ldltn] g]kfndf hf/L nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf ef/tLo g]kfnLaLr hgdt ;[li6 ug{] / g]kfnsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ Pp6f ;zQm ;Gb]z lbg] ljZjf; JoQm ul/Psf] 5 .

2006-03-27T02:57:00.000-08:00

पेरिसमा युवराजको विरोध

सोमबार, २७ मार्च २००६
युरोप भ्रमणको क्रममा पेरिस पुगेका युवराज पारससमक्ष १३ चैतमा त्यहाँ रहेका नेपालीहरुले विरोध प्रदर्शन गरेका छन्।
देशको सम्पति दुरुपयोग गरेर मोजमस्ती गर्दै भ्रमण गरेको भन्दै प्रदर्शनकारीहरुले कालो झ्ण्डा देखाएर विरोध जनाएका थिए। पूर्वनिर्धारित कार्यक्रम अनुसार हिजो पेरिसको थोक्रादेरो भन्ने ठाउँमा उनीहरुले कालो झ्ण्डा देखाएका थिए। त्यसपछि उनीहरु बेलुका युवराज पारस भोजमा संलग्न भइरहेको युनेस्को भवन अगाडि समेत विरोध प्रर्दशन गर्न पुगेका थिए। तर कडा सुरक्षा व्यवस्थाका कारण उनीहरुले त्यहाँ कालो झ्ण्डा देखाउन सकेनन्। उक्त प्रर्दशनमा भाग लिन जर्मनी र बेल्जियमबाट समेत नेपालीहरु पेरिस पुगेका थिए। कार्यक्रममा भेला भएका नेपालीहरुबीच लोकतान्त्रिक मञ्च पेरिसका सदस्य अशोक न्यौपानेले भने, “देश रगतमा डुबेका बेला दरवारियाहरु देशको सम्पति उडाएर मोजमस्ती गर्दै हिँडेकाले हामीले यो विरोध गरेका हौँ।” मन्चका अर्का सदस्य हरिहर अर्यालले भने, “काठमाडौँमा हप्तामा एक घन्टा पानी दिन नसक्नेहरु रु.६ करोड खर्च गरेर विदेशमा मोजमस्ती गर्दैछन्।” मुलुकको वर्तमान समस्या समाधानमा राजनीतिक दलहरुले नै नेतृत्वदायी भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नुपर्ने समेत उनीहरुको ठहर छ।

www.himalkhabar.com

Janadesh, March 14 Issue

2006-03-15T21:41:00.000-08:00

hgfb]z ;fKtflxs
jif{ !%, c+s !^, @)^@ ;fn r}q ! ut] d+unjf/, dfr{ !$, @))^

d'Vo ;dfrf/x?
/jLGb| / cg's"n dfcf]jfbL kf6L{af6 lg:sfl;t
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ /jLGb| / cg's"nnfO{ qmflGtsf] euf}8f, lg/+s'z /fhtGq / k|ltqmflGtsf ;]js 3f]if0ff ub}{ kf6L{af6 lg:sf;gsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{sf cWoIF s=k|r08n] cfh Ps jQmJo hf/L ug'{x'“b} eGg'ePsf] 5–æ/jLGb| / cg's"nn] slyt ckLndfkm{t\ g]t[Tjsf lj?4 u/]sf lgs[i6 ufnLunf}hnfO{ kf6L{s]Gb| k"0f{ ?kdf vf/]h ub{5 / pgLx¿sf] o;k|sf/sf] k|rf/afhLnfO{ k|ltqmflGtsf/L lqmofsnfksf ?kdf 3[0ff / eT;{gf ub{5 .Æ
æqmflGtsf] ljsf;qmddf To;n] cfkm"leqaf6 cgfjZos kmf]xf]/d}nf (bi-product) lgsfn]/ kmfNg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . clxn] /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] alxu{dg qmflGtsf] ToxL clgjfo{ lgodsf] gof“ s8L dfq xf],Æ cWoIf s=k|r08n] cufl8 eGg'ePsf] 5–æ/jLGb| / cg's"nsf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L, euf}8f rl/qnfO{ xfd|f] l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQm, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;du| of]4fx¿ tyf gof“ ;Qf / cfd hgk+lQm Psl9Ssf eP/ gf+u]emf/ kfg]{5g\ .Æ
cWoIF s=k|r08n] hf/L ug'{ePsf] jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 o;k|sf/ 5–
lxhf] kmfNu'0f @(, @)^@ sf ldltdf /jLGb| / cg's"nsf gfdaf6 k|rf/ ul/Psf] slyt ax;sf] clknk|lt kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] wf/0ff / lg0f{o :ki6 ug{ of] k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!_ xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{n] cfh af≈o ?kdf ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf] gfOs]sf lj?4 tyf cfGtl/s ?kdf ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 lgd{d / lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fdGtLtGqsf lj?4 kf6L{åf/f 3f]lift gfsfjGbLsf] k"j{;GWofdf kf6L{sf gLlt / g]t[Tjsf lj?4 ;fj{hlgs ljifjdg u/]/ /jLGb| / cg's"nn] j:t'tM cfkm}nfO{ kf6L{ / qmflGtaf6 cnUofP/ lg/+s'z 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf k[i7kf]ifssf ?kdf pEofPsf 5g\ . cfºgf lgof]lht c/fhs / c/fhg}lts lqmofsnfksf sf/0f s]xL lbg klxn] dfq s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 lgnDag ul/Psf /jLGb| / cg's"nnfO{ k"0f{ ktg x'gaf6 arfpg] clGtd k|of;sf ?kdf kf6L{n] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] dfGotfcg';f/ cfºgf c;Gt'li6x¿ cg'zfl;t 9+un] s]Gb|df k|:t't ug{ lgb]{lzt u/]sf] lyof] . t/, kf6L{ / qmflGtaf6 efUg] dgl:yltdf k'lu;s]sf pgLx¿n] kf6L{df ljrf/ k|:t't u/L lgs6 eljiodf of]hgfj4 ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg lglZrt ePsf] dxfg\ ax;sf] ;fdgf ug]{ cf“6 geP/ g} cfh qmflGtsf lj?4 k|ltqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ euf}8f / u2f/Lsf] kl/ro lbg k'u]sf 5g\ . ctM kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] /jLGb| / cg's"nnfO{ qmflGtsf euf}8f, lg/+s'z /fhtGq / k|ltqmflGtsf ;]js 3f]if0ff ub}{ kf6L{af6 lg:sf;gsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
@_ /jLGb| / cg's"nn] slyt clkndfkm{t\ g]t[Tjsf lj?4 u/]sf lgs[i6 ufnLunf}hnfO{ kf6L{s]Gb| k"0f{ ?kdf vf/]h ub{5 / pgLx¿sf] o;k|sf/sf] k|rf/afhLnfO{ k|ltqmflGtsf/L lqmofsnfksf ?kdf 3[0ff / eT;{gf ub{5 . slyt clkndf cfºgf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L euf}8f rl/qdfly kbf{ xfNg] ldYof k|of;sf ?kdf cToGt oflGqs, e2f / ljs[t 9+un] p7fOPsf æ;}4flGtsÆ k|Zgx¿dfly pgLx¿;“u s'g} u+eL/ ax; x'g} ;Sb}g . ju{;+3if{sf] lgtfGt ;+j]bgzLn df]8df lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ul//x]sf dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtf tyf To;qmddf k|f0ff]T;u{ ug]{ dxfg\ zxLbx¿sf] /utsf lj?4 ;fdGtL kmfl;jfbL 1fg]Gb|, sdn yfkfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] u2f/x¿;“u s'g} ax; x'g} ;Sb}g . kf6L{n] cfufdL dxflwj]zgsf nflu of]hgfj4 9+un] ax; cufl8 a9fpg] k|d'v sfo{;"rL tyf kf6L{ / qmflGtk|lt lgi7fjfg qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] cfºgf dtdtfGt/x¿nfO{ /rgfTds 9+un] k|:t't ug]{ j}1flgs ljlw ;d]t lglZrt ul/;s]sf] 5 . Tof] cj:yfdf kf6L{af6 e"ldut eO{ b'Zdgsf] lsQfdf pleP/ ax;sf] s'/f ug]{ /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] k|nfknfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] cfTd;dk{0fsf/L lrTsf/sf ?kdf vf/]h ub{5 .
#_ ju{;+3if{sf] cfhsf] ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf olt 7"nf] ljrngsf] lzsf/ x'g k'u]sf /jLGb|sf] k[i7e"ld kf6L{leq lgtfGt cfTds]lGb|t, ;GsL, ljjfbf:kb / cltjfbL k|sf/sf] /x“b} cfPsf] lyof] . ;+u7gdf hxf“ lhDdf ln“bf klg s]xLnfO{ c:jfefljs ?kn] sfvL RofKg' / c?x¿nfO{ kfvf nufpg', u'6jGbL ug'{ / ef“8e}nf] dRrfpg vf]Hg' /jLGb|sf] rfl/lqs ljz]iftf g} lyof] . ut sfndf b'Zdgsf] sAhfdf /x“bf pgsf lqmofsnfk ;Gb]xf:kb /x]sf] s'/f Tolta]nf pgL;“u} h]n a:g] cGo sd/]8x¿åf/f lnlvt / df}lvs b'j} ?kdf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf l/kf]6{x¿ cfPsf lyP . tL l/kf]6{x¿sf] cfwf/df kf6L{s]Gb|n] cfºgf] cg';Gwfg k|lqmofnfO{ clxn] klg cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] h'g kl/j]zdf / h'g 9+un] pgn] kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf lj?4 ljifjdg u/]sf 5g\ / h;/L sdn yfkfx¿sf] jStJo cfO/x]sf] 5, To;n] of] s'g} ;+of]u dfq} geP/ lgof]lht ePsf] s'/fnfO{ u+eL/ ?kn] ;+s]t ul//x]sf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ut a}7ssf] tof/Lsf qmddf cfkm"nfO{ gof“ lk“9Lsf] of]Uo / sd/]8 k|r08sf] pQ/flwsf/Lsf ?kdf æ:yflktÆ ug{ pgn] v]n]sf] rfs8L, 3'sL{ / wDsLk"0f{ e"ldsfsf sf/0f a}7sdf pgL k"/} cnuynu x'g k'u]sf lyP . cfºgf] cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbL / r/d dxTjsf+IfL k|j[lt ;Rofpg k|oTg ug'{sf] ;§f cx+sf/ / k|ltzf]wsf] lzsf/ x'g k'u]sf /jLGb| cGttM cfnf]s k|j[ltnfO{ w]/} kl5 5f]8]/ dxf–cfnf]ssf] kl/ro lbg k'u] .
To;}u/L cg's"nsf] rl/q klg xd];f oflGqs / cltjfbL k|sf/sf] /x“b} cfPsf] lyof] . uPsf] b'O{ jif{b]lv 3f]/ lg/fzf, knfog / blIf0fkGyL lj;h{gjfbsf] /f]uaf6 pgL u|:t /x“b} cfPsf lyP . cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{df cfºgf pQ]hs cleJolQm dfkm{t\ km'6 / lj;h{g a9fpg] s'/fdf g} pgsf] ;lqmotf /xg] u/]sf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ut a}7snfO{ alx:sf/ u/]/ pgn] cfºgf] knfog / lj;h{gjfbL rl/qsf] kl/ro lbO g} ;s]sf lyP . ljutsf] cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{df kf6L{ x]8Sjf6{/ -s= k|r08_sf] cf8 lnP/ km'6jfbnfO{ dnhn ug]{ /jLGb| tyf s=afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] cf8 lnP/ ToxL s;/t ug]{ cg's"nsf aLrsf] of] u7jGwg lgtfGt c/fhg}lts, cg}lts / euf}8fx¿sf] u7jGwg l;jfo c? s]xL gePsf] tYo :ki6 5 .
$_ qmflGtsf] ljsf;qmddf To;n] cfkm"leqaf6 cgfjZos kmf]xf]/ d}nf (bi-product) lgsfn]/ kmfNg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . clxn] /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] alxu{dg qmflGtsf] ToxL clgjfo{ lgodsf] gof“ s8L dfq xf] . 1fg]Gb| / sdn yfkfh:tf lg/+s'z tTjx¿b]lv cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;Ddsf tTjx¿n] o;af6 kf6L{ sdhf]/ x'g] ;kgf b]v]sf 5g\ eg] Tof] ;kgf To;/L g} b'M:jKg dfq x'g]5, h;/L ljutdf cfnf]s k|j[ltsf qmddf ePsf] lyof] . kmf]xf]/ d}nf ldNsfP/ kf6L{ cem :j:y / dhj't agL b'Zdgsf] lj?4 emg\ zlQmzfnL wfjf af]Ng]5 . /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L, euf}8f rl/qnfO{ xfd|f] l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQm, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;du| of]4fx¿ tyf gof“ ;Qf / cfd hgk+lQm Psl9Ssf eP/ gf+u]emf/ kfg]{5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb, 1fg]Gb| zfxL / sdn yfkfx¿sf nflu /jLGb| / cg's"n l;+uf] kxf8 vg]/ d';f lgsfn] eGbf a9L c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 nf]stGq / zflGtsf] o'4df hgtfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt 5 .
o;}u/L Hfg;}Go k|lti7fg Pjd\ ;}Go x]8Sjf6{/sf s= kf;fªn] 5'§} jQmJo k|sflzt ub{} eGg'ePsf] 5–
sl/j @%) aif{ k'/fgf] dWoo'uLg aa{/ ;fdGtL k/Dk/fjfbL ;fdGtL /fh;+:yf sfod /x]sf] g]kfnL e"/fhg}lts cj:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL / /fi6«sf] pGglt / k|ult Pjd\ cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] d'Vo jfwstTj hfnL, cx+sf/L, x7L, kmfl;i6 ;fdGtL bnfn 1fg]Gb| zfxL ;QfnfO{ ;d"n gi6 u/L nf]stflGqs u0ftGq Pj+ hgjfbL u0ftGq g]kfnsf] :yfkgf ug{ ljut bz aif{b]lv dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ;}4flGts cfnf]sdf xfd|f] u}f/jzfnL kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ;+rfng u/]sf] uf}/jzfnL hgo'4 lg/Gt/ ljhosf] lzv/lt/ ;+;f/nfO{ t/+lut ub}{ k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . To;}sf] k[i7e"lddf xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ tyf l;+uf] ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngnfO{ wf/f;foL kfg{ 1fg]Gb| zfxL tyf ;Dk"0f{ /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o k|ltufdL tTjx? cfkm\gf] hGd}b]lvsf] tfut nufP/ lg/Gt/ /Qmkft, xTof, cft+s, n'6, anfTsf/, if8oGq, wf]sfw8L, u'08fubL{, lsga]r, 5]sy'g, 6'6fpkm'6fp / /fh u/ h:tf -sf}l6Nosf] ;fd, bfd, b08, e]b_ gLlt ckgfp+“b} cfPsf] Oltxf; / jt{dfg s;}sf] ;fd' n's]sf] 5}g . ju{b'Zdgsf] To;k|sf/sf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltn] cfGbf]ng -ju{;+3if{_, qmflGtsf/L kf6L{leq a]nfa]nfdf c;/ u/fpg gvf]h]sf] xf]Og . b'Zdgsf] gLlt;“u kf6L{leqsf] Pp6f jfd vf]nleq n's]/ /x]sf] 3fts k|j[lt, clt dxTjsf+Iff, lglxt :jfy{, cfTd;dk{0f, knfog, u2f/L, euf}8f, u'08fubL{ h:tf 3fts k|j[ltn] k|j[ltut ?kdf ju{b'Zdgsf] of]hgf / :jfy{;“u d]n vfG5 . p;sf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltnfO{ e/k"/ ;xof]u ub{5 g ls kf6L{ / qmflGtnfO{ .
ha cfGbf]ng Pp6f df]8df x'G5 ta of] k|j[lt cfkm}+ aflx/ cfp“5 . qmflGtsf/L kf6L{leq ha cfkm\gf] :yfg z'Go x'G5 ta pm cfkm\gf] SofDkdf xfDkmfN5 . ju{;+3if{sf] Oltxf; o:t} 5 . g]kfnL ju{;+3if{sf] Oltxf; klg o;af6 c5'tf] /xg ;Sb}g lyof] . o;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k /jLGb| / cg's"nsf] jQmAoafhLnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . hj ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] u[xdGqL sdn yfkf pRr:t/sf] g]tfnfO{ !) nfv ?k}+ofsf] 3f]if0ff u5{ ta euf}8f / knfogjfbL 3fts k|j[lt ToxL ;do / ;Gbe{df slyt lab|f]xsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5 . ha 1fg]Gb| zfxL ;Qflj?4 ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] cfGbf]ng s]lGb|t x'G5 ToxL ;do / ;Gbe{df 9f]+uL d08n]x?sf] k|hftflGqs asaf; h:t} of] 3fts k|j[ltn] /+u / ?k ljgfsf] gof“ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] s'/f u5{ . ha ju{ b'ZdgnfO{ lg0ffo{s k|xf/ ug{ kf6L{leq dhj't Pstfsf] vf“rf] k5{ ta of] k|j[lt kf6L{ Pstflj?4 v8f x'G5 . ha kf6L{ ljlwjt 9+un] dxfg\ ax;sf] k|lqmofdf cufl8 a9\5 ta of] 3fts k|j[lt cfkm\g} ;+ls0f{tfsf sf/0f kf6L{sf] k2lt, k|lqmof tf]8\5 . ha cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostfcg';f/ sfo{ljefhg ul/G5 ta of] k|j[lt cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] cg';f/ dfu u5{ OToflb OToflb======. o;vfnsf] 3fts k|j[lQ kf6L{leq ljutdf cfnf]s k|j[ltsf] ?kdf b]vfk¥of] h;sf] ;xL ;+Zn]if0f u/]/ kf6L{n] j}rfl/s ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfn cfP/ Tof]eGbf klg 3fts k|j[lt /jLGb| / cg's"ndf b]vfk¥of] . o;sf] lj?4 ;r]t / hf]8bf/ j}rfl/s ;+3if{ rnfO{ o;vfn] k|j[ltnfO{ lgd{d k|xf/ ug{ cfjZos 5 . To;k|sf/sf] jQmJo / k|rf/jfhLsf] s'g} t's 5}g . of] leGg tl/sfsf] jfd vf]nleq n's]sf] ;f]r / lrGtg tl/sfafx]s c? s]xL klg xf]Og . o;sf/0f of] jQmJojfhLsf] s'g} klg e|ddf gk/L ;r]ttfk"j{s ;+3if{ rnfpg cfd kf6L{ k+lQm, hgd'lQm ;]gf, tyf ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{ of] k|]; jQmJodfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fpg hg;}Go k|lti7fg Pjd\ ;}Go x]8Sjf6{/ cfkm\gf] st{Jo 7fGb5 .
wGojfb † nfn ;nfd ††

cfhb]lv ;b/d'sfd gfsfjGbL
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ n] lg/+s'z zfxL ;QfnfO{ clGtd wSsf lbg] of]hgf d'tfljs g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_, hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn / ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb, g]kfnn] cfhb]lv gfsfjGbL ;'? u/]sf] 5 / r}t @) ut];Dd hf/L /xg]5 . d'VotM /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / lhNnf–c~rn–If]qLo ;b/d'sfdx¿sf] gfsfjGbL / rSsfhfd ug{] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .
r}q @! ut]af6 clglZrtsfnLg b]zJofkL /fhgLlts x8\tfn -oftoft, snsf/vfgf, jhf/, lzIf0f;+:yf / sfof{nox? jGb_ ug{] sfo{qmd 5 . kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd tof/L, k|rf/–k|;f/ / hgkl/rfngsf] sfo{qmd lgs} ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .

lg/+s'ztflj?4 nf]stflGqs zlQmx? Ps} 7fp“df
l;Gw'kfNrf]s÷oxL kmfu'g @! ut] /fhwfgL glhssf] lhNnf l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf ljzfn ?kdf pkl:yt ljåtx?sf] hdftsf] aLrdf …nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :Yffkgf r'gf}tL / ;DefjgfÚ ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
hnla/] ufh;df ePsf] of] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|], /fd]5fk, bf]nvfnufot kf“r lhNnfaf6 k|ltlglwTj ePsf] j'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?, lzIfs, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, sfg"g Joj;foL u/L kf“r ;osf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt lyof] . of] a[xt\ cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd …k"0f{ nf]stflGqs d~r, g]kfnÚsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] lyof], h;nfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ dxflwj]zg cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;b:o s=s~rgåf/f ljz]if ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] lyof] . b]z kl/jt{gsf] vflt/ cfkm\gf] k|f0ff]T;u{ ug]{ tdfd zxLbx?k|lt >4f;'dg ck{0f ub}{ z'? ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmd bLk k|HHjng u/L cfof]hs sld6Lsf ;b:o z+s/ g]kfnåf/f pb\3f6g ul/Psf] lyof] .
of] P]ltxfl;s / eJo jf}l4s hdftx?sf] ljrf/ dGygdf s]lGb|t xnnfO{ k|d'v jQmf s=s~rgn] ;Djf]wgsf qmddf ul/dfdo / P]ltxfl;s kmf]/d eGb} zAbf+lst ug'{eof] . ;Djf]wgsf] z'?d}–æd efjgfsf] p“rfOdf t/+lut eO/x]sf] 5', på]lnt klg eO/x]sf] 5' / o;nfO{ dxfljZjljBfnosf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5'Æ eGg'eof] . pxf“n] ædfgj hLjg / ;+3if{ Ps csf{sf kl/k"/s x'g\, hLjgsf] csf]{ gfd ;+3if{ xf], h;n] ;+3if{ ug{;S5, To;sf] cl:tTj /xG5 . pQm ljzfn xnnfO{ OlËt ub}{ pxf“n] eGg'eof]– of] xnn] 7f]; s'/f dg k/fof] hals s'?k / g/fd|f] 1fg]Gb| xf] eg]/ ;xL ljZn]if0f u¥of] . æg]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ / ;ft bnaLr ePsf] ;dembf/L g]kfnL cfdfsf ;Gtfgx?n] dfq} a;]/ lgdf{0f u/]s]f P\\]ltxfl;s b:tfj]h xf]Æ pxf“n] xnnfO{{ ljZjf; lbnfpg'eof] . ænf]stflGqs u0ftGq k|fKt ug{ w]/} r'gf}tL 5g\ t/ r'gf}tLeGbf w]/} dxfgtd\ ;Defjgf 5g\Æ eGb} pxf“n], /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o zlQmx?nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] Gofo / d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf ;fy–;xof]u ug{ clkn ug'{eof] .
cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf] lnlvt ljrf/ lb+b} g]=/f=lz=;+u7gsf /fd]5fk lhNnf cWoIf df]xg l;+ wfdLn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] jf:tljs b'Zdgsf] klxrfg ePsf] 5, t;y{ /fhtGqlj?4 ;fd"lxs cfGbf]ng ug'{sf] ljsNk g/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . bf]nvf lhNnfaf6 lgjf{lrt tTsfnLg ;f+;b OGb| axfb/ v8\sfn] ætTsfnLg ;+;bdf hfnem]n, lts8d b]v]/ d lj/lQmPsf] lyP“ . o;}u/L bnsf sfo{stf{ / hgtf lj/lQmP/ dfcf]jfbL ag] / ljb|f]xdf plqPsf]Æ atfpg'eof] . sfe|] lhNnfsf Ps j'l4hLjL k|ltlglw rdf/l;+x tfdfª\n] æcfkm\g} b]zdf hgtfnfO{ s}bL agfpg] /fhf 1fg]Gb| nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ngaf6 Wj:t x'g]Æ atfpg'eof] . æbn / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] afx|a'“b] ;dembf/LnfO{ Pp6} laGb'df Nofpg] ;+ljwfg–;efsf] r'gfj xf],Æ k|wfgfWofks nfnaxfb'/ sfsL{n] eGg'eof] . lzIfs ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf xl/s'df/ zdf{n] dfcf]jfbL / ;ftbnsf] afx| a'“b] ;dembf/L nf]stGq k|flKtsf] cleofg ePsf] ljrf/ /fVg'eof] . /fhfk|lt cfqmf]l;t x'“b} sfg'g Joj;foL bLks zdf{n] eGg'eof]–ækf6L{x?nfO{ h'wfP/, km'6fP/ @)$^ ;fnsf] ;Lldt clwsf/ klg n'6] . clg ;+j}wflgs ?kdf a:g grfx]/ lg/+s'z ag] . sfg'gaf6 ;d]t pgL lt/:s[t ePsf 5g\ .Æ
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf If]qLo ;efklt tLy{axfb'/ v8\sf / l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf g]tf ljsf; nfdfn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; u0ftGqsf] nfOgdf hfg nfu]sf], sfo{stf{n] b]zsf] l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ / hgtfsf] OR5f / efjgfnfO{ sb/ ub}{ cfkm\gf kf6L{sf pRr g]tfx?nfO{ bafa l;h{gf ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . gful/s ;dfhsf ljZj a~h/fn] nf]stGq eg]sf] hgtfn] rnfpg] /fhfljgfsf] Aoj:Yff ePsf] atfpg'eof] . zfxL lg/+s'ztfsf] lj?4 ;Dk"0f{ gful/s nfd nfUg cfx\jfg ub}{ yKg'eof]–ænf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] >]o g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ hfG5 . hxf“ p;sf of]4fx?n] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] lg/+s'ztf ºof“Sg cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ r9fPsf 5g\ . dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gsf l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ;efklt o1 b+ufn, dlxnf k|ltlglw /Tgs'df/L sfsL{, bf]nvf lhNnf k|ltlglw eLdk|;fb bfxfn, g]=/f=lz=;++= l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf cWoIf tf/frGb| Gof}kfg], uf]kfn >]i7 h:tf k|j'4 ju{n] cf–cfkm\gf ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
k"0f{ nf]stflGqs d~rsf ;b:o s]zj kf}8]nsf] :jfut efif0faf6 cufl8 a9]sf] pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt k"0f{ nf]stflGqs d~rsf ;+of]hs kf/; sfkm\n] x'g'x'GYof] eg] d~rs} csf{ ;b:o x:taxfb'/ tfdfªn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] of] ljrf/ dGygn] clGtd 56k6fx6df k/]sf] 1fg]Gb| zfxLnfO{ k"0f{?kdf Wj:t agfpg nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ng ckl/xfo{ /x]sf] eGb} cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ljb|f]xdf pqg cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 /fds[i0f yfkf

xTofsf08lj?4 ef]hk'/f aGb
k;f{÷kmfu'g @% ut] /f}tx6sf] sgsk'/df rf/ hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ / Pshgf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] zfxL ;]gfn] xTof u/]sf] lj/f]wdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ef]hk'/f -af/f, k;f{ / /f}tx6_ ljz]if pkJo'/f]n] r}q ^ ut] pQm pkJo'/f] aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
;f]daf/ Ps k|]; jQmJo k|sflzt ub}{ pQm pkJo'/f]sf O~rfh{ s=c/ljGb| l;+xn] …kf6L{sf] Pl/of sld6L ;b:o tyf clvn g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3, /f}tx6sf lhNnf cWoIf ef]nf ofbj, Pl/of sld6L ;b:oåo bLk]Gb| ;fx sfg' / sdn s'zjfx -dxtf]_, sfo{stf{ cjw]z k6]n / Pshgf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf ;'/]Gb| 7fs'/nfO{ kmfu'g @% ut] lbp“;f] !@M#) ah] /f}tx6sf] sgsk'/ ufh;sf] hg;fd'bflos k|flj, an'jfsf] k|f¨0fdf s'/fsfgL ub{} al;/x]sf] a]nfdf tLglt/af6 3]/f xfnL sAhfdf lnO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof ul/Psf]df 3f]/ lgGbf Pjd\ eT;{gf ub{5f}+Ú eGg'ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n] zfxL ;]gfåf/f xTof ul/Psf kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ zxLb 3f]if0ff ub}{ pQm xTofsf08sf] jf:tljs ;TotYo a'emL oyfy{ s'/f] aflx/ Nofpg gful/s ;dfh, dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3, ;+:yfx?df cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 .

r}q !^ ut] pkTosf aGb
sf7df8f}+÷g]jfM /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnn] cfufdL r}q !^ ut] pkTosf aGbsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . df]rf{sf cWoIF kjg >]i7n] oxL kmfu'g @& ut] Ps k|]; jQmJo k|sflzt ug'{eO{ cfkm\gf] df]rf{n] efb| ! ut] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf] #( ;"qLo dfux? k"/f gu/]sf] sf/0f …hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ pTsif{df k''/\ofpg ;+3{ifsf] cf“wLsf] ;''?jft ePsf] lbg r}q !^Ú sf] ;Demgfdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aGbsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
>]i7n] df]rf{n] df3 !% ut];Ddsf] clN6d]6d lbPsf] pNn]v ub}{ jQmJodf eGg'ePsf] 5–…xfd|f] g]jfM df]rf{ ;a}vfn] hg3ftL / /fi6«3ftL lqmofsnfknfO{ t''?Gt /f]Sg lg/+s''z /fhtGqnfO{ s8f r]tfjgLsf ;fy xfd|f dfux?nfO{ k""/f u/fpg, pRr bafa lbg @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ pTsif{df k''/\ofpg ;+3{ifsf] cf“wLsf] ;''?jft ePsf] lbg r}q !^, ;f] lbgnfO{ ;+emgf;lxt oxL r}t !^ ut] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aGbsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5 .Ú

kqsf/ l/xfOsf] dfu
sf7df8f}+÷xfd|f ;+jfbbftf xf]dk|;fb j:ofn -PrkL zdf{_ nfO{ kmfu'g @) ut] a'6jnaf6 zfxL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/]sf] 5 . j:ofnsf] af/]df xfn;Dd s'g} hfgsf/L yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
hgfb]z ;fKtflxs j:ofnsf] hLjg/Iff, ;fj{hgLs/0f / l/xfOsf] lglDt hf]8bf/ ckLn ub{5 . ;fy} pxf“sf] l/xfOsf] nflu cfjfh p7fOlbg kqsf/ dxf;+3, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+rf/ ;+:yfx?, dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3, ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh tyf /fhgLlts kf6L{x?;“u cg'/f]w ub{5 .

>d cWofb]znfO{ cj1f ug{ cg'/f]w
sf7df8f}+÷clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o"lgog dxf;+3, s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf cWoIf zflns/fd hDs§]nn] kmfu'g @* ut] Ps k|]; jQmJo lgsfnL zfxL ;/sf/åf/f kmfu'g @^ ut] hf/L u/]sf] cWofb]znfO{ vf/]h u/]sf] atfpg' eof] . ædhb'/ clwsf/ lj/f]wL ;fdfGt bnfn tyf gf]s/ zfxL k'“hLktLx?sf] lxtdf hf/L ul/Psf] slyt >d cWofb]z cfh}sf] ldltb]lv vf/]h ul/]Psf] 3f]if0ff ub5f}Æ hd/s§]nåf/f hf/L jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 .
cWoIf hd/s§]nn] jQmJodf olb >d cWofb]z sfo{fGjog u/L dhb'/nfO{ ef]sef]s} dfg]{ / 1fg]Gb| zfxLnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ nfluk/]df To:tf pBf]uL Aoj;foLdfly ljgfzt{ sfjfxL ug]{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] 5 . To:t} jQmJodf /fli6«o pBf]u Joj;fo Pjd\ /fli6«o k"“hLkltx?sf] ;+/If0fsf] lglDt 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] lg/+s'z :jR5]rf/L zf;g Pjd\ bnfn tyf gf]s/ zfxL k“'hLkltx?sf] lj?4 ;3{ifdf pqg cfJxfg ub{} 6«]8 o'lgogx?, cGo ;+3 ;:yfx? / ;Dk"0f{ k]zf / Joj;fox?df sfo{/t dhb'/x?nfO{ slyt >d cWofb]znfO{ cj1f ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .

cGo ;dfrf/
Onfd le8Gtdf cfwf bh{g zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To'
lj/f6gu/÷hg;]gfsf] Pp6f 6's8Ln] Onfdsf] 8fF8fjf/L / nf/Dafsf] aLrdf zfxL ;]gfsf] u:tLdfly kmfu'g @% ut] cfqmd0f u/]kl5 ePsf] le8Gtdf cfwf bh{g zfxL ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
;f] le8Gtaf6 hg;]gfn] Ps yfg OG;f;, Ps yfg P;Pncf/ / Ps yfg y|Lg6y|L, bz xhf/ yfg uf]nL / hLkLPdhL /fOkmnsf] Ps gfn sAhf u/]sf 5g\ . dWofGx !@M#) ah]b]lv z'? ePsf] ;f] le8Gt cfwf 306f;Dd rn]sf] lyof] . hg;]gfsf] ;]So'l/6L a6flnogn] u/]sf] pQm sfjf{xLdf hg;]gftkm{ b'O{ hgf ;fdfGo 3fOt] ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gftkm{ eg] Ps bh{geGbf a9L 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .
ptf g]kfnu~hdf hg;]gfn] kmfu'g @# ut] lbpF;f] ! ah] ahf/df /x]sf] 6«flkms kf]i6dfly sfjf{xL u/]sf] 5 . cfqmd0fkl5 ;a} k|x/L efu]kl5 hg;]gfn] ;f] kf]i6df /x]sf] ;+rf/ ;]6 Ps yfg / Ps xhf/ gub hkmb u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . a]OHhtLk"0f{ k/fho ef]Ug'k/]kl5 zfxL ;'/IffsdL{n] nfhsf sf/0f To;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g .
To;}u/L lrtjgsf] e/tk'/df hg;]gfn] e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfcGtu{t kf/; a;kfs{ glhs} ut] zfxL ;]gfsf] u:tLdfly u/]sf] …/]8Ú df b'O{ zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . b'O{hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .
hg;]gfsf] af;' :d[lt la|u]8cGtu{tsf] Pp6f ljz]if 6's8Ln] kmfu'g @$ ljxfg u/]sf] ;f] sfjf{xLaf6 Ps yfg OG;f; sAhf u/]sf 5g\ .

>lds dlxnf lbj; dgfOof]
s}nfnL÷(^ cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf] cj;/df kmfu'g @$ ut] o; lhNnfsf] d;'l/ofdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmdnfO{ clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sL s]Gb|Lo cWoIF hok'/L 3tL{n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] 5 .
cf7 xhf/eGbf a9L dlxnf tyf cGo hgtfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub{} pxf“n] cf7 dfr{ dgfpg'sf] sf/0f / cf}lrToaf/] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] k"0f{ ?kdf d'lQm k|fKt ug{ juL{o cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmn kfg{'kg{] atfp“b} ;fdGtL zfxL ;QfnfO{ h/}b]lv pv]Ng ;a}nfO{ clGtd ljb|f]xdf ;+ul7t x'g cfx\jfg ug{'eof] .
To;}u/L lrtjgsf] z'qmgu/df kg]{ cd[tgu/df / r}gk'/–nb/Ldf klg cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf] s8f bdgsf] aLr klg sfo{qmddf nueu tLg ;o hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . cd[tgu/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf bofdGtL ?rfn, lji0f'dfof sfkm\n], bz{g rf}w/L, s=lxSdt tyf r}gk'/–nb/Lsf] sfo{qmddf s=cl:dtfn] cfkm\gf dGtJox? /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

kqsf/ dxf;+3af6 ;f]x| lgisflzt
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] dxf;+3sf] lxt lj?4 lqmofzLn /x]sf !^ hgfnfO{ lgisflzt u/]sf] 5 . lgisflzt x'g]x?df /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf k|d'v kL= v/]n, lkk'N; l/Eo' ;fKtflxssL ;Dkfbs hz'bf k|wfg, hgd~r ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs OGb| l/hfn, /fh]z ´f, ;dsfnLg ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs hLj/fd e08f/L, lgikIf ;fKtflxssf k|wfg;Dkfbs /fdk|;fb vgfn, /fhwfgL b}lgssf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs s'df/ ofq', /]l8of] g]kfnsL ;dfrf/jflrsf sf]dn cf]nL, kqsf/ lbg]z zfx, eujfg lqkf7L, alb|k|;fb sfkm\n], s[i0f/fd kl/of/, sljGb| zdf{, s0f{k|v/ lwtfn 5g\ .
dxf;+3n] tL !^ hgfnfO{ k|]; :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf rnfPsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ljkIfdf /x]sf] hgfp“b} cg'zf;g tyf dof{bf lg?k0f ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df oxL kmfu'g @^ ut] ;fwf/0f ;b:o ;d]t g/xg] u/L lgisf;g u/]sf] xf] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3af6 lgisflzt xg]x? df3 !( sf] /fhfsf] sbdsf] kIfdf v'n]/ nfUg]x? x'g\ .
To;}u/L dxf;+3n] ;f]xL lbg b'O{ dlxg] cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . 3f]lift sfo{qmddf r}q !) ut] k|]; :jtGqtfsf kIfdf P]Soa4tf k|bz{g ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy} dxf;+3n] %! cf}+ jflif{sf]T;j cfGbf]ngs} ?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . dxf;+3n] jt{dfg ;/sf/ e+u u/L a}wflgs ;/sf/sf] :yfkgfsf] nflu ;+ljwfg–;efsf] r'gfj u/fpg dfu ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .

Ko"7fgsf] xfnrfn
zxLb clegGbg M
zxLb ;Ktfx sfo{qmdcGtu{t Ko"7fgsf] pQ/L sdf08sf zxLb kl/jf/ clegGbg / aGbL kl/jf/ clegGbg sfo{qmd @! r}qdf kmf]KnL ufh;df ;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf pkl:yt zxLb / aGbL kl/jf/nfO{ g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ s=dfgl;+x / lhNnf ;lrj s=k|sfzn] clj/ dfnf nufO{ clegGbg tyf pkxf/ k|bfg ug'{eof] .
clegGbgkl5 sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ s=dfgl;+xn] g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ljZjqmflGtsf] :t/df k'¥ofpg dxfg\ jL/ zxLbx?sf] uf}/jk"0f{ jlnbfgn] dfq ePsf] atfpg' x'“b} b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt jlnbfg ug]{ jL/ zxLbx?sf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] h:tf];'s} d"No r'Qmf ug{ kl5 gkg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= k|sfzn] zxLbx?sf] /utn] Oltxf; n]lv;s]sf]n] Tof] Oltxf; slxNo} gd]l6g] atfpg'x'“b} jL/ zxLbx?sf] /utsf] s0faf6 bzf}+ xhf/ qmflGtsf/L of]4fx?sf] hGd eO;s]sf] / tL jL/ of]4fx?n] g} zxLbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfl/5f8\g] atfpg'eof] .
zxLb kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 jL/ zxLb s=;+udsf bfh' ljz]if ;]So'l/6L kmf];{sf Knf6'g ;xfos sdf08/ s=5nfªn] zxLbx?n] aufPsf] /ut slxNo} v]/ ghfg] atfpg'x'“b} zxLbx?sf ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ cfkm"n] s'g} s;/ af“sL g/fVg], hgtf / b]zsf] lglDt cfjZos k/] cfkm" jlnbfg ug{ klg kl5 gkg]{ jtfpg'eof] . jL/ zxLb s=jGbgfsf lktf -Ko'7fg :ju{åf/L SofDk;sf k|Wofks_ df]xg lu/Ln] cToGt} efj's x'“b} cfkm\gf] 5f]/L zxLb jGbgfn] b]z / hgtfsf] nfu pRr d[To"j/0f u/]sf], g]kfnL xf]gxf/ ;k'tx?sf] xTof u/]/ zfxL hNnfbx?n] s'g} p2]Zo k'/f ug]{ 5}g eGg'x'“b} cfkm" ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] zxLb kl/jf/ x'g kfPsf]df uj{ ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf cGo pkl:yt ;j} zxLb kl/jf/x?n] d'7\7L prfnL zxLbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg]{ s;d vfPsf lyP . sfo{qmd lhNnf ;lrj s=k|sfzsf] ;efkltTjdf / lhNnf ;b:o s=k|eftsf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
gf/L lbj; dgfOof]
clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ Ko"7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf Ko"7fgsf ljleGg :yfgx?df (^ cf}+ cGt/fli6«o >lds gf/L lbj; sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . oxL kmfu'g @$ ut] Ko"7fgsf] kmf]KnL ufh;df cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] cfof]hgfdf ;f] lbj; dgfOof] .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v clylt s=dfgl;+xn] dlxnf k'?if Ps /ysf b'O{ kf+u|f xf] eGg'x'“b} dlxnf ljgf k'?ifn] of] ;+;f/df s'g} sfd ug{ g;Sg] jtfpg'eof] . g]kfnL hgo'4df dlxnfx?sf] lgs} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] tyf k'?ifxn] ug{ g;s]sf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ sfdx? dlxnfx?n] u/]/ Oltxf; /r]sf] rrf{ ub}{ o:tf] sfo{x? ;j} dlxnfx?n] ug{ ;s]df dlxnf d'lQm w]/} 6f9f 5}g eGg'eof] .
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=k|sfzn] dlxnfx? /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;j} If]qdf pTkLl8t ePsf] / dlxnfx?dfly ePsf t pTkL8gx? juL{o cfGbf]ng ljgf d'lQm ;Dej gePsf]n] ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx? juL{o cfGbf]ngdf cfj4 x'g cfXjfg ug'{eof] . cGt/fli6«o gf/L lbj; dgfpg'sf] cf}lrTotfdfly hf]8lbb} s=k|sfzn] zfxL ;QfnfO{ ;bfsf] lglDt a9f/]/ kmfNg ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx? jlnbfgL ;xf; af]s]/ cfGbf]ngdf nfu] dfq gf/L lbj; dgfpg'sf] cy{ /xg] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL lhNnf sf]iffWoIf u+uf zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;~rfng lhNnf ;lrj 8]pdf s];Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut lhNnf ;b:o jfu]Zj/L 3tL{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
ls;fg ;+3sf] lhNnf e]nf
clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ Ko"7fgsf] lhNnf e]nf kmfu'g @^ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . @% ut] k|f/De ePsf] b'O{ lbg] e]nfsf] pb\3f6g ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf s]Gb|Lo cfwf/ OnfsLo ;+of]hs g/axfb'/ a'9fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cfkm\gf] pb\3f6g dGtJodf ;+of]hs a'9fn] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] rl/q d"ntM s[lif qmflGt ePsf] x'gfn] @)%@ ;fnb]lv k|f/De ePsf] g]kfnsf] hgjfbL qmflGtdf ls;fgx?sf] pNn]vgLo e"ldsf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . g]kfnsf] kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df tfTsflns ?kdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqn] dfq pTkLl8t ls;fgx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] ePsfn] nf]stflGqs kf6L{sf ls;fg ;+u7gx?;“u nf]stflGqs u0ftGq k|flKtsf] nflu ;xsfo{ u/]/ hfg cfkm\gf] ;+u7g tof/ /x]sf]df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmdsf cltly dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ s=dfgl;+xn] casf] clGtd o'4df ls;fgx?sf] ct'ngLo e"ldsf /xg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ug]{x?df kf6L{sf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=k|sfz, lhNnf ;b:ox? s=k|eft, s=/f]zgnufot df]rf{sf k|ltlglwx? x'g'x'GYof] . e]nfsf] aGb ;qn] >Ls[i0f l/hfnsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo gof“ sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . Ko'7fgaf6 Pd=Pn=yfkf

dfcf]jfbL cf:yfsf aGbLx? cg;gdf
sf7df8f}+÷s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/ zfvf lqk'/]Zj/df /x]sf dfcf]jfbL cf:yfsf aGbLx? h]n k|zf;gn] plrt dfgjLo ;'ljwf glbPsf] hgfp“b} oxL kmfu'g @* ut]af6 cg;gdf a:g] ePsf 5g\ . cf:yfsf dfcf]jfbL aGbLx?n] kmfu'g ( ut] @$ ;"qLo dfu /fvL cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf lyP t/ h]n k|zf;gn] cfkm\gf dfu k"/f ug'{sf] ;f6f] bdgsf] af6f] lnPsfn] bf];|f] r/0fsf cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd cg;g /fv]sf] pgLx?n] dGqLkl/ifbsf] sfof{nonfO{ n]v]sf] kqdf hgfPsf 5g\ .
bf];|f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngdf aGbLx?x?n] kmfu'g @^ df laxfg !) ah] h]nleq gf/f h'n'; / wgf{ a;]sf] atfOPsf] 5 eg] @& ut] cfkm\gf dfusf ;DjGwdf h]nsf aGbL;“u 5nkmn u/]sf] / @* ut]af6 cg;gdf a;]sf] hfgsf/L h]nsf aGbLsf] tkm{af6 afns[i0f 9'ª\u]nn] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 . k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ klxnf]k6s cfd/0f cg;g a:g]x?df clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tf/f e08f/L / cf:yfsf aGbLx? dWo]sf a[4 cflZjgs'df/ bfxfn /xg'ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf];\, pgLx?n] kmfu'g !$ ut] xftdf / lgwf/df sfnf]kl§ af“w]/ lj/f]w hgfP eg] !% / !^ df h]nleq} jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] lj/f]wdf gf/f nufPsf] / !& / !* df d}gaQL afn]/ h'n'; lgsfn]sf lyP . ;b/vf]/ l8NnLahf/sf cf:yfsf aGbLx? klg r}q ! ut]b]lv g} csf]{ r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldg] ePsf 5g\ .
o;}aLr ;b/vf]/ l8NnLahf/df /x]sf dfcf]jfbL cf:yfsf aGbLx?n] h]nleq} dfl;s klqsf …hg;Gb]zÚsf] pb\3f6g u/]sf 5g\ . tL aGbLx?n] kmfu'g @! ut] ;f] klqsfsf] pb\3f6g u/]sf x'g\ .
cf:yfsf aGbLx?dWo] a[4 tyf nfdf] ;do h]nofkg u/]sf n]vaxfb'/ tfdfªn] ;f] klqsfsf] pb\3f6g u/]sf] cf:yfsf aGbL pQd clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . hDdf !# hgf cf:yfsf aGbL /x]sf] ;b/vf]/ h]nsf aGbLx?n] k|sfzg ug}{ klqsf eg] x:tlnlvt xf] . klqsfsf] ;+/Ifsdf ;Togf/fo0f eujtnfO{ /flvPsf] 5 . ;Dkfbsdf z+s/ clwsf/L tyf ;+kfbg ;xof]uLdf bLks b]jsf]6f / pQd clwsf/L x'g'x'G5 . To;}u/L ;+jfbbftfdf ;'/]z lnª\b]g / eujtL >]i7 /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
;b/vf]/ h]ndf /x]sf b'O{ ;o &@ aGbLx?nfO{ dWogh/ /fv]/ ;f] dfl;s klqsf lgsflnPsf] cf:yfsf aGbLx?sf] egfO 5 . pgLx?n] klqsfsf] pb\3f6g c+s …hgo'4 / zxLbÚ ljz]iff+ssf] ?kdf k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\ . /fHokIfn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] lkmSj]G;L b'?kof]u u/L ;]gfnfO{ !) j6f PkmPd ;+rfng ug{ hgtfsf] s/af6 p7]sf] /sd nufgL u/]sf]] cj:yfdf h]nleq} dfcf]jfbL cf:yfsf aGbLx?n] klqsf lgsfn]/ /fHonfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\ .
;b/vf]/df a]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/n] u/]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u x'g] u/L cl3Nnf] xKtfb]lv h]ncfGb]fng ul/Psf] lyof] . xfn r}q dlxgfdf h]g]efdf x'g nfu]sf] cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cj;/ kf/]/ a]kQf kl/jf/n] !) nfvsf] x:QfIf/ p7fP/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] sfo{nodfkm{t\ a'emfpg] tof/Ldf 5g\ . To;nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;b/vf]/df /x]sf @ ;o %& hg aGbLn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] Ps ;dfrf/ ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 . pQm x:tfIf/ cleofgsf] cj;/df ;f] h]ndf /x]sf cf:yfsf aGbLx?n] lbgx'“ gf/f h'n';;d]t u/]sf] atfOG5 .

k|x/Låf/f a]kQf kl/jf/sf] /sd n"6
sf7df8f}+÷a]kQf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] kmfu'g @@ ut] u/]sf] k|bz{gdf w/ks8 ePsf]df lj/f]w ub}{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf gogaxfb'/ vqLsf] k'Tnf hnfPsf 5g\ . To;qmddf k'gM pgLx?nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]usf] sfof{no cufl8 k|bz{g ug]{qmddf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lsf] ldnf]dQf]df lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] eGb} a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/n] dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf vqLsf] /fhLgfdf dfUb} pgsf] k'Tnf bxg u/]sf lyP .
/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]udf wgf{ lbg hf“b} ubf{ cfof]usf] d"n u]6af6 k|x/Ln] hah{:tL a]kQf kl/jf/sf cf7 hgf ;b:onfO{ kmfu'g @@ ut] kqmfp u/L ;f]xL lbg g} l/xf u/]sf] lyof] . @! ut]sf] wgf{df ;fd]n clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sL k"j{ dxf;lrj k'0f{ kf}8nsL &$ jifL{of a'4 cfdf df]tLdfof kf}8]nn] C0f sf9]/ NofPsf] !% xhf/ /sd x/fPsf] lyof] .
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no nlntk'/sf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfdf cfof]un] k|x/L af]nfO{ kqmfPsf] kLl8tx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . k'?if k|x/Ln] wgf{sf/L dlxnfx?nfO{ xftkft u/L klqmPsf] kLl8tx?n] atfP .
df]tLdfof kf}8]nnfO{ kqmfpsf qmddf k|x/Ln] lk6]sfn] pxf“sf] 6fpsfdf 3fp ePsf] lyof] . df]tLdfofn] Pse]6df ?b} elGg'eof]–æcfkm\gf] 5f]/f b]vfp eGbf dnfO{ lk6] .Æ pkrf/ ubf{ rf/ af]tn :nfOg kfgL lbg'k/]sf] kf}8]nn] b'v];f] kf]Vg'eof] . kf}8]nsf] pkrf/ /flt ( ah] ldt]/L c:ktfndf ul/Psf] lyof] .
lu/km\tf/sf] cl3Nnf] lbg cfof]udf wgf{ a:bf /flt !! ah] cfof]us} sd{rf/Lsf] ldn]dtf]df k|x/Ln] a]kQf kl/jf/nfO{ yfkfynLl:yt afudtL gbLsf] lsgf/df kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] 7fp“df NofP/ 5fl8lbPsf] lyof] . To;nfO{ :d/0f ub}{ df]ltdfof elGg'x'G5–æ8'ª\ª ugfpg] 7fp“df NofP/ kmflnlbof] .Æ To;}a]nf df]tLdfofsf] ;fydf /x]sf] k};f ufoa ePsf] c? a]kQf kl/jf/sf ;b:on] atfP . pgLx?sf cg';f/ /sd k|x/Ln] n'6]sf] x'g'k5{ .
To;}lbg ljleGg lhNnfaf6 a]kQf lj?4 ;+sng ul/Psf] b'O{ nfv x:tfIf/ k|x/Ln] n'6]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . oL ofjt sfo{ cfof]usf sd{rf/Lsf] ldnf]dtf]df ePsfn] clxn] cfof]usf ;f] lgr Jojxf/k|lt ;j{q cfnf]rgf x'g yfn]sf] 5 . s]xL lbg klxn] dfq cfof]usf ;b:o ;'bLk kf7sn] zfxL dGqLn] h;/L tNnf]:t/df cf]n]{/ ufnLunf}h u/]kl5 of] l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] xf] . k|x/Ln] /fHoåf/f a]kQf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox? df]ltdfof kf}8]nsf cltl/Qm b'uf{ s];L -s[i0f s];LsL kTgL_, zld{nf lqkf7L -1fg]Gb| lqkf7LsL kTgL_, l6gd /fO{ -lbnaxfb'/ /fO{sL alxgL_, zfGtf /fO{, /Ltf yfkf -/fh]Gb| yfkfsf] kTgL_, /fhdtL dxh{g -ch'{g dxh{gsf] kTgL_, ;fg' dxh{g -eLd/fh dx{hgsf] kTgL_, ;Hh" d}gfnL -lbg]z lnDa'sf] kTgL_ nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] .

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…la/fnf]nfO{ hlt vf:6f]n] 5f]k]/ /fv] klg cflv/ Dofpm ul/xfN5Ú eGg] g]kfnL pvfg 5 . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq klg :jfefljs ?kdf a]nfavt k}bf e}/xg] ljleGg vfn] cj;/jfbL k|j[lQx¿nfO{ :j:Yo b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ / hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] tl/sfn] ?kfGt/0f u/]/ xn ug]{ k|oTg ubf{ub}{ klg sltko k|j[lQ / kfqx¿ cGttM ktg eP/ k|ltqmflGtsf/L lsQfdf knfog e}5f8\5g\ . xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 s]xL ;do klxn] lgnDag ul/Psf /jLGb| >]i7 / cg's"n -dl0f yfkf_n] cGttM Ps ;fj{hlgs jStJodfkm{t\ qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngk|lt 3f]/ u2f/L ub}{ d/0ff;Gg zfxL ;Qfsf] ;]jf ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfdhg;d'bfonfO{ e|d lbg s]xL qmflGtsf/L zAbf8Da/sf] k|of]u u/] klg l;ª gePsf] uf]?nfO{ tLv] eg] em}+ cfºgf] gfp“ …gof“ ;f“:s[lts qmflGt ;d"xÚ /fv] klg pgLx¿sf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L xs{tsf] >[+vnfnfO{ x]bf{ / /fhtGq lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng pTsif{lt/ hfg nfu]sf] a]nf pgLx¿n] qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ / g]t[Tj lj?4 ;fj{hlgs xdnf u/]sf] b]Vbf pgLx¿;“u s'g} j}rfl/s ax; xf]Og pgLx¿sf] ;fj{hlgs e08fkmf]/ ug'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx¿ / cfd nf]stGqjfbLx¿sf] ;fd"lxs bfloTj ag]sf] 5 .
s] oL b'O{ euf}8fx¿sf] em'l;nf] 8sf/o'Qm slyt ;+o'Qm jQmJo b]zJofkL ;b/d'sfd / zx/ gfsfjGbLsf] k"j{;GWofdf ;fj{hflgs x'g' Pp6f sfstfnL dfq x'g;S5 < s] logLx¿n] j:t'tM qmflGtk|lt u2f/L u/]sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ / zfxL u[xdGqL sdn yfkfn] cfTd;dk0f{jfbLx¿nfO{ bzbz nfv ?lkof“sf] k'/:sf/sf] xl/of] 3f“; b]vfpg' em08} Ps};fy x'g'nfO{ ;fdfGo ;+of]u dfq eGg ldN5 < cd]l/sL /fhb"t df]l/of6L{sf] !@–a'“b] dfcf]jfbL–;+;bjfbL ;dembf/LnfO{ 6'6fpg] b':k|of;nfO{ k/f:t ub}{ b]zdf j[xb\ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] Hjf/ l;h{gf x'g nfu]sf] a]nf ljleGg kf6L{x¿leqsf b/jf/k/:t / ;fd|fHojfbk/:t tTjx¿;“u} oL b'O{ euf}8fx¿n] klg 6fpsf] p7fpg] k|oTg ug'{ Pp6f kl/jGb dfq xf]nf < ;fdflhs k|lqmof / /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf s;}sf] lgoteGbf klg p;sf] sd{sf] kl/0ffd dxTjk"0f{ / lg0ff{os x'G5 . To; lx;fan] oL k|ltqmflGtsf/L euf}8fx¿sf] lgot h] ;'s} eP klg / tL b'O{dWo]sf] klg leGbfleGb} lgot x'g;Sg] eP klg pgLx¿sf] sd{sf] j:t'ut kl/0ffd k|ltqmflGtsf/L / u2f/Lk"0f{ /x]sf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf /xGg . o; cy{df qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf ;xof]4f / ;xsdL{x¿dWo] sf]xL klg oL euf}8fx¿k|lt g/d x'g} ;Sb}g . ;Rrf sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx¿ ;fdfGo uNtL / sdhf]/L ug]{x¿k|lt hlt pbf/ / ;lxi0f' x'g;Sb5g\ / x'g'kb{5 eo+s/ k|ltqmflGtsf/L xs{t / u2f/L ug]{x¿k|lt plQs} s7f]/ / lgd{d klg x'g;Sb5g\ / x'g}kb{5 .
lxhf];Dd Ps csf{;“u j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts, ;f+u7lgs, ;f“:s[lts x/k|sf/n] !*) l8u|Lsf] cGt/ ePsf] b]lvg] oL b'O{ kfqx¿sf] cs:dft\ 3f“6L hf]l8g' klg lgs} /x:odo 5 . b]vfj6L j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts k|ltj4tfsf] g} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] kf6L{leq nfdf] ;dob]lv /jLGb| >]i7n] :6flngaf6 l;Sg'kg]{ eGb} xf]ShfkGyL h8;"qLo–;+zf]wgjfbL wf/fsf] jsfnt uy]{ eg] cg's'n rflx“ cfkm"nfO{ df–n]–dfjfbsf] l;h{gzLn k|of]u / ljsf; ug]{ lsQfdf pEofPsf] bfjL uy]{ . tTsfnLg sfo{gLltsf] xsdf /jLGb|sf] rflx“ vf;u/L b/jf/ xTofsf08sf] a]nfb]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf b/jf/k/:t ?emfg b]vfkb{Yof] eg] cg's"n cfkm"nfO{ To;sf] lj/f]wL atfp“y] . kf6L{sf] ut s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox¿sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ ;Gbe{df /jLGb|n] s=k|r08nfO{ s=afa'/fd;“u em's]sf] cf/f]k nufp“y] eg] cg's"n rflx“ s=afa'/fdn] s=k|r08;“u cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] atfp“y] / cfkm"nfO{ b'O{ cltjfbL w'|jdf pEofp“y] . k/Gt' clxn] oL b'O{ ljk/Lt w|'jx¿sf] /x:odo ldngn] pgLx¿sf] jf:tjdf s'g} j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts nfOg / c8fg g} lyPg / lghL :jfy{sf] lglDt hlta]nf h] klg ug{;Sg] ljz'4 cj;/jfbL rl/q dfq lyof] . oL b'O{ kfqsf] s]xL ;dob]lvsf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 cWoIf s=k|r08åf/f hf/L jQmJodf elgP em}+, /jLGb|sf] lqmofsnfk ljutdf h]nkbf{sf] a]nfb]lv g} z+sf:kb lyof] eg] cg's'n rflx“ ut b'O{ jif{b]lv k"/} lg/fz / lgl:qmo lyP . ut sfnsf] kf6L{ cGt;+{3if{df /jLGb|n] s=k|r08sf] k5fl8 pleP/ kf6L{ km'6fpg hf]8 ug'{ / cg's"nn] s=afa'/fdsf] k5fl8 nfu]/ kf6L{ km'6fpg k|oTg ug'{sf] /x:o clxn] v'Nb} cfPsf] cg'e"lt ;a}nfO{ x'G5 . of] ;du| ;Gbe{df clxn] oL b'O{ ljk/Lt w|'jLo kfqx¿n] kf6L{ g]t[TjnfO{ …j}rfl/s ljrngÚ sf] dgu9Gt] cf/f]k nufP/ o'4 d}bfgaf6 efUg' cj;/jfb, kfv08Lkg, a]OdfgL / sfo/tfsf] k/fsfi7f dfq xf] eGg] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf /xGg .
Pp6f hLjGt / qmflGtsf/L kf6L{leq b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf rln/xG5 / To;nfO{ ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] slxNo} lgif]w ub}}{gg\ / ug'{x'“b}g . a? xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljutdf b]lvPsf eo+s/ k|ltqmflGtsf cfTdut sf/0fx¿sf] u+eL/ d"Nof+sg ub}{ kf6L{nfO{ lg/Gt/ ultzLn / qmflGtsf/L agfO/fVg dxfg\ lrlgof ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtaf6 cl3 a9]/ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;xL cEof; ug{ …PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;Ú ;DaGwL o'ufGtsf/L dxTjsf] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . ut c;f]hsf] s]=;=sf] a}7sn] /fhg}lts ljifodf dxfg\ ax; rnfpg] lg0f{o u/]/ To;lbzfdf u+eL/ tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . kf6L{sf] ljutsf] cGt/;+3if{af6 ;d]t u+eL/ kf7 l;s]/ lnOPsf oL lg0f{ox¿ kl5 kf6L{leq :j:y j}rfl/s ;+3if{nfO{ 7fp“ glbOg] k|Zg} p7\b}g . t/ kf6L{ s]=;=sf tL P]ltxfl;s lg0f{x¿k|lt ljk/Lt w|'jLo sf]0faf6 c;xdlt /fVb} cfPsf oL b'O{ kfqx¿n] clxn] ;f] a}7sn] p7fO;s]sf / xn ul/;s]sf ljifox¿sf] gSsnL 5xf/L lnP/ kf6L{ / qmflGt;“u ;“u;“u} ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{eGbf a9L kfv08k"0f{ / a]OdfgLk"0f{ s'/f c? s] x'g;S5 < …lkg]jfnfsf] lkg]sf jxfgf rflxPÚ eGg] lxGbL pvfg em}+ euf}8fx¿n] qmflGtaf6 efUg / qmflGtnfO{ wf]sf lbg dfq} j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts ax;sf] axfgf ul//x]5g\ eGg] :jtM :ki6 x'Gg / < Tof] z'4Ls/0f cleofg cfkm}+lj?4 ;f]lemg] b]v]kl5 / dxfg\ ax;sf] qmddf cfºgf] cj;/jfbL k|ltqmflGtsf/L rl/q pbf+uf] x'g] a'em]kl5 pgLx¿n] pN6} kf6L{ / g]t[TjnfO{ wf/]xft nufP/ knfog u/]sf] s;n] a'‰b}g / < olb ;f“Rr} g} kf6L{leq u+eL/ ax;–5nkmn rfx]sf] eP cfºgf c;xdltsf s'/f jf gof“ k|:tfj clxn];Dd lnlvt ?kdf kf6L{sf] s'g} lgsfodf lsg k]z ul/Pg jf lsg To;sf] dfu ul/Pg < kf6L{sf] s'g} lgsfodf cfºgf] ljrf/ / dt bh{ g} gu/L Ps}rf]6L ;fj{hlgs ?kdf / Tof] klg Tolt lgs[i6 9+un] k|:t't x'g' sxf“sf] df–n]–dfjfbL k2lt xf] < cem} cfºgf] ;fj{hlgs em'l;nf] 8sf/nfO{ …gof“ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtÚ sf] gfp“ lbg] xf:of:kb k|oTg ug'{ dxfg\ dfcf] / dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] slt 7"nf] ckdfg / e|i6Ls/0f xf] < kf6L{sf] s'g} lgsfodf slxNo} s'g} dt bh{ g} gu/L ;a}n] cfkm"nfO{ h] dg nfUof] ToxL 9+un] ;8sdf 5f2\} lx“8\g' / j}/LnfO{ x“;fpg' g} …gof“ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtÚ xf] eg] Tof] eGbf a9L df–n]–dfjfbsf] e|i6Ls/0f / ljs[tLs/0f c? s] x'g;S5 < lglZrt ?kdf ljutdf xfdLn] klg kf6L{leq u+eL/ j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts ;+3if{ u/]sf lyof}+ / To;nfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] ;+rfng ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf lyof}+ . To;}n] Tof] ;+3if{n] ;du| qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ / kf6L{nfO{ gof“ p“rfOdf p7fpg cGttM d2t k'Uof] eGg] kf6L{ s]=;=n] kl5 Psdtn] :jLsf/ u¥of] . t/ clxn] oL b'O{ euf}8fx¿n] h'g e2f / lgs[i6 tl/sf ckgfPsf 5g\ To;nfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts ;+3if{ eGg ;lsGg / To;nfO{ ljutsf] cGt;{+3if{;“u lsdfy{ t'ngf ug{ ;lsGg . To;}n] of] gf+uf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L xs{tnfO{ kf6L{sf] s'g} ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Ln] slxNo} s'g} klg 9+un] ;dy{g ug{ ;Sg] k|Zg} p7\b}g . a? To;nfO{ x/t/xn] gf+u]emf/ kf/]/ a]n}df k/f:t ug'{ pgLx¿sf] k/d\ st{Jo x'G5 .
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] qmddf o;k|sf/sf k|ltqmflGtsf/L u2f/Lk'0f{ k|j[lQx¿ a]nfavt pbo x'g' s'g} gof“ tyf cgf}7f] s'/f rflx“ xf]Og . qmflGtsf] Pp6f r/0fdf ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{x¿ csf]{ r/0fdf ljljw cfGtl/s / jfx\o sf/0fsf] of]un] ktg x'g;S5g\ . h:tf] ls rLgsf] lng Kofcf] / xfd|} b]zsf cfnf]sx¿ To;sf pbfx/0f 5g\ . ;fy} sltko JolQmx¿ b'Zdgsf 3';k}7 klg x'g;S5g\ / nfdf] ;dokl5 dfq} ltgsf] kbf{kmf; x'G5 . h:tf] ls ?;df dflngf]E:sL eGg] hf/sf] Ph]G6 n]lggsf] af]N;]les kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltd} k'u]sf] lyof] / kl5 dfq p;sf] e08fkmf]/ eP/ p;nfO{ qmflGt kZrft\ kmf“;L lbOPsf] lyof] . To;}n] oL b'O{ k|ltqmflGtsf/L euf}8fx¿ a]n}df gf+luPsf]df qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] kZrftfk ug]{ / s'g} klg k|sf/n] lg/fz aGg] xf]Og ls qmflGtsf] ljsf;sf] cleGg gsf/fTds kmf]xf]/d}nf (bi-product) sf] ?kdf of] cfPsf] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ bXf];“u cfTd;ft ub}{ o;nfO{ a]n}df k'0f{?kn] g]:tfgfa'b ug{ hf]8 nufpg} k5{ . lknf] lgrf]l/P/ dfq z/L/ :j:y x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdL ;a}n] cfTd;ft ug}{k5{ . ! r}q, @)^@

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afSnf] hËnleq ?v;/L htftt} afSnf] u/L plePsf xl/of] kf]zfs le/]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] /f]nsfn x'“b} lyof] . l8k'6L sdf08/ s=k|efs/n] of] /f]nsfn xdnf af]Nb} b'Zdgsf alnof lsNnf eTsfpg] k"j{ tof/Lsf] k|lzIf0f eGb}} x'g'x'Yof] . dfn]dfjfbsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf] /Iff ug]{ / k|Tofqmd0fsf] ljsf; ug]{ eGb} aGb'ssf] bz{g l;sfp“b} s=k|efs/n] eGg'eof]–æxfd|f aGb's ;}Gojfbsf] k|lts geP/ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'lQmsf] k|lts x'g\ . aGb'ssf] bz{g ga'em\g]n] xfdLnfO{ ;}Gojfbsf] cf/f]k nufp“5g\ . aGb'ssf] bz{g eg]sf] cfkmgf] d'lQmsf] nflu aGb's ;j{xf/f ju{sf] xftdf x'g'k5{ eGg] xf] . k|Tofqmd0fsf] bf];|f] of]hgfcGtu{t 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df xfGg] cleofgdf 5f}+ . clxn] xfdL 9f8df 5f}+, ef“Rg af“sL 5, 6fpsf] xfGg af“sL 5, km'6fpg af“sL 5 . s=k|efs/n] eGg'eof]–æ9f8 alnof] d]?b08 xf], o;nfO{ ef“Rg 7"n} 3gx?sf] k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . ;lhn} ef“Rg ;lsb}g . 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df xfGg] eg]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug]{ eg]sf] xf] . of] 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df xfGg] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] nDa] cleofg klg xf] . of] cfqmd0fkl5 cfqmd0f x'“b} cl3 a95 .Æ
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rf}yf] l8lehg sld;f/ s=;'/]zl;+xn] klg 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df xfGg] sfo{gLlts of]hgf ;'gfp“b} eGg'eof]– æo;nfO{ k"/f ug{ xfdLn] w]/} n8fO{+ n8g'kg]{ x'G5 . rf}yf] l8lehgnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub}{ l;+xn] eGg'eof]–æxfd|f] of]hgf cleofg ag]sf] 5 . clxn] b]ze/sf kf6L{ k+lQmn] u08slt/ kms]{/ x]l//x]sf] 5 .Æ kf“rf} l8lehg sld;f/ ;'bz{gn] kf“rf}+ l8lehgsf] /f]nsfndf WofgdUg ePsf hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ Oª\lut ub}{ eGg'eof]–æof] ;]gf 9f8df 6]Sg cfPsf] 5, 9f8df 6]Sg] cleofg;Dd cfp“bf tLg dlxgfsf] ue{ v]/ uPsf] 5 . xfdL To;sf] abnf of] 9f8 ef“r]/ lng]5f}+ . of] 9f8 k/fnsf] TofGb|f] xf]Og of] dha't d]?b08 xf] . o;nfO{ ef“Rg dha't 9+un] nfUg'k5{ .Æ
/fte/ aduf]nf k8\ls/x\of]
!* ut] lbp“;f] s=ljB'tsf] kmf]gdf Pp6f va/ cfof], kmf]g p7fp“b} s=ljB'tn] s'/f ug'{eof] . s'/fsf] k|Ëu w]/}w]/} z'esfdgf, df]rf{ lhtL cfpg'xf]nf eGb} kmf]g /fVg'eof] . d}n] ;f]w]++ s;nfO{ z'esfdgf lbg'eof] < s=;'/]z l;+xn] kmf]g ug'{ePsf], pxf“x? lx8\g'eof] . d}n] clnslt ;'O“sf] cufl8 g} kfPsf] lyP“, st} 7"nf] n8fO{ rNb}5 . ToxL+ lx8g'eof] xf]nf eGg] c8\sn sf6]+ . lgzfgf / lglZrt lbg yfxf lyPg . kqsf/sf] lh1f;f clNn a9\of], slxn] x'G5 < s=ljB'tn] cfh jf ef]ln 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'eof] .
vfgf vfO;s]kl5 u08s If]qLo Ao"/f] O~rfh{ clgn;“u a]n'sf n8fO{s} s'/f eof] . cfh jf ef]ln x'g] n8fO{+sf] lgzfgfdf k'Ug cfh lx+8]sf] 7fp“af6 slt 306fdf k'luG5 eGg] lx;fa lstfa ubf{ hgd'lQm ;]gf cfh} k'U5 . dtna !* ut] a]n'sf !)÷!! ah]lt/ k'U5 eGg] lgrf]8 lgl:sof] . ljZjhLt sd/]8n] 7f]s'jf u/]kl5 xfdL !! ah];Dd g;'Tg] lgisif{df k'Uof} . s=clgn;“u 5'l§P/ cfk\mgf] cf]5\ofgdf cfp“b} s=w'|a / s=cfhfbnfO{ d}n] eg]“, cfh n8fO{ x“'b}5, g;'Tg'xf]nf x} eGb} PkmPd /]l8of] l;/fgLdf v'Nnf /fVb} o;f] l:nlkªu Aofuleq v'§f l5/fP“ . s= w|'an] xf] / < k|Zg ug'{eof] . 7\ofSs} t eGg ;lSbg t/ ;+efjgf glhs 5 d}n] eg“] .
aLaL;L ;'lg;s]kl5 xNsf lgb|fdf kl/P5, tnaf6 s=clgn xfdLn] t cl3 g} eg]sf], n8fO{+ ;'? eof], ev{/ k8\lsof], !! aHg kf“r ldg]6 5“bf xf] eGb} x'g'x'GYof] . jL/hª bfO p7]/ nf} 7f]s] a8\8fx?n] eGb} l:nlkª leqaf6 cfwf zl// lgsfNb} xft tGsfpg' eof] . xfdL eg] aflx/ lgl:sof} . ljZjhLt sd/]8n] v'zL x'“b} Pp6f r'/f]6 ;Nsfpg' eof] . h'g]nL /ftdf r'/f]6sf] w'jf km'ªu p8]/ km}lnof] . xfdL Psl5g 7"n7"nf cfjfh cfO/x]sf] tfg;]g ahf/sf] e"uf]nlt/ cf“vf nufof} . cfjfh dfq ;'lgGYof], e"uf]n b]lvb}gYof] lsgls tfg;]gaf6 xfdL 6f9} lyof} . ;fyLx? n of] 6'–O~rsf] cfjfh xf], n dfOg k8\lsof], hLkLPdhLsf] cfjfh xf] of] eGb} x'g'x'GYof] . t/ ;a}df Pp6f lrGtf ylkof] n8fO{+ t eof] lhltG5 ls lhlt+b}g < ;a} cf]5\ofgdf klN6of}+, aduf]nf k8\lsPsf] cfjfh lg/Gt/ xfd|f] sfgdf kl//\xof] . xfdL lgbfpg} ;s]gf}, t}klg ;dfrf/x? cfp“5g ls eGb} PkmPdsf] lk|mSj]G;L a6fb}{ Tof] /ft hfuf/fd a:of} .
va/sf] cft'/tf
af; a;]sf] blIF0flt/sf] e"uf]naf6 laxfg} p7]/ cln dfly uof}+ . kmf6km'6 x]lnsf]K6/n] *! PdPdsf] uf]nf v;fln/x]sf] lyof] . cfjfh k/k/;Dd 8/nfUbf] tl/sfn] km}lnb} uPsf] lyof] . tfg;]gdf s] eof] xf]nf hLt jf xf/ < va/sf] cft'/n] xfdL 56\k6fO/x]sf lyof}+ . s]xL ;dokl5 ;+rf/ ;]6dfkm{t hLt eof] eGg] ck'i6 va/ cfof] . nuQ} hgfb]zsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs dx]Zj/ bfxfnnfO{ kmf]g u/“] . pxf“ klg va/sf] xtf/df k|ltIffdf a;] h:tf] nfUof] . kmf]g xtf/df p7fpb} ;f]Wg'eof] s] eof] < n8fO{+sf] ;'?jftd} l8k'6L sdf08/ s=k|efs/n] kmf]g u/]sf] atfp“b} dx]Zj/hLn] lj:t[t va/ ;f]Wg'eof] . d}n] 5f]6f] pQ/ lbP n8fO{+ lht]sf] va/ 5, lj:t[t va/ t cfp“b} 5 d klg a'e\mb}5' . Psl5gkl5 df]jfOn kmf]g aGb eof] . d}n] a'emL g;Sb} kmf]g sfl6of] . To;kl5 xfdL va/sf] k|ltIffdf O~rfh{ s=clgn;“u} 8f“8flt/ nfUof} . laxfgsf] *=#) ah] clgn bfOsf] kmf]gdf 3G6L aHof] . n va/ cfof] eGb} kmf]g p7fp“bf t k"j{af6 s= cgGtsf] kmf]g kf] cfof] . va/ cfpnf eGbf emg\ va/ dfluPsf] kf] kmf]g † pxf“n] n8fO{+ lht]sf] t/ lj:t[t va/ a'emg'k5{ eGg'eof] .
clgn bfOn] nuQ} kmf]g ug'{eof] . 5f]6f] t/ dxTjk"0f{ va/ cfof], tfg;]g k"0f{?kdf sAhf eof], 3fOt]x? uf8Ldf Nofp“b}5f}+ eGb} va/sf] k'li6 eof] . t/ sf];“u kmf]g eof] dnfO{ rflx+ yfxf ePg . nuQ} klZrd sdf08 O~rfh{ s lbjfs/sf] kmf]g cfof] . s=clgnn] va/ k|]lift ug'{eof] . km]l/ s=sfG5faxfb'/sf] kmf]g cfof] . s=lbjfs/nfO{ lbPh:t} va/ lbg'eof] . !) aHg @) ldg]6 5“bf rf}yf] l8lehg sld;f/ s=;'/]zl;+xsf] kmf]g cfof] . kmf]gsf] ;+jfb o:tf] lyof] . xfd|f] Iflt tLg, rf/ hgf dfq 5 . c? ;a} l/kf]{6 ;+ufln;s]sf] 5}g . pgLx?sf] slt Iflt eof] < @) b]lv #) ;Dd x'g'k5{ . a}+s s] eof] < sAhf eof] k};f yf]/} eof], clg sf/fuf/ < P ======sxf“ uP aGbLx?, sAhfdf 5g, c;fWo} /fd|f] eof] . c=====7Ls xf] . ;'Gg'; t n8fO{+ slt ah]b]lv z'? eof] clgnsf] k|Zg ylkof] . hjfkm cfof] !! aHg % ldg]6b]lv %=#) ah];Dd t n8fO{ eof] . x]nLn] t v'a xfGof] xf} . ;'/]z l;+xn] va/ eGb} hfg'eof] . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, dfnkf]t, ;L8Lof] sfof{no, sf/fuf/ t 5f]6f] ;dod} sAhf eof] . ;]gfsf] b'O{6f cfp6kf]i6 /x]5g\ . tL klg p7fpg] eGbfeGb} laxfg;Dd n8fO{+ eof] . la/fdLx?nfO{ klg ;lhn} uf8Ldf k7fOof] . kmf]gsf] ;+jfb ;lsof] . To;kl5 s=clgnsf] ;]6df cWoIF s=k|r08sf] kmf]g cfof] !) ah] . pxf“;“u klg tfg;]g n8fO{+sf] lj:t[t va/ cfbfgk|bfg eof] .
sdf08f]sf sdf08/sf] s'/f
tfg;]g sAhf u/]/ kms]{kl5 rf}yf] l8lehgsf] ;dLIff e]nf eof] . ;dLIffdf s]–s] eof] w]/} s'/f t aflx/ cfPg t/ ;dLIff e]nf ;lsPkl5 l8lehg sld;f/ ;'/]zl;+x bfOn] s[i0f ;]g lau|]8sf eL;L o'ufGtsf] l/kf]l6{ª eg] /f]rs / dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] s'/f ;'gfpg' eof] . tfg;]g sfaf{xLsf] of]hgf alg;s]kl5 s]xL cfs{ tf]8\gsf nflu s=o'ufGtsf] sdfl08ªdf Pp6f sdf08f] kmf];{ agfOPsf] /x]5 . n8fO{“df lglZrt ul/Psf cfs{x?df …b'ZdgÚ gePkl5 ;w} P;N6df n8]sf sdf08/ o'ufGt xft af“w]/ a:g ;s]gg\ . pgL cfkmgf] kmf];{ lnP/ ljleGg cfs{x?df k'u] t/ ;a} cfs{df km'nlkmn kmf];{ lyof] . ;a}n] of] cfkm\gf] cfs{ ePsf] / oxf“ ;a} 7Ls e};s]sf] atfPkl5 emf]+s rn]sf o'ufGtn] zfxL ;]gfsf] Aof/]ssf] Pp6f cfs{df cfk\mgf] kmf];{ x'n] . glhs} a6flnog sdf08/n] b'Zdgsf] cfs{ 5 eGb} lyP t/ o'ufGtn] esfes Pp6f 3/ sAhf u/] . /, s]xL …b'ZdgÚ 9fn]/ s]xL xltof/ vf];] . ;dLIffdf pgn] lwt dg]{u/L n8\g gkfPsf] u'gf;f] ub}{ eg]–b'O{–rf/ hgf g9fNg] / b'O{rf/ j6f xltof/ sAhf gug]{ klg s] sdf08f]sf] sdf08/ †
k'Ug gEofp“b} n8fO{+ rlnxfNof]
s'DeLdf vfgf vfP/ lx+8]kl5 xfdL r'/]sf] h+undf g/fd|/L x/fof}+ . Psflt/af6 emg{'kg]{ csf]{lt/ k'luP5 . 5}7f} l8lehgsf] Pp6f kmf];{ s]xL lbgcl3b]lv a'6jn–;'gjn v08df a;]sf] lyof] . xfdL Tot} hf“b} lyof} . 7fp“–7fp“df cf]d zdf{n] xof08 ;]6af6 ;Dks{ ug{'eof] . l8lehg sdf08/ k|lts;“u klg ;Dks{ eof] t/ px“fx? a]nf/Lb]lv tn a:g'ePsf] /x]5 . xfdL aLr af6f]df k'Ubf gk'Ub} x]lnsf]K6/n] PrPdhLaf6 uf]nL a;f{pg yflnxfNof] . jgh+un o'4do eof] . xfdL glhs} a;f{P h:tf] nfUof] . Pp6f ?vsf] se/ lnP/ x]lnsf]K6/n] a;f{Psf] adsf] cfjfh /]sl8{ª u/]+ . dgClif lwtfn d'eL Sofd/f x]lnsf]K6/lt/ 3'dfp“b} x'g'x'GYof] .
a]nf/L emg]{ lglZrt eP/ embf{ emb}{ tn ;'gjnlt/ eLif0f n8fO{+ ;'? e}xfNof] . lbp“;f] # ah]/ @) ldg]6 hf“bf z'? ePsf] n8fO{+ rln/x“bf xfdL cf]/fnf] a]tf]8;“u em/\of}], x]lnsf]K6/n] aduf]nf a;f{O/x\of] . leq}leq} 8/ klg kl;/x]sf] lyof] . st} xfd|f] 6fpsf]dfly uf]nL v:g] xf] ls eGg] eon] klg xfdLnfO{ v]lb/x\of] . Pp6f xNnfvNnfsf] aLr ufp“ k'Uof}+ . em§ emg{ 8/ klg nfUof] st} 3]/fdf kl/G5 ls eGg] eo dgel/ /lx/x\of] . t}klg 8/fO8/fO ufp“ k'Uof} . ToxL+ ufp“ /x]5 a]nf/L . xfdL a]nf/L k'Ubf ;'gjn–a'6jn v08sf] /Djfk'/df le8Gt ;ls;s]sf] lyof] . jL/hª bfOn] kmf]gdf va/ lbO/fVg' ePsf] lyof] . xfdL k'u]/ va/ a'e\mbf ga'e\mb} n8fO{+ n8]/ cfPsf hgd'lQm ;]gf a]nf/L cfOk'Uf] . vf]nflt/af6 hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] 7"nf] n:s/ klg cfOk'Uof] . xfdL;“u ;'gjn le8Gt x]/]/ kms]{sf Ps hgf a'9f ls;fg;“u klg e]6 eof] . pgL xtf/xtf/ / cft+lst aGb} cfOk'u]sf lyP . xfdLn] ;f]Wof}+ s:tf] eof] n8fO{ < ls;fgn] atfP–xh'/ d t ax't} 8/fP“, v]t}v]t eflu/x]y]+, zfxL ;]gfnfO{ kl5kl5 nv]6] dfcf]jfbLx?n] . Pp6f l/S;fjfnfn] klg v'zLdf gf/f nufP 1fg]Gb| d'bf{jfb, dfcf]jfbL lhGbfjfb † nufof] . glhs} zfxL ;]gfn] klg Tof] gf/f ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] t/ s'l6xfNg] lxDdt rflx+ ug{ ;s]g . lsgsL pgLx? v]lbb} lyP . cfqmf]zdf cs:dft kf]lvPsf] lg/ªs'ztfsf] lj?4 p7]sf] cfjfh lyof] Tof] .
n8fO{ o;/L eof]
k/f;Laf6 l8lehgsf] OG6]lnh]G;n] ;xL va/ k7fPsf] lyof] . ToxLcg';f/ cfs{df a:g]x?n] kf]lh;g 7Ls kf/]sf lyP . zfxL ;]gfsf] rf/j6f uf8L / Pp6f aVt/aGb uf8L k/f;Laf6 a'6jn lx+8]sf] ;"rgf cfPkl5 ca ;f“Rr} le8Gtsf] ;Defjgf a9]sf] lyof] . #=!% ldg]6 hf“bf hg;]gfsf] cfs{ cufl8 zfxL ;]gf cfOk'Uof] . /, PSsf;L 3df;fg bf]xf]/f] le8Gt eof] . ds} e'6];/L aduf]nf k8\s] . lg/Gt/ n8fO{ rNof] / hgd'lQm ;]gfn] kxnsbdL a9fp“b} nUof] / b'ZdgnfO{ ;dfTg], v]b\g] / xltof/ a'emfpg gdfGg] / uf]nL j;f{O/xg]nfO{ uf]nLsf] hjfkm lbb} cl3 a9] . 5}6f]}+ l8lehg sdf08/ k|ltsn] /Djfk'/ n8fO+{af/] ;'gfp“b} eGg'eof]– æg]kfn aGb;“u} Pl/of PDa';sf] of]hgf lyof] t/ aGbel/ b'Zdg cufl8 a9]g . aGbkl5 t gcfO{ ;'v} lyPg . To;}cg';f/ xfdL xfd|f] of]hgfdf lyof} . of] of]hgfdf xfdL b'ZdgnfO{ 7f8\7f8} ;dfTg], lhp“b} kqmg] lyof], Tof] ;kmn klg eof] . w}o{tf / ;+odtfsf] ;fy hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] df]rf{ lhTg] tLj| OR5fsf] k|ltkmn klg xf] of] ljho . ;}Go b[li6sf]0faf6 dfq geO{ /fhgLlts ?kdf klg of] df]rf{sf] dxTj 5, slyt /fhfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] kmf}hL Ifdtf x|f; ePsf] jsaf; ul//x]sf] a]nfdf o;n] bl/nf] hafkm lbPsf] 5 .Æ
l8lehgsf csf{ sdf08/ bLksn] n8fO{+sf] cg'e"lt ;'gfp“b} eGg'eof]–æ5f]6f] / pknlAwd"ns n8fO{+ eof] . o;af6 xfdLn] t/fO{sf] n8fO{+sf] /fd|f] cg'e"lt klg lnof}+ / ef/L dfqfdf xltof/ klg sAhf u¥of+} .
P;N6df n8]sf la|u]8sf Pshgf sdf08/ h]D;n] /Djfk'/ n8fO{+nfO{ SjLs jf/sf] ;+1f lb+b} aVt/aGb uf8Ldf PnPdhL, hLkLPdhL xfGbf /dfOnf] nfUf]sf] ;'gfP . hLt la|u]8sf ;xfos sdf08/ h]D;n] sdf08/ hLtnfO{ ;Dem“b} n8]sf] atfp“b} eg]–æxfd|f 6Ldsf ;fyLx? 7f8\7f8} s'b\5g\, b'Zdg b]v]kl5 u'6'6' nv]6\5g\ .Æ o;n] ;fx;sf] kl/ro lbg] / n8fO{+nfO{ l56f] kxnsbdLdf lng ;lsG5 . /Djfk'/sf] df]rf{df b'O{ j6f ;}lgs uf8L, Pp6f l;len 6«s, Pp6f ldgL a; / Pp6f 6«sDfWo] aVt/aGb uf8Lafx]s ;a} ;8sd} kf]lnP . aVt/aGb uf8L eg] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] xdnfaf6 efu]/ ;'gjn ahf/ x“'b} k/f;Llt/ s'b\of] . P;N6 u'|kdf n8]/ kms{g] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf Ps sdf08/n] hgfb]z;“u eg]–xfdLn] b'O{ lsnf]ld6/;Dd zfxL ;]gfnfO{ v]b\of}, s]xLnfO{ lhp“b} sAhfdf lnof}+ .

;DkfbsLo
s8f k|lt/f]w ;+3if{sf] ljsNk 5}g
lg/+s'z zfxL ;Qflj?4 ;+3if{ ug{'sf] ljsNk 5}g . o;sf lj?4 n8\g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;a} ;+;bjfbL zlQm ;d]t ;xdt 5g\ . t/, zfxL ;Qflj?4 s8f k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ ug{] ls c;Gt'li6 dfq kf]Vg] eGg] ljifodf eg] clxn] Toxf“ ax; rln/x]sf] 5 .
zfxL ;Qflj?4 lg0ff{os ;+3if{ ug{] s'/fdf sltko ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?n] cem} uf]8f n8v8fpg' lj8Dagf xf] . k|lt/f]w ;+3if{sf] andf g} dfcf]jfbLn] zfxL ;QfnfO{ ;ª\s'rg / cfkm"nfO{ km}nfpg] qmdnfO{ hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\g} tfutdf c;L k|ltzt e"–efu sAhfdf lnPsf 5g\ . k'/fgf] ;Qflj?4 k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ ug{] s'/fdf dfcf]jfbLaf6 ;+;bjfbL g]t[Tjn] l;Sg h?/L 5 . zfxL ;Qflj?4 k|xf/ s]lGb|t ug{ ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g'k5{, To;f] ubf{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s}og\ k/Dk/fut dfGotf, h;nfO{ ;+;bjfbLx?n] cfklQ dfGb5g, nfO{ ;d]t tTsfn 5f8\g ;lsG5 eGg] dfcf]jfbLsf] nlrnf] c8fgnfO{ sdhf]/L 7fg]/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ k"/} cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg] ;f]+rsf ;fy sltko ;+;bjfbL g]tfx? nfu]sf] b]lvG5, of] b'ef{Uok"0f{ xf] . zfxL ;Qflj?4 n8\g] gfddf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;d]t p;};“u cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg] tl/sf xf] of] . hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ zfxL ;QfnfO{ pgLx?n] ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfkm\gf k"j{3f]lift ;+3if{ sfo{qmdaf6 ;d]t kl5 x6fpg vf]h]/ ;+;bjfbL bnsf sltko g]tfx?n] zfxL ;Qflj?4 n8\g] s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;/L zfxL ;QfnfO{ lhTg ;ls+b}g . of] vfn] gLltn] ;+;bjfbL zlQmnfO{ g} sdhf]/ agfp“5 . ;Demf}tfk/:t gLltsf sf/0f pgLx?sf] of] xfnt ePsf] 5 . ca klg cfkm\gf ;+emf}tfk/:t c8fgnfO{ abn]gg\ eg] pgLx?sf] ar]v'r]sf] cl:tTj ;d]t l;l4g]5 . cfkm\gf] cl:tTj l;Wofpg] ls zfxL ;Qfsf] cl:tTj l;Wofpg] eGg] s'/fsf] km};nf ca pgLx?n] ul/xfNg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] l:yltdf ;+o'Qm of Psn ;+3if{nfO{ tLj| agfpg h?/L 5 . u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ;femf gf/f / ;femf ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd agfP/ hfg l9nf] ug'{ x'Gg .
;+;bjfbL zlQm cfGbf]ngdf cfP klg gcfP klg dfcf]jfbLn] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 . cfhb]lv ;'? ePsf] gfsfaGbL r}q @) ut];Dd hf/L /xg] 5 / r}q @! ut]b]lv clglZrsfnLg cfd x8tfn ;'? x'g]5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] of] k|lt/f]wk"0f{ ;+3if{sf] andf zfxL ;QfnfO{ 7]ufg nufpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . zfx j+zLo ;fdGtL lg/+s'z ;Qfsf] lj?4 o; lsl;dsf] cfGbf]ng ubf{ s]xL ;do hgtfnfO{ k|ToIf df/ kg{;S5 . ;of}+ jif{b]lv hgtfnfO{ n'6\b}, dfb{} cfPsf] zfxL ;QfnfO{ a9fg{ s]xL dlxgfsf] df/ v]Kg' 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . zfxL ;QfnfO{ Wj:t gkfbf{;Dd k|lt/f]w ;+3if{nfO{ t]h agfp“b} hfg'k5{ . ;a} ldn]/ n8\g] xf] eg] gof“ ;fnsf] k|f/De;“u} gof“ Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf x'g;Sg] 5 . ;+;bjfbL bn cfGbf]ngdf guP klg dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] nIonfO{ ;kmntfsf] ljGb'df k'¥ofP/} 5f8\g]5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] k|lt/f]w ;+3if{af6 cflQP/ zfxL ;Qfn] bdg;“u} …cfly{s nfeÚ sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . of] p;sf] dg{] j]nfsf] 56k6fx6dfq xf] . ca p;sf] cGTonfO{ s;}n] 5]Sg;Sg] 5}g .

ljrf/
hgo'4 / /fli6«otfsf] k|Zg
) b]j u'?ª
æ>dhLjLx?sf] s'g} :jb]z x'“b}g h'g pgsf] ;fydf 5+b} 5}g To;nfO{ s;n] vf]:g;S5 < lsgls ;j{xf/f ju{n] ;aeGbf klxn] /fhg}lts k|e'Tj k|fKt ug'{5, /fi6«df k|wfg ju{sf] :yfg u|x0f ug'{5, v'b cfkm}nfO{ /fi6«sf] ?kdf ;+ul7t ug'{5 ctM o; xb;Dd :jod\ /fli6«o rl/q /fVb5Æ –dfS;{, P+u]N;
ljifo k|j]zM
g]kfnL >dhLjL hgtfn] em08} ;f“9] b'O{ ;o jif{ k"j{b]lv yf]kl/b} cfO/x]sf] lg/+s'z ;fdGtjfbL zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8gaf6 d'lQm, :jfwLgtf tyf hgjfbsf lglDt dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s dfu{ lgb]{zg tyf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] cfx\jfgdf ;g\ !((^ km]a'|c/Lb]lv dxfg\ hgo'4sf] z'ef/De eO{ /0fg}lts /Iff /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf r/0fx? kf/ ub}{ ;g\ @))$ ;]K6]Da/b]lv /0fg}lts k|Tofqm0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] oyfy{tf ;j{ljlbt} 5 . cfh ljZj ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'udf qmflGt g} d"n k|j[lQ x'“bfx“'b} klg ljZj /fhg}lts kl/b[Zodf @)cf}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{df cfOk'Ubf ljZj ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngsf] cfwf/Onfsfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;f]leot ;+3 / lrlgof sDo'lgi6 kf6L{leq qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] k/fho / ;+zf]wgjfbL k"“hLjfbLx?sf] c:yfoL ljhon] ubf{ tL d'n'sx?sf] /fHo;Qfdf k"“hLjfbL k|0ffnLsf] k'g:yf{kgf eO{ ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngn] Pp6f c:yfoL wSsf a]xf]g'{ k¥of] / ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngn] tTsfn s]xL /IffTds l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . csf]{tkm{ ljZj ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx? dfS;{jfb / ;dfhjfbsf nflu c;kmn ePsf] eGb} ljZjJofkL ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] Ps w'|'jLo ljZj sfod ug{] w[i6tf ub}{ cfO/x]sf]] 5 . cfTdut ?kdf x]bf{ lgZro klg sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt of] l:ylt r'gf}tLk"0f{ xf] .
k/Gt' g]kfn h:tf] e"kl/j]li6t ;fgf] tyf cToGt} lk5l8Psf] lxdfnL /fHodf 5f]6} cjlwdf hgo'4n] Pskl5 csf]{ ljho k|fKt ub}{ 5nfªdo 9+un] ljsf; / lj:tf/ eO/xsf] 5 . em08} ;jf b'O{ s/f]8 hg;+VofdWo] cToflws jx';+Vos hgtfnfO{ k|efljt kfg'{sf ;fy} nfvf}+ hgtf hgo'4df s'g} g s'g} ?kdf ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . em08} *) k|ltzteGbf j9L u|fdL0f e"–efudf hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] cEof; / cfwf/Onfsfx?sf] :yfkgf tyf lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . oxF“;Dd ls d}bfgL efux? / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;b/d'sfdsf 5]p5fpsf kl/j[QLo e"–efux?df ;d]t cfwf/Onfsfsf] lj:tf/ e}/x]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;]gf / cGo ;/sf/L lgsfosf ultljlwx? ;b/d'sfdx?df dfq ;Lldt x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
hgo'4sf] yfngLsf] 5f]6} cjlwdf o; 9+un] hgo'4sf] k|efj lj:tf/ x'g' eg]sf] lgZro klg sltko dflg;x?sf] lglDt cfZro{hgs klg x'g;S5 . o;n] lgZro klg Pp6f k|Zg v8f u/]sf] 5 ls y'k|} k|lts"ntfx?sf] aLraf6 s;/L hgo'4sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ;+ej eof] < o;sf] k|To'Q/df xfdL d'VotM Pp6} sf/0f b]V5f}+, Tof] xf] g]kfnsf] j:t'l:ylt / oxf“sf] cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ dfn]dfjfbsf] ljZj b[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df 7f]; cj:Yffsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f ub}{ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cfkmgf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx? to ug{ / ju{;+3if{sf] hLjGt d}bfgdf To;nfO{ 7Ls 9+un] nfu" ug{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] ;kmntf g} xf] . cyf{t\ csf]{ zAbdf dfn]dfjfbsf] k|of]u / g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] cg'ejaf6 ;+in]lift k|r08kyLo ljrf/ >+[vnfsf] j}1flgstfsf] Ps xb;Ddsf] k'li6 klg xf] . ljrf/ >[+vnfsf] ljsf; g]kfnsf] ljlzi6tfaf6 hGd]sf] ePtf klg o;df s}og\ ;fj{ef}d kIfx? klg cGt/lglxt 5g\ . ljrf/ >[+vnfsf] ljljw kIfx?dWo] oxF“ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf] /fli6«otfsf] k|Zg klg xf] . of] g]kfnsf] ljlzi6tf klg xf] / rLgdf s=dfcf]sf] b]xfGtkZrft\ ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] cufl8 /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng / ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngaLr ;xL 9+un] ;+of]hg ug{ g;s]sf] ljifo klg xf] . To;nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|r08kyn] ;xL 9+un] ;dfof]hg ug{ ;kmn /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] oxf“ g]kfnsf] /fli6«otfsf] k|ZgnfO{ k|r08kyn] s;/L ;+Zn]if0f u¥of] / /fli6«otfsf] cfGbf]ng / ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngaLr ;+of]lht eP/ g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ?kdf s;/L ;dfof]lht eof] eGg] ;jfndf g} s]lGb|t eP/ 5nkmnnfO{ oxf“ cufl8 a9fpg k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .
/fli6«o ;d:of eg]sf] s] xf] <
/fi6« eg]sf] ;fdflhs Pstfsf] Pp6f ?k xf] . o;sf] ljsf; lglZrt cfly{s pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] cfwf/df x'g] ub{5 . ;dfg ljsf;sf] qmddf :jefjtM /fi6«x? hGdG5g\ / ljsf; x'G5g\ . of] :jod\ ju{ klg xf]Og . t/ ha /fi6«;“u ;DalGwt ;d:of cyf{t\ /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of eg]/ lrlgG5 Toxf“ juL{o ;d:of cGt/lglxt /xG5 lsgeg] /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of b'O{ sf/0fn] hGdg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . klxnf] sf/0f, ;fdGtL ;fd|fHo / bf]>f] sf/0f k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfb . h'g;'s} k|s[ltsf] ;fd|fHojfb lsg gx'g Pp6fn] csf]{ ;d'bfodfly cltqmd0f u/L pTkL8g rnfPsf] /x]5 eg] /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of ToxL+af6 k}bf x'G5 . oBlk ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf] hGdkZrft\ ;fdGtL k|s[ltsf cltqmd0fx? uf}0f ag]sf 5g\ / To;sf] :yfg k"“hLjfbL ljZj ;fd|fHojfbn] lnPsf] 5 . juL{o ;dfhsf] pTkL8gsf] d'Vo :j?k d'VotM b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'g] u5{ . Pp6f JolQm jf gful/sdfly, bf]>f] Pp6f lglZrt ;d'bfodfly . lglZrt ;d'bfodfly x'g] pTkL8gsf] kl/0ffd:j?k /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of hGdg] u5{ To;}n] /fi6« :jod\ ju{ xf]Og of] s]jn hgtfsf] ;d"x dfq xf] . k/Gt' ha /fi6«sf] cfwf/df pTkL8g x'g] u5{ ta /fli6«o ;d:of juL{o x'g hfG5 . To;}n] ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg u'? s=dfcf]n] eGg'ePsf] 5 ls …/fli6«o ;d:of eg]sf] cflv/ juL{o cGt/lj/f]ws} Pp6f ?k xf] .Ú Pp6f lglZrt e"uf]ndf j;f]jf; ug]{ lgjf;Lx?dfly k/fOx?af6 cfqmd0f jf cltqmd0f u/L pTkL8g ul/Psf] 5 eg] Toxf“ /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of hGdG5 . Pp6f lglZrt eflifs jf ;f“:s[lts ;d'bfodfly cGo eflifs jf ;f“:s[lts cltqmd0f ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] Toxf“ klg /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of hGdG5 . /fli6«otfsf] ;d:ofsf] cGt klg tL cltqmd0f jf x:tIf]kd"ns k|j[lQsf] cGt;“u} hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . ctM /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of eg]sf] ju{x?sf] hGd / juL{o cGt/lj/f]w jf juL{o pTkL8gsf] kl/0ffd:j?k hGd eof] eg] o;sf] cGt klg ju{x?sf] ljnf]kkZrft\ g} x'g]5 .
dfgj ;Eotfsf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] k|frLg u|Ls tyf o'gfgL ;Eotf ju{ljxLg cj:yfdf lyof] . sfnfGt/df Toxf“ bf; o'usf] hGd eof] . bf; dflnsx?sf] cltqmd0fsf/L k|j[lQs} sf/0f cGttM o'gfgdf /f]dg ;fd|fHojfbsf] hGd eof] . ;fdGtL o'udf To;n] r/d ljsf; u¥of] . k"“hLjfbL qmflGtsf] o'udf Tof] Wj:t eof] . k/Gt' k"“hLjfbs} ljsf;sf] qmddf kmfl;jfbL gfhLjfb / ox'bLjfb hlGdof] . c+u|]h ;fd|fHojfb hlGdof] . :k]lg;, k|m]Gr, kf]t'{ufnL cflb ;fd|fHo hlGdof] . Pl;ofdf hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbsf] hGd / ljsf; eof] . o'/f]kdf ljsf; ePsf] ;fd|fHojfb cGttM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] ?kdf k|s6 e}/x]sf] 5 .
otf blIf0f Pl;of cyf{t ef/tLo pk–dxfåLkdf O=k"= @# xhf/ jif{ k"j{;Dd ju{x?sf] hGd ePsf] b]lvGg . Tolta]nf oxF“sf] dfgj ;Eotf / ljsf;n] pRrtf k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . hj ju{x?sf] hGd eof] bf; dflnsx?af6 y'k|} cfqmd0fx? x'g] ub{y] . bf; o'u / ;fdGtL o['udf g} jfXo cfqmd0f / x:tIf]k k6sk6s eof] . o'gfgsf l;sGb/b]lv zs, t's{ / d'unx?;Ddn] cfqmd0f u/] . ef/tLo pk–dxfåLkdf g} klg cfhfb zq'sf] cu'jfdf ;fdGtL duw ;fd|fHo klg lj:tf/ u/]sf lyP . ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] qmddf k“"hLjfbL c+u|]h ;fd|fHojfbn] cltqmd0f u/L Psflwsf/ sfod u¥of] . cfh c+u|]h ;fd|fHojfbn] ef/tLo pk–dxfåLk 5f]l8;]s]sf 5g\ k/Gt' p;}sf] kblrGxnfO{ k5\ofp“b} ef/tLo zf;sx?n] lj:tf/jfbL gLlt ckgfpg cem} 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . bf; tyf ;fdGtsfnLg ;fd|fHojfb ljs]lGb|t / ljvl08t ?kdf :yfgLo :t/df ;Lldt lyof] . k“"hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfb s]lGbs[t ?kdf ljZjJofkL ag]/ k|s6 eof] . To;n] ;fdGtL ;fd|fHox?nfO{ lj:yfkg ub}{ nUof] / ;fdGtL ;fd|fHo, k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHosf] t'ngfdf uf}0f aGg k'Uof] . pTkL8gsf] ?k klg ;fdGtL ;fd|fHocGtu{t e"ld / >ddfly n'6 dRrfp“Yof] eg] k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHocGtu{t jfl0fHo Jofkf/, dfgj >d / ljQLo k"“hLsf] dfWodaf6 n'6nfO{ Jofks agfPsf] 5 . oxL n"6 e"ld–hldg, efiff, ;“:s[lt, wd{ cflbsf] cfwf/df cGo ;d'bfodfly dRrfPs} kl/0ffd:j?k /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of pTkGg x'g k'Uof] ctM o;sf] d"n h8 ;fd|fHojfb xf] . ;fdGtL k|j[lQsf ;fd|fHox? klg cfh ljZj ;fd|fHojfbs} cf8e/f];f / ;+/If0fdf l6s]sf 5g\ . ;fd|fHojfbsf] ljZjJofkL cGToljgf o; k|j[lQsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf] ljZj :t/df ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g .
g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] rl/q / ljsf; M
g]kfndf /fli6«otf ;DaGwL ljutdf s] cjwf/0ff /x“b} cfPsf] lyof] eg] g]kfn Pp6f /fi6« xf] . h;sf] Pp6} e"uf]n, Pp6} Oltxf;, Pp6} ;“:s[lt ePsf] /fi6«sf ?kdf a'em\g] / To; /fi6«sf] ;+:yfks k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx xf] / pgn] !*cf}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{lt/ /fi6« PsLs/0f u/]sf lyP eGg] wf/0ff k|an ?kdf lyof] . To;}u/L /fli6«otfsf] ;d:of eg]sf] jfXo d'n'sx?af6 x:tIf]kaf6 dfq k}bf x'G5 eGg] wf/0ff klg lyof] . of] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL wf/0ff lyPg . o; cjwf/0ffsf] v08g ub}{ k|r08kyn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] 7Ls åGåjfbL ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ /fli6«otfsf] ;d:ofsf] sf/0f cfGtl/s klg 5 . cem k|wfg sf/0f ToxL cfGtl/snfO{ atfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] /fli6«otfsf] ;d:ofaf/] a'em\g ;j{k|ydtM cfly{s pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] hudf vf]lhg' kb{5 .
s=k|r08n] eGg'ePsf] 5–æx/]s P]ltxfl;s sfndf pTkfbg zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGw aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ g} ju{;+3if{sf] :t/ / k|s[lt lgwf{l/t x'“b} cfO/x]sf] 5 .–-g]kfnL qmflGtsf ;d:ofx? efu–!_ o;/L x]bf{ g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cfly{s pTkfbg ;DaGw cw{–;fdGtL / cw{–cf}klgj]lzs k|s[ltsf] /x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfnL ;dfh Psftkm{ cflbdsfnLg ;fd"lxs u0f k|yfTds pTkfbg ;DaGwsf cjz]ifx? klg af“sL /x]sf] 5 csf]{tkm{ ;fdGtjfbsf] h'g ljsf; eof] Tof] klg oxL wtL{df hGd]/ x's]{sf]eGbf klg jfx\oaf6 cfofltt k|0ffnL ePsfn] To;n] ulx/f] h/f gufl8;s]sf] l:ylt 5 / 7Ls oxL l:yltdf ljZjdf k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf; eP/ ;fd|fHojfbsf] :t/df k'u]/ t]>f] ljZjdf ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] pklgj]z lj:tf/ u/L Psflwsf/ ahf/ sfod ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . To;n] ubf{ cfly{s pTkfbg ;DaGw Ps k|sf/sf] lvr8L / ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfaf6 u'h|“b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; l:yltdf kl/jt{gsf] lbzf hxf“ cflbd k|s[ltsf] u0f k|yfTds pTkfbg ;DaGw 5, To;nfO{ ca kl/jt{g gu/L g t k"“hLjfbL pTkfbgsf] lbzfdf n}hfg ;lsG5 g t k"“hLjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] lbzfdf g} . a? To;nfO{ ;fd"lxs ;xsf/Lsf] k|0ffnL x'“b} ;dfhjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGwn] h/f uf8]sf] 5, Toxf“ Ps:t/;Dd k"“hLjfbL qmflGt h?/L x'G5 . ljb]zL Psflwsf/ k"“hLjfbL ahf/nfO{ /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf; u/L lj:yfkg ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . zx/ ahf/ / /fhwfgL 5]pm5fpmx?df gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfb a9\bf] 5 . To;nfO{ klg cf}Bf]lusLs/0f /fli6«o k"“hLjfb x'“b} ;dfhjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg'kg]{5 .
o;/L cfly{s pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] l:ylt g} lvr8L jf ldl>t k|sf/sf] ljljwtf /x]sfn] To;sf] k|ltljDjsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;fdflhs Pstfsf] ;DaGw klg ljljwtfdf /x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] ult g} ljljw 9+un] ljsf; x“'b} cfPsf] 5 . h:tf] ls dw]z, leqL dw]z / r'/]sf] >+[vnfdf a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf cflbd ci6«f]b|lj8 tyf cfUg]o dxfj]zL yf?, bg'jf/, s'dfn, dfemL, lwdfn, sf]h, j+zL, d]r], ;tf/, emf“u8nufotsf cflbjf;L ;d'bfox?df sljnfOsfnLg u0f k|yfTds ljz]iftfx? cem klg af“sL 5g\ . kxf8L tyf lxdfnL >+[vnfx?df du/, tfdfª g]jf/, /fO{, lnDa', n]Krf, Jof;L, 5GTofn, ysfnL, z]kf{, u'?ªnufot\ kxf8sf cflbjf;L ;d'bfox?df klg sfkmL xb;Dd u0fk|yfTds ljz]iftfx? e]l6G5g\ . oL ;d'bfox? xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv cyf{t\ s[lif o'ub]lv g} e"ld;“u hf]l8P/ ;fd"lxs pTkfbg / ljt/0f ub}{ hLljsf]kfh{g ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . csf]{tkm{ ef/tLo pk–dxfåLkdf ;fdGtjfbsf] r/d ljsf;, ljz]if u/L u+ufsf] d}bfg O;fk"j{b]lv g} z'? ePsf] b]lvG5 . 7Ls oxL pTkfbg k|0ffnLaf6 lxGb"dfuL{ j}l4s cfo{x? k|lzlIft ag] . oxL dfuL{ ;d'bfo sfnfGt/df lxGb':tfgdf rn]sf] lxGb'–O:nflds wfld{s åGåaf6 !)cf}+ !!cf}+ zbLb]lv !#cf}+ !$cf}+ zbLsf] cGt/fndf Jofks :t/df blIf0f–klZrdL lbzfaf6 lj:yflkt x“'b} jt{dfg g]kfnsf] e"uf]ndf cjl:yt /x]sf] 5 . pTkL8gd"ns juL{o ;dfh / ;fdGtjfbL juL{o /fHo;Qf v8f ug{df ltgLx? cEo:t lyP . csf]{tkm{ oxf“sf /}yfg} cflbjf;Lx?df ;fd"lxs u0fk|yf tyf u0f /fHox? ePtf klg Tof] ju{df cfwfl/t / ljsl;t lyPg . kmntM To;nfO{ lj:yflkt ub}{ cGttM juL{o ;dfh / ;fdGtjfbdf cfwfl/t ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf v8f ug{ dWoo''uLg ;fdGtjfbsf] sfndf cfP/ dfq o; lxdfnL e]udf Jofks :t/df ;Dej ePsf] b]lvG5 . oBlk sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf kf“rf}+÷5}7f} zbLb]lv g} ;fdGtjfb cfofltt eP/ 6';fp“b} gjf}+÷!)cf} zbLdf Jofks ljsf; eof] eg] klZrdL kxf8x?df !#cf}+÷!$cf}+ zbLaf6 ;fdGtjfbsf] ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . pkl/;+/rgfdf ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf sfod u/]/ cflbdsfnLg ;fd"lxs u0fk|yfTds pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ tf]8\b} ;fdGtL pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf kl/0ft ug{ k|oTg ul/Ptf klg krf;f}+ xhf/ jif{b]lv :yflkt u0fk|yfnfO{ tTsfn ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf tf]8g ;+ej lyPg . To;}n] cfkmgf] ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] pkl/;+/rgfnfO{ l6sfpg s}og :yfgdf cflbdsfnLg ;fd"lxs u0fk|yfnfO{ klg Ps xb;Dd sfod /fVb} ;Demf}tfsf] gLltnfO{ klg cjnDjg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k"jL{ kxf8df ls/ftx?sf] lsk6sf] ?kdf /x]sf] egdG;f / uf]q gfossf] ?kdf /x]sf] ls;fg k|yf klg o;}sf] cjz]if dfGg ;lsG5 . o:t}u/L e"lddfly lghL :jfldTj sfod ug]{ k|lqmof s}og cflbjf;L ;d'bfox?df /f0ff zf;g / k~rfot sfndf cfP/ dfq k"/f u/]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|df Pp6} ;fdGtL /fHo;QfcGtu{t klg :yfgLo ?kdf e"ld Joj:yfdf lghL, ;fd"lxs b'j}u/L b'O{ k|yf :ki6tM Oltxf;sf] nfdf] sfnv08;Dd /x“b} cfof] . lghL / ;fdGtjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnLaf6 k|lzlIft cfo{ ;d'bfodf lghL :jfldTjdf cfwfl/t ;fdGtL e"k|yf / cGo cflbjf;Lx?df ;fd"lxs k|yf / /fHonfO{ ;d'bfosf] tkm{af6 ;fd"lxs lt/f] a'emfp“b} cfPsf] klg b]lvG5 . oBlk kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf] andf cflbjf;Lx?sf] ;fd"lxs k|yfnfO{ tf]8\b} ;fdGtL k|yfnfO{ leq\ofOsf 5g\ / s]xL ;fdGtx? hGdfpg] k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . t/ klg ;du|tfdf x]bf{ hlt lghL ;DklQ / ;fdGtL k|yfaf6 cEo:t ;dfhdf ;fdGt ju{ / cGo >dhLjL ls;fg ju{aLrsf] juL{o cGt/lj/f]w b]lvG5 . To;sf] cg'kftdf cflbjf;L ;d'bfoleq juL{o cGt/lj/f]wsf] ?kdf d'VotM k/fOx? / ltgLx?sf] /fHo;Qf;“u x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o;/L yf]/} hg;+Vof / ;fgf] lxdfnL /fHo ePtf klg pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] hudf lgld{t pkl/;+/rgfx? ljrf/, /fhgLlt ;+:sf/, efiff, wd{ cflb jx'ljljwtfdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;f/tM ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj?4sf] cGt/lj/f]wn] k|wfgtf lnP klg tL Ps?ktfdf 5}gg\ / ljljwtfdf /x]sf 5g\ . /fHo;Qf;“usf] cGt/lj/f]wsf ljljw k|s[ltx?df s]xL If]qLotfsf] k|Zgn] k|wfgtf lnO/x]sf] s]xL hftLotfsf] k|Zgn] s]xL efiff, wd{, ;+:s[ltn] t sxL+ lkt[k|wfg lxGb" ;dfhsf sf/0fn] n}lËstfsf] cfwf/df t sxL+ lxGb' j0f{f>d k|yfn] ubf{ hftkft k|yfsf] cfwf/df cGt/lj/f]w k}bf eO/x]sf] 5 .
log} cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] cfwf/df ;fdflhs Pstfsf ljljw ?kx? sfod ePsf 5g\ . o;k|sf/sf ;fdflhs Pstfsf ?kx?df /fli6«otf klg Pp6f xf] . ctM g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs l:ylt eg]sf] jx'/fli6«otfsf] cj:yf xf] .
s] g]kfn Psn /fi6« xf]Og of aGg ;Sb}g <
g]kfn Psn /fHo lyPg / ca aGg;Sg] ;+efjgf klg 5}g . lsgeg] /fi6« aGg] k|s[of k"“hLjfbsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf lyof] . ljZjdf !*cf}+ tyf !(cf}+ zbLdf ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 k"“hLjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf Psn /fi6«sf] ;+ej lyof] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf s}og\ 3/]n' cf}Bf]lus j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg x'“b} lyof] . s[lifhGo, kz'hGo pkhx? jg;Dkbf, vlgh kbfy{x? cflb j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg / lgof{t x'g] k|yf z'? ePsf] lyof] . j:t'x?sf] ljlgdo / d'b|f k|0ffnLsf] ;fy} ltAat / ef/tsf] aLrsf] Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x? lj:tf/ eO{ Jofkfl/s k"“hLsf] klg ljsf; x'“b} lyof] . klZrddf d':tfªb]lv jfUn'ª, tfg;]g x“'b} a'6jn v:of}nL;Ddsf] pQ/ blIf0f Jofkfl/s dfu{sf ;fy} tfg;]g jfUn'ªdf ;–;fgf 3/]n' pBf]ux? km:6fp“b} lyof] . ;'b"/ klZrddf s0f{fnL l;+hfb]lv pQ/df tfSnfsf]6 dfg;/f]j/ If]q / blIf0fdf /fhfk'/ x“'b} Jofkfl/s dfu{sf ;fy} l;+hf If]qdf df6f, tfdf / kmnfdsf] ef8f jt{g / cf}hf/ pTkfbg ug]{ ;–;fgf 3/]n' tyf kz'hGo pBf]ux? 5fnf, pmg / pmgL sDansf] pBf]ux? km:6fp“b} lyof] . k"jL{ kxf8df l5d]sL a+ufndf e}/x]sf] k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf;n] Psxb;Dd k|efljt x'“b} lyof] . k/Gt' Toltv]/ o; lxdfnL e]usf] /fHo;Qf clwsf+z :yfgdf lxGb"dfuL{ ;fdGtL k|s[ltsf] e'/]–6fs'/] /fHox? lyP . pTkfbg ;DaGwdf e}/x]sf] kl/jt{g / pkl/;+/rgf aLrdf lj/f]wfefif lyof] . o; k[i7e"lddf k"“hLjfbL k|s[ltsf] Psn /fHo lgdf{0f ;+ej lyof] . ?kdf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] cu'jfOdf !*cf}+ zbLsf] &)sf] bzsdf Psn /fHolgdf{0f t eof] t/ ;f/df rl/qdf pxL e'/]–6fs'/] afO;] / rf}aL;]sfnLg / sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf ;fdGtL dNn /fhfx? -h;n] gjf+}, !)cf}+ zlbb]lv !^cf}+ !&cf}+ zbL;Dd ;fdGtjfbsf] ljsf; u/]sf lyP_ eGbf tflTjs ?kdf km/s x'g ;s]g . klZrddf h;/L afO;], rf}aL;] ;fdGtL /fhfx? :yflkt eP ToxL ?kdf k"j{df klg cltqmd0fsf/L k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf] :yfkgf ul/of] . ;}Go cleofgdf lglZrt klg k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx cGo e"/]–6fs'/] ;fdGtL /fHox?eGbf ;Ifd b]lvP . k/Gt' pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf pxL e'/]–6fs'/]sfnLg ;fdGtL pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ g} sfod /fv] . ToxL sfndf csf]{tkm{ j[l6z k"“hLjfbn] ;fd|fHojfbsf] ?kdf kl/0ft eP/ !*cf}+ zbLdf h;/L Oi6 Ol08of sDkgL v8f u/L cltqmd0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] lyof], To;sf] lj/f]w t k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] u/] . k/Gt' pgn] j[l6z ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]w ug]{ gfddf ;fd|fHojfbL gLltsf] dfq xf]Og ;du| k"“hLjfbL k|0ffnLsf] g} lj/f]w u/]/ ;fdGtjfbL ;Qf / pTkfbg k|0ffnL sfod ug{ hf]8 lbP . kmntM afO{;], rf}aL;]sfnLg e'/]–6fs'/] ;fdGtL /fHox? / k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] cu'jfOdf ul/Psf] tL ;fdGtL /fHox?sf] PsLs/0f aLrdf tflTjs cGt/ /x]g . To;}n] ubf{ ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf b[li6n] x]bf{ afO{;], rfaL;]sfnLg lxGb'dfuL{ ;fdGtL /fHo;QfcGtu{t ;dfhsf] h'g l:ylt lyof] ToxL l:ylt ;fdGtL /fHo PsLs/0fkl5 klg /lx/x\of] / /fi6« lgdf{0f / PsLs/0fsf] k|s[of ca?4 x'g k'Uof] . ToxL l:ylt cfhko{Gt klg oyfjt 5 . ;g\ !*!^ sf] Oi6 Ol08of sDkgL;“usf] ;'uf}nL ;lGwkZrft\ Oi6 Ol08of sDkgLn] pklgj]z a9fp“b} nUof] . To;n] k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf;df cf}Bf]lus k"“hLsf] ljsf; x'g'sf] ;§f bnfn k"“hLsf] ljsf; u/fOlbof] . sfnfGt/df Tof] k"“hL ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf] ;+/If0fdf bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfbsf] ?kdf ljsf; eof] . pTkfbg ;DaGwdf /x]sf] To;k|sf/sf] rl/qsf] :jfefljs kl/0flt /fHo;Qfdf zfxj+zLo /fhfx?sf] dfq xf]Og /f0ffx?;d]t a[l6z ;fd|fHojfbsf] gf+uf] bnfnsf] ?kdf k|s6 eof] . /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf; emg\ cj?4 x'gk'Uof] . kmntM ;fdflhs Pstfsf] ;+/rgfdf klg /fli6«o Pstfsf] lbzf lng ;s]g / ;fdGtL jf bnfn gf]s/zfxL rl/qsf] ljsf; x'“b} uof] . /fHo;Qfsf] andf pkl/;+/rgfdf Pstf h:tf] b]lvPtf klg ;f/ t ;fdflhs ?kdf /fli6«o PsLs/0f x'g ;s]g . oBlk ;fdGtL /fHo;QfcGtu{t g} klg nfdf] ;do;Dd ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;Qf sfod /xg] qmddf :jtM:km"t{ ?kdf hg:t/df hgtfaLrsf] cGt/;DaGw cGt/lge{/tf / j:t'x?sf] hg:t/df cGt/ljlgdon] ubf{ hg:t/df lgZro klg cGt/;+3if{ / cGt/3'lnt eP/ Ps xb;Dd dgf]j}1flgs Pstf eg] cjZo sfod ePsf] 5, k/Gt' Tof] Pstf cfly{s pTkfbg ;DjGwdf cfwfl/t ;du| /fli6«o Pstfsf] :t/df ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf / ;fd|fHojfbL pklgj]zsf sf/0fn] ljsf; x'g ;s]g . To;}n] /fHo;Qfsf b[li6n] Psn /fHo x'“bfx'“b} klg hgtfaLrsf] /fli6«o Pstfsf] b[li6n] Psn /fi6« x'g ;s]g . jx'/fli6«o / If]qLo ljljwtfsf] l:ylt k[YjLgf/fof0f zfxsf] kfnfb]lv /f0ff zf;gsf] !)$ jif{, k+rfotL #) jif{ / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo sfn;Dd klg ;f/tM pxL l:ylt sfod /x\of] . ;fdGtjfbL zf;sx?n] /fli6«o Pstfsf] gf/f t lbP k/Gt' To;sf] nflu g t pTkfbg ;DaGwdf ?kfGt/0f g} u/] g t /fli6«o Pstfsf] cfwf/e"t husf] ?kdf hgtfsf] lglDt :jfwLgtf / :jtGqtf g} k|bfg u/] . hgtfsf] Jofks :jtGqtf ljgf /fli6«o Pstf sfod x'g g;Sg] dfq xf]Og Pstfsf] d'Vo cj/f]ws g} ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGq /Xof] . Psftkm{ sf]/f /fli6«o Pstfsf] gf/f kmnfSg] / csf]{tkm{ To;sf] nflu clgjfo{ zt{sf ?kdf /x]sf] hgtfsf] :jfwLgtf / :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t ug]{ lj8Dagfk"0f{ gLltnfO{ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxb]lv cfh ko{Gtsf zf;sx?n] lg/Gt/tf lbb} cfP . o;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f /fli6«o Pstfsf] kIf afO{;], rf}aL;]sfnLg l:ylteGbf tflTjs ?kn] km/s x'g ;s]g .
o;/L afO{;] rf}aL;]sfnLg lxGb'dfuL{ ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfb]lv k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx x'“b} cfh;Dd ;dfh ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s s8L 6'6\g k'u]sf] 5 . oxL 6'6]sf] s8L cfh ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ng / hgo'4sf] cufl8 r'gf}tLsf ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 .
s;/L hf]8\g ;lsG5 Tof] 6'6]sf] s8LnfO{ <
Psftkm{ !&cf} / !*cf}+ zbLdf klZrddf ePsf] k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf;n] ljZj ;fd|fHojfbL rl/q u|x0f ug'{ / csf]{tkm{ ljZjsf] 7"nf] e"–efu jx';+Vos hgtf cem} cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf /x]sf] l:yltdf To;nfO{ hf]8\g] s8L eg]sf] ljZj ;j{xf/f juL{o b[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df ljZj ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngafx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'sx?df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tjdf l;wf ;dfhjfbL qmflGt cfjZos /x]sf] 5 eg] cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sx?df hgjfbL qmflGt x“'b} cGttM ;dfhjfbL qmflGt;“u hf]8\g} kb{5 . lsgeg] cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sx?df Psftkm{ ;fdGtjfbnfO{ tf]8\b} k"“hLjfbL qmflGt Psxb;Dd clgjfo{ x'ghfG5 eg] csf]{tkm{ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] k"jf{wf/sf] ?kdf klg k"“hLjfbL qmflGt clgjfo{ x'G5 . /fli6«otfsf] k|Zg k"“hLjfbL qmflGtsf] Pp6} cleGg kIf xf] . ljZj ;fd|fHojfb / If]qLo Psflwsf/ jf cx+sf/jfb k"“hLjfbL qmflGtdf uDeL/ cj/f]wsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf] x'G5 h;nfO{ k"“hLjfbL qmflGtn] tf]8g} kb{5 . pklgj]z, cw{pklgj]z jf gjpklgj]z d'n'sx?df o; k|s[ltsf] k"“hLjfbL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] h?/L x'G5 h;nfO{ xfdL csf]{ zAbdf /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng eG5f}+ . k/Gt' k/Dk/fut k"“hLjfbL /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng / ;j{xf/f juL{o r]tgfsf] cfwf/df ;+rflng /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] rl/qdf leGgtf 5 . k/Dk/fut /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng / ;fdGtL, ;fd|fHojfb, lj:tf/jfb jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] cltqmd0flj?4 s]lGb|t lyof] . k/Gt' ca ljZj ;fd|fHojfb / pklgj]zjfbsf] ljsf;n] Tof] ;+ej /x]g / /fli6«o d'lQmsf nflu ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 s]lGb|t geO{ csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . Tof] r]tgf eg]sf] ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6«otfjfbL r]tgfaf6 dfq ;+ej 5 . To;}n] xfdL oxL r]tgfsf] cfwf/df /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng ub{5f}+ .
cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sx?df hgjfbL qmflGtsf] b'O{ rl/q /x]sf 5g\ . Psftkm{ ;fdGtjfb lj/f]wL hgjfbL cfGbf]ng / csf]{tkm{ cf}klgj]lzs l:yltsf sf/0fn] ;fd|fHojfb, lj:tf/jfb jf ;j}vfn] Psflwsf/jfbsf lj?4 /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng . oL b'O{ cfGbf]ngaLrsf] ;xL qmflGtsf/L ;+of]hg ug{ lrlgof qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{df s=dfcf]sf] ljrf/n] ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . k/Gt' g]kfn / blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'n'sx?df s=dfcf]sf] d[To'kZrft\ oL b'O{ rl/qsf cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;jfndf ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ng k5fl8 k/]sf] lyof] . 7Ls oxL kl/l:yltnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|r08kyn] ;dfof]hg ug{ ;kmn x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . k|r08kyn] hgjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] r/0fdf juL{o pTkL8gsf] b'j} ?kx? JolQm–JolQmdfly x'g] pTkL8g / lglZrt ;fdflhs ;d'bfodfly pTkL8g / cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;xL 9+un] v'6\ofpg ;kmn /x]sf] 5 / tL b'j} k|s[ltsf cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;lxtsf] hgjfbL qmflGtsf] dfu{nfO{ clVtof/ u/]sf] 5 . ljut sfndf g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df hgjfbL cfGbf]ng cGttM JolQm–JolQmdfly x'g] pTkL8g / gful/s :jtGqtf tyf ;dfgtfsf] ;jfndf s]lGb|t eP/ a'em\g] cjwf/0ff lyof] . If]qLo jf hftLo pTkL8g / cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ OGsf/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] lyof] . o; cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|r08kyn] tf]8\b} o; k|s[ltsf] cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ kqmg / To;nfO{ gful/sx?sf] hgjfbL cfGbf]ng;“u hf]8\g ;kmn /x]sf] 5 . hgo'4n] Jofkstfsf ;fy lj:tf/ x'g' / hg;dy{g k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'df k|r08kysf] o; cjwf/0ffn] klg sfkmL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5, cfh ;+zf]wgjfbL u'6 pku'6x?;“usf] Pp6f cfwf/e"t cGt/ oxL+g]/ /x]sf] 5 ls pgLx? cem} klg o; k|ZgnfO{ /fli6«o :jtGqtfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ tof/ 5}gg\ . ha;Dd o; k|ZgnfO{ hgjfbL qmflGtsf] cleGg kIfsf] ?kdf u|x0f ul/b}g ta;Dd pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] /fli6«otfsf] cfwf/df x'g] pTkL8gaf6 d'lQmsf] dfu{ cjnDag ug{;Sg] 5}gg\ . To; l:yltdf hgjfbL qmflGt eof] eg] klg jx';+Vos pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf lglDt hgjfbL qmflGt gx'g;S5 . ca of] k|Zg s'g} ;d'bfo ljz]ifsf] k|Zg geO{ g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGtn] xn ug'{kg]{ cfwf/e"t k|Zg xf] . o;nfO{ k|r08kyn] ;xL 9+un] ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] 5 .
sltkon] o; k|ZgnfO{ /fli6«o ;d:ofsf ?kdf lng g;lsg] cy{df klg JofVof ug]{ ub{5g\ . of] a'emfO{ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb;“u d]n vf“b}g . ;fdGtL /fHo;QfnfO{ Pp6f j+z ljz]ifdf s]lGb|t u/]/ cfd hg;d'bfox?nfO{ ;Qfaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf] e]befj dfq xf]Og If]q, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt cflb hftLotfsf cfwf/df klg pTkL8g / cltqmd0f ePsf] l:ylt xf] . o; tYonfO{ c:jLsf/ ug'{ P]ltxfl;s e}fltsjfbL b[li6sf]0fsf] cjd"Nog ug'{ xf] . sltkon] of] klg p7fpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 ls oxf“sf ;d'bfox? k"“hLjfbL /fi6«sf] :t/df ljsf; ePs} 5}]gg\ ctM To; cy{df ?kdf s=n]lggn] cjnDag ug'{ePsf] /fi6«x?sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] k|Zg oxf“ d]n vf“b}g eGg] klg /x]sf] 5 . hgtfn] k|fKt ug]{ xs / clwsf/sf] k|Zg eg]sf] hftLo pTkL8g;“u ;DalGwt x'G5 . hxf“ pTkL8g x'G5 Toxf“ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cfjZos x'G5 . Tof] clwsf/sf] k|Zg /fi6«sf] ?kdf ljsl;t jf cljsl;t hflt;“u ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf]Og of] t pTkL8g;“u hf]l8Psf] ljifo xf] . To;}n] o; clwsf/nfO{ ljsl;t k"“hLjfbL /fi6« jf cljsl;t / lk5l8Psf] sljnfO hflt eg]/ cGt/ u/]/ k|bfg ug]{ ljifo xf]Og . olb pTkL8gsf] cj:yfdf 5 eg] ljsf;sf] h'g;'s} r/0fdf ePsf ;d'bfosf] xsdf klg nfu" x'G5 . olb s'g} ;d'bfo ljsl;t k"“hLjfbL /fi6«s} r/0fdf /x]5 eg] klg, olb p;n] c?dfly pTkL8g dRrfp“5 eg] To; l:yltdf p;n] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . ctM cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ eg]sf] pTkLl8t hfltsf] lglDt pTkL8gaf6 d'lQm / :jtGqtfsf] lglDt ljb|f]x ug]{ clwsf/ xf] . ha;Dd pTkL8g sfod /xG5 ta;Dd of] clwsf/sf] cfjZos klg /lx/G5 .
sltko dflg;x?n] of] klg eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 ls cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/n] afO;] rf}aL;]sfnLg e'/]6fs'/] /fHosf] ?kdf /fHonfO{ ljv08g ug]{5 . of] klg clwe"tjfbL lrGtg xf] . lsgeg] Pstf / :jtGqtf Ps cfk;df åGåfTds ;DaGwsf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . Pp6f kIf dfq lg/k]If x'g ;Sb}g Pstfsf] cfwf/ :jtGqtf xf] eg] :jtGqtf Pstfsf nflu xf] . ljut sfndf ;fdGtL zf;sx?n] Pstfsf] /fu t cnfk] t/ :jtGqtf k|bfg u/]gg\ / Tof] Pstf jf:tljs Pstfsf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'g ;s]g . To;n] ;dfhnfO{ emg} cg]stf / ljvl08t t'NofOlbof] . To;}n] pTkL8g/lxt ;fdflhs tyf juL{o Pstf sfod ug{sf nflu ;a} k|sf/sf pTkL8gx?sf] cGTo tyf To;sf] nflu hgtf :jod\nfO{ :jtGq?kdf lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] pRrtd hgjfbL clwsf/af6 ;d[4Ls/0f u/]/ dfq ;+ej x'G5 .
sltkon] of] klg p7fpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 ls g]kfndf s'g} hflt jf If]qLo ;d'bfox? cfly{s ?kn] cfTdlge{/ OsfOsf] ?kdf /x]s} 5}gg\ . To;} cy{df klg /fli6«o cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g eGg] ts{ p7\g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; ts{nfO{ cufl8 ;fg]{ xf] eg] l;+uf] g]kfnnfO{ g} k[ys d'n'sssf] ?kdf bfjf ug'{ klg j]7Ls x'G5 . lsgeg] cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf sf/0f g]kfn cf}Bf]lus k"“hLjfbL pTkfbgsf] b[li6n] cfTdlge{/ 5}g . k/Gt' k/Dk/fut u|fdL0f s[lif pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] lgjf{xd'vL pTkfbg k|0ffnL cem} sfod 5 . b}lgs ?kdf cfjZos pkef]Uo j:t'x? cfkm}+ pTkfbg ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . To;af6 ;fdfGotof hLjg lgjf{x x'“b} cfO/x]sf] klg 5 . ctM d'VotM cfly{s cfTdlge{/tfsf cfwf/x? 5g\ jf 5}gg eGg] xf] eg] o;/L x]bf{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cfTdlge{/tfsf cfwf/x? k|z:t 5g\ . l;+uf] d'n'ssf] ;Gbe{df dfq xf]Og s}og\ If]qx?sf] xsdf ;d]t cfTdlge{/ ;+ej 5 . k/Gt' /fHo;Qfsf] ;fdGtL tyf cf}klgj]lzs gLltsf] lk5nUu' aGg] gLlt / lrGtgsf sf/0fn] cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqnfO{ ltnf~hln lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . ToxL cfwf/df hgtfnfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/af6 jl~rt ug]{ s'/f ljNs'n x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] cWoIf s=k|r08 eGg'x'G5–æs]lGb|s[t ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] g]kfnsf ljleGg hflt, hghflt / If]qsf hg;d'bfosf] eflifs, cfly{s, ;f“:s[lts Pjd\ k/Dk/fut hgjfbL dfGotf / clwsf/dfly lxGb" ;fdGtL Pjd\ j|fDx0fjfbL hftLo cx+sf/jfb nfb]/ jf:tljs /fli6«o Pstf / zlQmsf] ljsf;nfO{ ca?4 kf/]sf] 5 / gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtn] cfhsf] kl/j]zdf hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] l;4fGtcg';f/ ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfdf cfwfl/t alnof] /fli6«o Pstfsf] hu a;fpg h?/L 5 .Æ -dxfg\ cu|ufdL 5nfª_
o;y{ g]kfndf hftLo, If]qLo cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/;lxt hftLo, If]qLo :jfoQtf / s]Gb|df Ps k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo Joj:yf cfjZos b]lvG5 eg] ;fdGtL lxGb" wfld{s k|0ffnLsf sf/0f k}bf ePsf] n}lËs / blnt ;d:ofnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] cfwf/df ;dfwfg ug]{ gLltnfO{ clVtof/ ul/Psf] 5 . hftLo, If]qLo, n}lËs / blntnufotsf ljljw l:yltsf ;fy} ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] c;dfg l:yltsf sf/0fn] @!cf}+ zbLsf] hgjfbL /fHo k|0ffnLnfO{ b]zeQm / hgjfbL zlQmx?sf] aLrsf] ;xdltdf hgjfbL k|0ffnLsf] ?kdf cjnDag ul/g'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ klg k|r08kyn] c+lusf/ u/]sf] 5 . o; cjwf/0faf6 cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ ;dfwfg u/L hgjfb x'“b} ;'Gb/ tyf ;Eo ;dfhjfbL ;dfhsf] lbzftkm{ n}hfg kb{5 .
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o;/L @)cf} ztfJbLdf ;f]leot ;+3 / rLgsf] /fli6«otfsf] k|Zg / hgjfbL ;dfhjfbL k|0ffnLsf] cEof;sf cg'ejx?nfO{ ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sx?sf] ;fd|fHojfbL pklgj]z jf lj:tf/jfbL Psflwsf/jfb nufotsf] pTkL8gx?sf lj?4sf] /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;fdGtjfb tyf ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL hgjfbL cfGbf]ng;“u ;dfof]hg ub}{ k"“hLjfbL /fHox?df em} k[ysk[ys k|sf/sf] /fli6«o /fHox? lgdf{0f ug]{ lbzftkm{ geO{ ;a} hfltx?aLr ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] cfwf/df Pstfa4 x'“b} hgjfb / ;dfhjfbL cGt/f{li6«ojfbsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9\g'kg]{5 . lsgeg] ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf] ljsf;sf sf/0fn] k[ysk[ys k"“hLjfbL /fli6«o /fHox? aGg] r/0f g} t]>f] ljZjsf cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sx?sf] lglDt ;dfKt eP/ uof] . @! cf} ztfAbLsf] /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng ca ;j{xf/f cGt/f{i6«jfbL r]tgfn] dfq cu'jfO ug{;S5 . s=n]lgg eGg'x'G5– æ;a} hfltx? ;dfhjfb;Dd k'Ub5g\ Tof] clgjfo{ 5 t/ ;j} 7Ls Pp6} dfu{ eP/ k'Ub}gg\ . x/]s hflt hgjfbsf] of] jf Tof] ?kdf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] of] jf Tof] k|sf/df ;fdflhs hLjgsf] ljleGg kIfx?sf] ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0fsf] of] jf Tof] ultdf cfkmgf] ljnIf0ftf ;fd]n ub{5 .Æ
ctM @!cf} zbLsf] /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng ?kdf /fli6«o :j?ksf] /x]tf klg ;f/df ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6«ojfbL ljrf/åf/f lglb{i6 eP/ dfq c;nL cy{df /fli6«o d'lQm ;+ej x'g]5 .
To;}n] xfdL ?kdf g]kfnL /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] hgjfbL qmflGt ub}{5f}+ t/ ;f/df ;j{xf/f cGt/f{i6«jfbL r]tgfåf/f ljZjsf] Pp6f e"v08df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] Pp6f 6's8Ln] ljZj qmflGtsf] dxfg\ ofqf cleofgsf] yfngL ub}{5f}+ . cfh ;j} k|sf/sf] pTkL8gx?sf] d"n ;+/Ifssf] ?kdf /x]sf] ljZj ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ k/f:t gu/L pTkLl8t hgtfn] s'g} k|sf/sf] :jtGqtf / :jfwLgtf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .
k|r08kyn] g]kfnsf] o; ljlzi6tfnfO{ kqm“b} /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng / ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngaLrsf] ;dfof]hgsf] gLltnfO{ cjnDag u/]sf] 5 . oxL ljrf/ / gLltn] ubf{ g]kfnL hgo'4df ;a} k|sf/sf pTkLl8t hflt, If]q, lnË cflb ;d'bfosf] ;fdfGo ;xeflutf dfq xf]Og cem ltg} ;d'bfosf] jfx'Notf /x]sf If]qx?df g} ;a}eGbf a9L hgo'4n] 3gLe"t / Jofkstf lng ;Sg'df oxL ljrf/ / gLltn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf b]lvb}g / hgo'4 s'g} ;d'bfo ljz]ifsf] dfq geO{ cfd pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] / ju{x?sf] d'lQmo'4 alg;s]sf] 5 . !) jif{;Ddsf] hgo'4sf] ljsf;n] hgtfdf o; ;Gb]znfO{ k'¥ofpg / :yflkt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . jx';+Vos zf]lift, pTkLl8t hg;d'bfoaLrsf] cbDo ljrf/ / efjgfTds Pstfsf] ;Gb]z lbg / P]Soa4tf k}bf u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . nfvf}+ zf]lift–kLl8t hgtf cfh hgjfbL qmflGtsf] dxfg\ ofqfdf nfda4 ag]sf 5g\ / ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj?4sf] d'lQmo'4df Tofu / jlnbfgsf pRr sLlt{dfgx? sfod ub}{ ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t hgtf;dIf Pp6f ;fgf] lxdfnL /fHosf] hgtfn] ljhosf ;Gb]zx? km}nfp“b} 5g\ . pTkLl8t hgtfsf] ljho / ;fd|fHojfbL pTkL8g nufotsf ;j} k|sf/sf pTkL8gaf6 d'lQm ;'lglZrt 5 .

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df3 !( ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffkZrft\ d~rg ul/Psf] slyt gu/kflnsfsf] r'gfjL gf6sn] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf xfjfbf/L ;Gb]z lbP/ 6'lª\uPsf] 5 . of] gf6s zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] j}wtf k|flKtsf] nflu ul/Psf] sk6Lk"0f{ k|k~r lyof] . zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] Ps jif{ / gu/kflnsfsf] r'gfjL gf6ssf] pTsif{df g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08df sfo{/t hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnn] )^@ ;fn df3 !* ut] /flt kfNkf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdl:yt zfxL ;]gfsf] Aof/]s, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhk|sf, Toxf“l:yt zfxL ;]gfsf] 6's8L / lhNnf sf/fuf/df Ps}k6s xdnf u/L eJo ?kn] ljho xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . o;/L df3 !( ut] laxfg ljhoL hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ljhosf] lju'n km'Sb} cfkm\gf] uGtJo :yfgtkm{ nDs“b} lyP eg] Wj:t ;b/d'sfddf cfuf] / w'“jfsf] d':nf] cfsfzdf d8fl//fv]sf] lyof] . 7Ls oxL ;dodf k|ltudgsf gfOs] 1fg]Gb| zfxLn] cfkmgf] zfxL 3f]if0ff Ps jif{ k'u]sf] cj;/ kf/]/ laxfgs} ;dodf slyt zfxL ;Daf]wgdfkm{t\ s'ln{b} pgn] eg]sf lyP . zfxL 3f]if0ffnfO{ ;'b[9 / lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 / o;aLrdf cft+ssf/Lx? ;Lldt x'“b} uPsf 5g\ . o:t}o:t} vf]qmf] asjf; / qmGbgk"0f{ cleJolQm ;'Gbf /ftel/sf] clgbf] / ysfOnfO{ kG5fOlbPsf] dx;'; ;a}nfO{ x'g] ub{Yof] . oxf“ o:t} tfg;]g cfqmd0fsf] Ps cg'e'ltd"ns rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .
cfqmd0fsf] /fhg}lts sf/0fM
gu/sf]6 ;fd"lxs xTofsf08sf] lj/f]wdf df3 * ut] kfNkf lhNnfdf nf]stGqsf nflu cfGbf]ng/t bnx?n] tfg;]g aGbsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL xTofsf] lj/f]wdf kfNkf lhNnfl:yt hgd'lQm ;]gfn] df3 ;ft ut] /flt tfg;]gsf] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f sfof{no nufotsf ;/sf/L sfo{nox? Wj:t agfp“b} lj/f]w hgfPsf lyP . tfg;]g gu/kflnsfsf] r'gfj alx:sf/sf nflu g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / cfGbf]ng/t ;ft kf6L{x?af6 ePsf] cys kl/>d / hg;d'bfosf] hfu?stfdf tfg;]g gu/kflnsfsf] r'gfj k"0f{?kn] alx:sf/ ePsf] lyof] . ha tfg;]g gu/kflnsfdf pDd]b\jf/ lgn x'g] kSsf ePkl5 Ps hgf dfgl;s /f]uL wftfgGb e§/fO{nfO{ d]o/ kbsf nflu pd]b\jf/ btf{ ug{ nufP . To;kl5 s/Lj xKtf lbgsf] wgf{kZrft\ klg pgsL cfdfn] cfk\mgf] 5f]/fnfO{ k|zf;gaf6 pDsfpg ;ls/fv]sL lyOgg\ . otf df3 !( sf lbgnfO{ ;ft /fhgLlts bnx?n] sfnf] lbgsf] ?kdf lrq0f ub}{ lj/f]w ;efsf] cfof]hgf b]z}el/ ub}{ lyP . pQm sfnf] lbgsf] lj/f]w / gu/kflnsf r'gfjsf] alx:sf/sf] qmddf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08 cGtu{tsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] tfg;]gdf df3 !* ut] /ftL !)=$% ah] rf}tkmL{ wfjf af]Nof] . nlIFt lgzfgf sf/jfxLx? ;dod} ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . h'g ;kmn sf/jfxLn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf nflu ;+ljwfg–;efsf] r'gfjnfO{ c;kmn agfpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .
sf/jfxLkZrft\sf] k|ltlqmofM
zfxL hNnfbsf] Pstfd} ckmjfxk"0f{ k|rf/n] kfNkfnL hgtfnfO{ Psxb;Dd unt k|efj kfg{ ;kmn ePsf] /x]5 . Tof] s] eg] …dfcf]jfbLn] kfNkf lhNnfdf Ps, b'O{j6f ;/sf/L ejg eTsfpg] sfdafx]s c? s]xL ug{ ;Qm}gg\ . olb pgLx? oxf“ cfpg] b'Z;fx; u/] eg] pgLx?nfO{ aQLsf] k'tnL jf l;6f}nfsf] crf/ em} agfOlbG5f}+Ú eGg] 3d08 5f“6\b} cfPsf /x]5g . h;n] ubf{ k|foMh;f]df kfNkfdf dfcf]jfbLn] cfqmd0f ug{ ;Qm}gg\ eGg] efg k/]sf] /x]5 . tfg;]gglhs} ;kmn kmf}hL sf/jfxLkl5 ljZjf; cljZjf;df / cljZjf; ljZjf;df PsfPs ablnPsf] 5 .
tfg;]gsf clwsf+z JolQmx?x?sf] egfO s] 5 eg]] /ftel/sf] n8fO{+df ;]gf / k'ln; t sf]xL af“r]gg\ xf]nf hgtfx? klg sl/j cfwf tfg;]gjf;Lx?sf] d[To' eof] xf]nf . ;fob af“Rg] dfG5]x?df cfkm"afx]s c? sf]xL af“r]gg\ xf]nf eGg] efg ePsf] /x]5 . t/ ljxfgkv Jo"lemb} hf“bf hgtfx? dg{] s'/f t k/} hfcf]; s'g} Ps hgtfnfO{ ;fdfGo rf]6k6s ;d]t gnfu]sf] b]Vbf hgd'lQm ;]gfx? hgtfk|lt slt w]/} lhDd]jf/ /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f ulx/f];“u tfg;]gjf;Ln] dxz'; ul//x]sf 5g\ . !( ut] laxfg 36gf:ynaf6 k|x/Lsf] Pp6f hdftnfO{ d'Qm ul/of] / l;l8of]nufotsf s]xL ;]gf k'ln;nfO{ o'4aGbLsf] ?kdf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfk\mgf] sAhfdf lnO{ s]xL lbgkl5 d'Qm u¥of}+ . To;sf] k|ltlqmof ljljw ?kn] cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf dfl/g] k|foM dfcf]jfbL g]tf sfo{stf{x? lgMz:q ?kdf dfl/Psf 5g\ . km]l/ tL ;]gf k'ln;nfO{ lsg lhp“b} 5f8]sf xf]nfg\ eGg] hgtfx? klg 5g\ . tfg;]gaf6 sAhfdf lnO{ 5f8]sfx? k'gM s]xL lbgkl5 ;'gjndf PDj';df lu/ºtf/ k/L km]l/ 5fl8lbPsf 5f}+ . o;nfO{ hgtfx?n] ;k{nfO{ b'w v'jfP/ hlt kfn] klg slxNo} dflns lrGb}g eg] h:t} eof] eG5g\ . csf]{ s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] hyfefjL dfG5] df5{g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k"/} v08g ePsf] dxz'; u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL dfG5]x?n] dfcf]jfbLn] Aof/]s p7fpg ;s]gg\ eGg] 5 eg] Psflt/ km]l/ olt glhs}af6 Toqf] cfqmd0f u/L ;f/f sAhf ubf{;Dd d'sbz{s aGg] zfxL ;]gfn] s]xL ug{ ;Qm}g /x]5 eGg]x?sf] hdft klg afSn} e]l6G5 . s]xL a'l4hLjLx?n] b/af/l:yt l;l8of] sfof{no, ;]gf / k'ln; sAhf ug]{ s'/f 7Ls xf] t/ b/af/} hnfpg'kg]{ s'/f 7Ls lyPg . tfg;]gsf] zf]ef g} gi6 eof] eGg]x? klg 5g . u[xdGqL sdn yfkfn] oxL laGb'nfO{ pkof]u ug{ vf]Hof] t/ oyfy{ s'/f l5Kg ;s]g . ;g !(@& df k|tfk zd;]/n] …/}tLÚnfO{ pbL{ nufP/ ljnf;L b/af/ agfpg] / dfcf]jfbLn] ;g\ @))^ df cfuf] nufO{ Wj:t kfg{] eGg] s'/f k'Vof}{nL ;Demf}tf lyPg g t cflbd sfnb]lv a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf yjfª\uL a:tLdf 1fg]Gb| zfxL /fHo;Qfdf cfPkl5 pgsf e/f}6] ;]gfx?n] yjfª\uL ufp“nufotsf a:tLx?df k6sk6s cfuhgL ug]{ g} eGg] lyof] . ha juL{o :jfy{ l;4\ofpg xltof/x?n] h:t} tfg;]g b/jf/ Wj:t kfg{sf nflu cfuf]n] klg xfd|f] kIFdf sfd u/]s} xf] . /f]ldof] ck|];gb]lv xfn;Dd vf/f, yjfª, slknj:t,' gjnk/f;Lnufotsf xfd|f s}of} ufp“a:tL / qmflGtsf k|tLsx? Wj:t ePsf 5g\ . @)^@ ;fn df3 !% ut] kfNkfs} Hofld/]df e'jgl;+x ;f? du/sf] 3/ ;]gfn] Wj:t kfl/lbof] . k"“hLkltsf] lglDt ;f?sf] Tof] 3/ em'k8L lyof] eg] p;sf nflu Ps dfq ;xf/f / b/jf/ lyof] . kLl8t ;f?n] b/af/df /fxt dfUg hf“bf pN6} dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]k nufO{ df/] . k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] Wj+;sf lgDtf] ug{] ub{5g\ . zfxL hNnfbx?n] xfd|f ufp“sf ufp“ 89fOlbPsf 5g\ . Toxf“ pgLx?n] slxNo} lgdf{0f ub}{gg\ . xfdLn] klg tfg;]gnufotsf ;b/d'sfdx? v/fgL agfPsf 5f}+ . xfdLn] Tof]eGbf cem} /fd|f] agfpgsf lglDt Wj+; u/]sf 5f}+ . To;sf/0f xfdL lgdf{0fsf kIfkftL xf}+ . clxn] xfd|f] nflu k|lts"n ;fljt gePsf j:t'x? Wj+; ub}{gf} . ljut Ps ;dodf u|fdL0f If]qsf ;/sf/L ejgx? k|lts"n eP To;}n] Wj+; uof}{+ . xfn af“sL ltg} If]qsf ejgx? cg's"n ag]sf 5g\ / ;+/If0f u/]sf 5f}+ . To:t} kfNkfs} /flg3f6 b/af/ xfd|f] If]qleq kb{5 / To;nfO{ arfPs} 5f}+ .
o:t} klZrdf~rn PkmPdsf] Ifltsf] af/] klg s]xL lqmof–k|ltlqmofx? p7]sf 5g\ . ljz]ifu/L sdn yfkfn] ;~rf/ If]qdflysf] cfqmd0fsf] gd"gfsf] ?kdf Ol¨t ug{ vf]h] . hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfk\mgf] d'Vo nIonfO{ ;kmn u/L kms{bf ljxfgkv Toxf“l:yt zfxL ;]gfsf] Pp6f 6's'8LnfO{ cfqmd0f u/]sf] lyof] . s]xL k|lts"ntfsf afjh'b pQm cfqmd0fnfO{ :yug u/L hgd'lQm ;]gf cfk\mgf] uGtJotkm{ kmls{of] . kmls{bf Toxf“ 7"nf] cfuf] nufpg ;lsGYof] t/ hggd'lQm ;]gfn] To;f] u/]g . Toxf“ PkmPd ePs} sf/0fn] cfqmd0f ePsf] eP cGo ;dodf klg cfqmd0f ug{ ;SYof] . Toxf“ Iflt k'Ug'sf] d'Vo bf]ifL zfxL ;]gf g} xf] . o;nfO{ o;/L g} a'e\mg pkof]uL x'G5 .
tfg;]g sf/jfxLsf] k|efjM
kfNkfnL hgtfsf] Jou|tfk"0f{ cfdGq0f / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] :jLsf/f]lQm / s7f]/ d]xgtsf ;fy tfg;]g gu/kflnsfleqsf] kmf}hL sf/jfxL eAotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o;sf] k|efj kfNkfdf dfq xf]Og /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf ;d]t ;sf/fTds kf/]sf] 5 . olb 1fg]Gb| zfxLn] jt{dfg /fhgLlts lgsf; plrt 9+un] xn ug{tkm{ nfUYof] eg] dfcf]jfbLn] o;k|sf/sf] kmf}hL cfqmd0fsf] cfjZostf g} 7fGb}g lyP xf]nfg\ . lsgls dfcf]jfbLn] o;cl3 zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLlts lgsf;s} nflu PstkmL{ o'4lj/fd u/]sf lyP . t/ /fHokIf rflx+ s'g} klg xfntdf ;sf/fTds gePkl5 afWo eO{ o'4lj/fd e+u u/]sf lyP eg]/ tfg;]gdf ePsf] kmf}hL sf/jfxLsf] /fhgLlts k'li6 :jod\ hgtfn] u/]sf 5g\ .
hgjfbL u0ftGq / nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf nflu n8\bfn8\b} aGbL x'g'ePsf /fhaGbLnfO{ Ps}k6s h]n sAhf u/L 5'6fOPsf] 36gfn] klg /fd|f] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ @))( ;fn / @)!* ;fndf eLdaxfb'/ ;]g / Psb]j cfn] du/n] h]na|]s u/]sf] 36gf;“u bf“h]/ x]g]{ u/]sf] klg kfOPsf] 5 .
zxLb kl/jf/ / /fhaGbLx?af6 awfO tyf cfef/ k|s6M
kfNkf lhNnf k|yd hg;/sf/ k|d'v s]jn ufxf du/ ;b:ox? 3gZofd 1jfnL, odgfy kf7s, /fdk|;fb l3ld/], sDkgL sdf08/ s=gjLg, k"j{ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=ljno, k[YjLaxfb'/ ;f]d}nufotsf bh{gf} sd/]8x?sf] zxfbt / xTof x“'bf;Dd lhNnf kf6L{ kª\lQm / cfdhg;d'bfosf zL3| abnfefj / cfqmf]zn] cfuf] ePsf lyP . otf zfxL hNnfbx?n] o; lhNnfdf lg/Gt/ ck/fw ul//x]s} sf/0fn] s'g lbg dfcf]jfbLsf] cfqmd0fdf kl/G5 eg]/ lbg uGb} klv{/x]sf lyP . 7Ls o;} ;Gbe{df hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfk\mgf] kmf}hL lgzfgfsf] 5gf}6 u/L df3 !* ut] /flt tfg;]gdf ;fxl;s cfqmd0f u/L ljho xfl;n u¥of] . hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfk\mgf ;xof]4fsf] /ut aufP/ eP klg kfNkf lhNnfdf zxLbx?n] aufPsf] /utsf] ;f“jf Aofh;lxt c;'npk/ eof] . of] ljhokZrft\ lhNnfl:yt zxLb k/ljf/n] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ efjljef]/ x“'b} awfO{ ;Gb]z k7fO/fVg' ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfn] lhNnf sf/fuf/af6 /fhaGbLx?nfO{ d'Qm u/]kl5 /fhaGbL nufotsf aGbLx?n] hgd'lQm ;]gfk|lt cfef/ k|s6 ul//x]sf 5g .
pknlAwx?M
– ut s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] lnPsf] kmf}hL sfo{gLltsf] Aofjxfl/s k|of]u ;kmntfk"j{s ;'?jft ePsf] 5 .
– slyt gu/kflnsfsf] r'gfj / Ps jif{] zfxL ;QfnfO{ kmf}hL ?kn] gfsfd ;fljt ul/lbPsf] 5 .
– b'Zdgsf] 3gTjs} aLrdf kmf}hL of]hgfnfO{ ;s'zn sfof{Gog ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
– k|Tofqmd0fsf] bf];|f] of]hgfsf] k|f/lDes sfof{Gjogn] cfufdL of]hgfsf] nflu hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ cEo:t agfPsf] 5 .
– o; If]qsf] cg's"ntf / k|lts"ntfnfO{ Jofjxfl/s k|lqmofaf6} l5rf]Ng] sfo{sf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5 .
– 5fkfdf/ / df]rf{a4 o'4sf] plrt tfnd]n / df]rf{j4 o'4sf] cEof;df ;'b[9 x'“b} uPsf] 5 .
– s]Gb|Lo sdf08 / cGo zlQmaLr plrt tfnd]n ldn]sf] s'/f ;b:onfO{ ;d]t hLjGt cg'e'lt ePsf] 5 . nlIft lgzfgf leqsf] o'4;fdu|L ;Dk"0f{ sAhf ePsf 5g\ .
log} s}og ;kmntfsf afjh'b ;}Go If]qdf cfh ;fdfGo sdhf]/Lsf ?kdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofnfO{ ;r]ttfk"j{s phfu/ u/L To;sf] lgjf/0ftkm{ sbd rfNg' kb{5 . cGoyf s'g} l:yltdf ;fdfGo ;d:of k|an eP/ cfpg;S5 . of] ;Defljt gsf/fTds kIfnfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kn] ;N6\ofpg] cj;/ k|fKt ug'{ klg Pp6f pknlAws} ?kdf lng'kb{5 . To;sf ;fy} o; If]qsf nflu sltko Joj:yfksLo kIf klg h?/L ;d:ofsf ?kdf cufl8 cfPsf 5g\ . o;nfO{ klg ;fk]lIFt ?kn] xn ub}{ hfg'kb{5 . -s=l;hn g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ kfNkf lhNNff O~rfh{ x'g'xG5 ._

lzIff
cfwf/ Onfsfx?df ;+rflnt hg;fIf/tf cleofgaf/]
) k"0f{axfb'/ l;+x
dxfg\ hgo'4sf] eJotd\ tyf 5nfËdo ljsf;n] Wj+zkZrft\ lgdf{0fsf] k|f/De eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn / g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ k"0f{ ?kfGt/0f ug]{ of] dxfg\ k|lqmofn] ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} cfwf/e"t If]qdf Jofks / b"/ufdL k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . To:t} lzIff–;“:s[ltdf klg cfd"n ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu ljlzi6 Pjd\ ;+qmd0fsfnLg gof“ ;+3if{ rln/x]sf] 5 . lzIff ;“:s[ltsf] dxTj b'lgof a'em\g dfq geP/ b'lgof abNg / qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ dfq geP/ efjL k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/fnfO{ /f]Sg] k|Zg;“u cleGg ?kn] hf]l8Psf] 5 . lzIff / ;dfh kl/jt{g / /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] d]?b08 klg xf] . @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf lj1fg k|ljlwn] ce"tk"j{ qmflGt ul//x]sf] 5 . To;sf] k|of]u g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] lgldQ b"/b/fhsf] j:t' ag]sf] 5 . pgLx? ;Dk"0f{ k|ultsf] afws dWoo'uLg ;fdGtL ;Qf / To;sf] lzIff k|0ffnLaf6 zf]lift–pTkLl8t 5g\ . ju{ ljeflht ;dfhsf ;a} rLhx? juL{o x'g] ub{5g\ . ;fdGtjfbL tyf ;fd|fHojfbL kmfl;jfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f lgb]{lzt Pjd\ lgolGqt lzIff k|0ffnL -cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs_ clehft ju{sf] k]jf ag]sf] 5 . nfvf}+nfv g]kfnL >dhLjL hg;d'bfox? lzIff kfpg] g};lu{s clwsf/af6 al~rt 5g\ . …sfnf] cIf/ e};L a/fa/Ú ePsf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] hlt;'s} z}lIfs gLlt, sfo{qmd / cfof]hs agfP klg tL ;a} …xfQLsf] b]vfpg] bf“tÚ ;fljt ePsf 5g\ . clzlIft Pjd\ cgk9 hgtfsf] nflu k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lzIff gLlt clezfk ePsf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] Ps bzssf] bf}/fgdf ljut s]xL jif{otf cfwf/ Onfsfx?df gof“ hg;Qfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f k|efjsf/L 9+un] cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . cfwf/ Onfsfx?sf] ljleGg ufp“–6f]nx?df gd"gfs[lt hg;fIf/tf cleofg ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . Tof] cleofgsf] bf}/fgdf ;fdflhs qmflGtsf] nflu lzIff / lg/If/ /xg' ck/fw xf] eGg] dxfg\ pb\3f]if eO/x]sf] 5 . of] cleofg tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg nIo / dxTjsf ;fy ;+rflnt gof“ hglzIff cleofg klg xf] . o;df To;sf] ax'cfolds / b"/ufdL nIo dxTj / xfd|f] cfkm\g} cEof; / cg'ejx?sf] af/]df pNn]v ug]{ sf]l;; ul/Psf] 5 .
hg;fIf/tf cleofgsf] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o dxTj / ljsf;
of] cgf}krfl/s hglzIff cleofg xf] . o;nfO{ ;+;f/sf h'g;'s} zlQm, ju{ / ;Qfn] cToGt} dxTjsf ;fy lng] u/]sf] Oltxf; 5 . ;g\ !(!& sf] cS6f]j/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] ljho Pjd\ ;f]leot ;+3sf] :yfkgfkZrft\ s=n]lggn] / s=:6flngn] klg Jofks lzIff lj:tf/ / lg/If/tf pGd"ng cleofg ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] . s=dfcf]n] klg hfkfglj?4 k|lt/f]w o'4sfndf ;f“:s[lts / z}lIfs gLlt sf] lgdf{0f u/L o'4 Pjd\ qmflGtsf] cfjZostf cg';f/sf] 1fg, ;Lk tyf /fli6«o ;Ddfg efjgf hg;d"xdf km}nfpg k|f]T;flxt ug{ hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . To;df k"“hLjfbL, pbf/jfbL lzIfs, ;flxTosf/, kqsf/, ljåfg / k|ljlw ljz]if1x?nfO{ cfwf/ Onfsfx?df cfpg, :s"n tyf cvaf/x? ;+rfng ug{, c? sfd ug{ hgtf;“u ;/;xof]u ug{ cg'dlt lbg'kg]{ cflb s'/fx? lyP . To;}a]nf a'l4hLjL / ljBfyL{x?nfO{ gof“ :s"nx?df etL{ ug]{, ltgLx?nfO{ cNksfnLg tflnd lbg] hg;]gf, ;/sf/ tyf hg;+u7gx?df v6fpg] sfo{x? ePsf lyP . To;sf] ;fy} cfwf/Onfsfx?df 5fkfvfgf vf]Ng], k':ts, cvaf/x? 5fKg], ;fdu|Lx? ljt/0f ug]{, sfo{stf{x?nfO{ tflnd lbg :s"n vf]Ng clek]|l/t ul/Psf] klg lyof] .
hg;fIf/tfnfO{ k"“hLjfbLx? tyf k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] klg Tolts} rf;f] Pjd\ dxTj lbPsf] kfOG5 . o;sf] k|f/De !(cf}+ ztfAbLb]lv g} ePsf] lyof] . ;aeGbf klxnf o;sf] ;"qkft ;g\ !(!( df P=Pn= l:dyåf/f ePsf] lyof] . To;n] hg;fIf/tf -cgf}krfl/s lzIff_ ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf] lyof] . lglZrt ?kdf lzIffdf cfw'lgs lrGtgsf] z'?jft;“u} lzIff k2ltsf] j}slNks wf/0ffcg';f/ To;sf] yfngL ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] Jofks lj:tf/, k|rf/–k|;f/, k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf cleofg, ;Dd]ngx? klg u/]sf] lyP . h;df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] o'g]:sf]dfkm{t ;g\ !($^ b]lv lg/If/tflj?4 d'VotM b'O{ lsl;dsf -!_ k|fylds ljBfnoaf6 afnaflnsfx? / -@_ k|f}9 lzIffaf6 k|f}9x?nfO{ ljz'4 ?kn] ;fIf/ agfpg] sbd rfn]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;g\ !($( df k|f}9 lzIffnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] lyof] . 8]gdfs{n] PN;Lgf]/df ;j{k|yd k|f}9 lzIff eg]/ u/]sf] ;Dd]ng, ;g\ !(^) df %! j6f /fi6«x?sf] ;xeflutfdf k|f}9x?sf] nflu ;fIf/tf ;fy} Joj;flos / Jojfxfl/s lzIffsf] dxz'; u/L abln+bf] ljZj kl/l:yltdf k|f}9 lzIff sf]gf/f;lxt ;DkGg bf];|f] ;Dd]ng, ;g\ !(^@ df O6nLdf pGnf sGkm/]G;, k]l/;df Ps cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf ljz]if1x?sf] clwj]zg, ;g\ !(^@ df k]l/;df ;DkGg ;Dd]ng / ;g\ !(^% df k'gM O/fg ;d|f6 -zfxg zfx_ n] /fv]sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;fIf/tf cleofg eg]/ /fv]sf] k|:tfj -;g\ !(^^ df o'g]:sf]sf] dxflwj]zgåf/f kfl/t_ nfO{ k"“hLjfbLx?n] dxTjk"0f{ dfGg] u/]sf 5g\ .
dflysf oL ;a} tYo Pjd\ 36gfx?n] k"“hLjfbL tyf k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] cfkm\gf] n'6sf] :ju{ arfpg / cfkm\gf] juL{o :jfy{k"lt{sf] nflu elu/y k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] xfdLn] tL ;a} cg'ejx?sf] cfh klg t'ngfTds cWoog ug{ / xfd|f] ljlzi6tf Pjd\ ;Gbe{df @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ gof“ hglzIff cleofgsf] ?kdf hg;fIf/ cleofgsf] ;+rfng cfkm}+df b"/ufdL dxTj / h?/L b'j} 5 .
g]kfndf k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfn] klg @))* ;fnb]lv lg/If/tf lgd"{n sf] u'lnof] gf/f lbP/ o;sf] z'?jft u/]sf] lyof] . o;kl5 @)!# ;fn k';b]lv cd]l/sfsf] cg'bfgdf sn]h ckm Ph's]zgsf] cfof]hgfdf k|f}9 lzIff Jo"/f]sf] :yfkgf u/L tLg, 5 / gf} dlxg] k|f}9 sIff ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To:t} PghLcf]÷cfOPghLcf]x?n] klg k|f}9 sIff x? ;+rfng gu/]sf] xf]Og t/ tL ;a} b]vfpg] bf“t ePsf 5g\ . To;sf] p2]Zo lg/If/tf lgd"{n elgP klg ;fdGtjfbL tyf ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] nflu hgtfnfO{ e|ldt kfg]{ / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] gLlt nfu" ug]{ if8\oGqafx]s c? s]xL /x]g5 . sltko PghLcf]÷cfOPghLcf]x?n] t cfkm\gf] k|rf/sf] ?kdf klg lng] u/]sf 5g\ .
cfh cfwf/Onfsfx?df ;+rflnt hg;fIf/tf cleofg g t ljz'4 k|f}9 lzIff xf] g t o;sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qf / PghLcf]÷cfOPghLcf];“u s'g} p2]Zo ldN5 . of] t gd"gfs[t Pjd\ ljzfn hglzIff cleofg xf] . of] hglbzfdf cfwfl/t hglzIff xf] . o;n] s]jn k|f}9x?nfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg] dfq geP/ kmflzi6 k'/fgf] lzIff k|0ffnLaf6 al~rt s] afnaflnsf, s] o'jf–o'jtL, s] a[4a[4f ;a}nfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg] ljzfn hg;fIf/tf cleofg o;df hgtfsf] ufp“, 6f]n / 3/b}nf]df k'u]/ hgtfaf6 l;Sg] / hgtfnfO{ l;sfpg], lbg] / lng] ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
hg;fIf/tf cleofgsf] nIo / dxTj
hg;fIf/tf cleofgsf] d'Vo nIo lg/If/tf pGd"ng ug]{ xf] . clehft ju{sf] k]jfsf] ?kdf ljBdfg k'/fgf] lzIff k|0ffnLsf sf/0f lzIffsf] cj;/af6 al~rt cfd hg;d'bfox?nfO{ cfwf/e"t ?kn] ;fIf/ agfpg] jf:tljs hglzIff xf] . ?9Ljfb, cGwljZjf;sf lj?4 cfd hgtfdf gof“ b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f ug]{ hgtfdf gof“ r]tgf km}nfpg], hglbzfsf] ;xL k|of]udf hg;DaGwnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ ;+ul7t hgkl/rfng, ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f OToflb o;sf nIox? /x]sf 5g\ .
lzIff /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;fwg ePsf]n] b"/ufdL dxTj 5 . o;n] cfjZostfcg';f/sf] hgzlQm tof/ kfg{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . hgtfaLrsf ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg / xn ug{ ;fdflhs ;DaGwx?sf] cWoog ug{ hgtf;“u ;hLj ;DaGw sfod ug{ d"ntM hg;d'bfonfO{ ;fdGtjfbL, ;fd|fHojfbL zf]if0f–pTkL8glj?4 ljb|f]xsf] r]tgf -ju{ r]tgf_ hfu[t ug{ ;fdflhs qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ / efjL k|efljt k|ltqmflGtsf] vt/fnfO{ /f]Sg;Sg] hglzIff k|bfg ug{ o;sf] o'ufGtsf/L Pjd\ ljz]if dxTj 5 . o;n] gof“ ljrf/nfO{ hgtf;“u hf]8\g] / hgtfnfO{ ljrf/;“u hf]8g] k'nsf] sfd klg ub{5 .
cfwf/Onfsfx?df ;+rflnt hg;fIf/tf cleofg / pknlAwx?
xfdLn] Oltxf;df cGt/f{li6«o cg'ejx?sf] cWoog ug]{ qmddf s]xL gd"gfx? -h:t}– rLgsf] ;Gbe{df pBf]udf tflhª, pTkfbgdf tfrfO{ / ;+3if{df lrªsfªzfgaf6 l;sf}+++_ lyP . cfh xfd|} d'n'ssf] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgqmflGtsf cfwf/ Onfsfx?df ljleGg gd"gfx?sf] ljsf; lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . oxf“ d'Vo ?kdf gd"gfs[t hg;fIf/tf cleofgsf] af/]df pNn]v u/f}+ .
s_ r'gjfªaf6 l;sf}+
xfd|f] dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ /fKtL ljz]if If]qsf] of]hgdf @)^) ;fn ;fpgb]lv sflt{s dlxgf;Dd lhNnf / Pl/ofaf6 !# hgf sfo{stf{x?sf] s]Gb|Ls/0f / s]xL cGo hgzlQmsf] kl/rfng u/L ?s'dsf] r'gjfªdf !* j6f ;fIf/tf sIffx? ;+rfng ePsf lyP . To;df rf/÷kf“r ;o lg/If/ hgtfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . To;af6 @!) hgf hg;d'bfox?nfO{ k|flj tx;Dd k"0f{ ;fIf/ t'NofOPsf] lyof] .
v_ e]/L–s0ff{nL If]q
e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qcGtu{t hfh/sf]6sf] nlj;f, P]/f/L / n}vd nufotsf ufp“x? -l;kf{rf}/, yfKnf / £of/ufp“_ df clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ e]=s= If]qLo ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf )^) kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv @)^! j}zfv d;fGt;Dd #^ j6f sIffx? ;~rfng ul/Psf] h;df #^! hgf hg;d'bfox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . (% hgf k"0f{ ;fIf/, !!% hgf dWod / !^! hgf ;fdfGo ePsf] lyP . To;}u/L sflnsf]6±h'Dnf / b'Dnfdf klg hg;fIf/tf sIffx? ;+rfng ePsf lyP . hg;fIf/tf cleofgsf] sfo{ lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L @)^! df hfh/sf]6sf] h'gL sDo'g, rfNgf / d]z'nufot cGo lhNnfsf df]8]n ufp“x?df o:t} sIffx? ;+rfng ePsf lyP . r'gjfªnfO{ gd"gf dfGb} ;~rflnt hg;fIf/tf cleofgsf] bf}/fgdf hfh/sf]6df ;of}+ hj; lgdf{0f / bh{gf}+ k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{x? lgdf{0f / af6f]3f6f], rkL{ cflb lgdf{0f klg ePsf lyP .
u_ /f]Nkf ;]/d
gd"gfs[t hg;fIf/tf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ of]hgfcg';f/ @)^@ ;fpgb]lv sflt{s !% ut];Dd /f]Nkfsf] ;]/d ufh;df clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ n] @! hgf :jo+;]js ljBfyL{x? kl/rfng u/L !& j6f ;fIf/tf sIff ;+rfng u/]/ #)% hgf hg;xeflutfdf !)@ hgfnfO{ pNn]lvt ;fIf/ t'NofPsf] 5 .
3_ ;Nofg afkm"vf]nf
@)^@ ebf} & ut]b]lv d+l;/;Dd, ^% hgf :jo+;]js lzIfsx? kl/rfng / @( j6f sIff ;+rfng u/L ^%@ hgf hg;xeflutfdf !^) hgfnfO{ pNn]vgLo ;fIf/ t'NofPsf] 5 . To;}u/L @)^@ df g} ?s'dsf] dxt / r'gjfª, bfªsf] ukf{ / Ko"7fgsf] lnufdf klg hg;fIf/tf sIffx? ;+rfng ePsf lyP .
ª_ ljz]if If]q
@)^@ ebf} @–* ut];Dd If]qLo hglzIff ljefusf] cfof]hgf / /f]Nkf, ?s'd, ;Nofg, bfª, Ko"7fg, afUn'ª, DofUbL, slknj:t' lhNnfx?sf hg;fIf/tf cleofgdf ;xefuL ljBfyL{x?sf] s]Gb|Ls/0f u/L ^) hgf k|lzIffyL{x?sf] ;xeflutfdf /f]Nkfdf hg;fIf/tf sIff lzIf0f, cfwf/e"t lzIfs tflnd @)^@ ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;f] hglzIff ljefun] hg;fIf/tf kf7\oqmd lgb]{lzsf / gof“ r]tgf / xfd|f] hg;fIf/tf lzIffdfnf b'O{ j6f kf7\ok':tsx? klg tof/ ul//x]sf] 5 . oL pknlAwx?sf] ;+:yfut eg]s} cfufdL lbgdf hg;fIf/tf cleofg nfO{ To;sf] dxTj, nIo / pknlAwx?sf] b[li6n] cem} lg/Gt/tf k|efjsf/L / Jojl:ytsf] h?/L 5 .

s'/fsfgL
gof“ / pGgt g]kfn agfpg] cleofgdf nfda4 xf]cf}+
s=;Gtf]if, sdf08/, hLt :d[lt la|u]8
tkfO{x? ofqfd} /x“bf zfxL ;]gf;“u le8Gt eP5, Tof] le8Gtsf] k|s[lt s:tf] lyof] t <
xfdL u08s If]qdf ev{/} kfOnf 6]Sbf g6]Sb} o;/L le8Gt eof] . vf;u/L :ofª\hfsf] dgsfdgfsf] n8fO{+ / c? n8fO{+sf] t'ngfdf o;y{ km/s lyof] ls To; 7fp“df b'Zdgn] xfO6af6 cfkm\gf] kmf];{ oxf“ cjt/0f u/fof] / xfd|F] klg ;fgf] 6's8L Toxf“ al;/fv]sf] lyof] . *–!) ldg]6d} n8fO{+ ;'? eof] . vf;u/L b'Zdg cfkm\gf] zlQm Toxf“ cjt/0f ug]{ s'/f xfd|f] nflu cfsl:ds g} lyof] . o;/L b'Zdgn] cfsl:dstf lb“bf klg o'4df x/ ;]s]G8d} eO/fVg] abnfjnfO{ klg ;xL / j:t'lgi6 9+un] lg0f{o ub}{+ sfof{Gjog ub}{ h;/L b'ZdgnfO{ Wj:t kfg{ ;lsof] / To;sf] aLraf6 h;/L tLj|tfdf nfdf] n8fO{{ rNof] ToxL s'/f g} To; df]rf{sf] gof“ / leGg s'/f xf] .
zfxL ;Qfn] hg;]gftkm{ 7"nf] dfgjLo / ef}lts Iflt ePs]f eg]/ Psxf]/f] xNnf dRrfof] . dgsfgdf / Hofld/] le8Gtsf] jf:tljstf s] xf] <
dgsfdgf / Hofld/]df b'zdgn] yf]/} klg nfh gdf]g/ h;/L asjf; u¥of], Tof] ;['Gbf l67 klg nfUof] a? To; n8fO{{sf] jf:tljs s] xf] eg] b'Zdglt/sf] d]h/;lxt @! hgf / Hofld/]df ;ft hgf dfl/Psf] s'/f xfd|F] bfjL xf]Og p;}n] cfkm\gf] dflyNnf] lgsfonfO{ ;+rf/dfkm{t\ hfgsf/L k7fPsf] s'/fAff6 k|:6 x'G5 . b'Zdgsf] tL b'O{ 7fp“df h;/L dfgjLo / ef}lts Iflt eof] To;sf] 9fs5f]ksf nflu o;f] u/]sf] xf] . o;}df xfd|f]tkm{ eg] gf} hgf sd/]8x?sf] zxfbt eof] . ;To oxL xf] .
tkfO{+ :jod\ 3fOt] x'g'eP5 s:tf] dxz'; e}/x]sf] 5 t < o:tf] a]nfdf lkmN8df /x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ;Gb]z 5 ls <
3fOt] ePsf] a]nf 3fpsf] kL8f ;fdFGo x'g] g} eof] t/ dnfO{ b'v]sf] dxz'; ePg j? a9L lrGtf ev{/} ag]sf] gof“ kmd]{zgnfO{ 5f]8]sf] Ps dlxgfkl5 e]6 ePsf] s]xL 306fd} 3fOt] eP/ 6fl9g' kbf{ b'Mv cln a9L g} nfUof], ca hgd'lQm ;]gfnffO{ d]/f] ;Gb]z b]znfO{ of] xfntaf6 d'Qm ug]{ ofqfdf nlDsO /x“bf cj/f]w ag]/ hlt klg r'gf}ltsf >+[vnfx? v8f x“'b} hfG5g\ To;df cys / lg8/ eO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/xg' x'g]5 . d rf“8} df]rf{df ;fd]n x'g cfOk'Ug]5' .
clxn] tkfO{s]f :jf:Yo s:tf] 5 <
d]/f] :jf:Yo clxn] ;'w/s} qmddf 5 / ;Grf] eP/ l56\6} sfo{ lkmN8df hf“b}5' .
of] le8Gtn] s:tf] lzIFf lbof] t <
of] le8Gtn] klxnf] s'/f b'ZdgnfO{ x/kn cfkm\gf] gh/leq /fVg] / lgu/fgL ug]{ s'/fnfO{ cem bx|f];“u ;dfTg l;sfPsf] 5 . csf]{ Jof6n lkmN8df x'g] x/ ;Defjgfsf] rf}tkmL{ vf]hL / To;sf] pkof]u ug{ l;kfn' x'gkg]{ s'/fnfO{ gof“ p“rfOdf dxz'; u/fPsf] 5 .
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] bf]>f] of]hfgf s[ofGjogs} qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gfaf6 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df ahfg]{ of]hgf d'tfljs cfqmd0f e}/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] s:tf] l:ylt Nofpnf h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 <
1fg]Gb| zfxLn] h;/L g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf] rxfgfnfO{ nft df/]/ h;/L rf}tkmL{ o'4 yf]kb}{ 5, p;sf] 9f8 ef“Rbf / 6fpsf]df lg/Gt/ k|xf/ ubf{ cfuf]sf] Hjfnfdf l3p ylkg] 5 h;n] /fhtGqnfO{ 89fP/ Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf ;Lldt ul/lbg]5 .
x/]s 36gfqmdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] k[i7kf]ifsx? hgd'lQm ;]gftkm{ g} Iflt eof], axfb'/Lk"j{s cfqmd0f k|of; ljkmn kf¥of] h:tf k|rf/ u5{ . s] pgLx?n] eg] h:t} xf] t <
d}n] t ljkmn u/fOlbP/ zfxL ;]gf axfb'/ ePsf] b]v]sf] 5}g dfq} ;'g]sf] 5 . nfU5, slyt ;'/IFfkmf}h axfb'/ 5g\ of em'7nfO{ ;of}}+ k6s e6\ofP/ ;xL ;fljt ug{vf]Hg] ax'nfx? axfb'/ x'g\ eGg] s'/f 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] 5}g h:tf] nfU5 . xfd|f] t of]hgfsf] s'/f x'G5, s;nfO{ p7fpg] s;nfO{ /f]Sg] Ps lhNnfdf t c? w]/} SofDk klg x'g';S5 Tof] xfd|f] uGtLdf kb}{g .
dfcf]jfbLsf] 9f8 ef“lRrof] ca zfxL ;]gf hxL+txL+ hfg;S5 / cfqmd0f ug{;S5 h:tf asjf; ul//x]sf] 5 k'/fgf] ;Qf o;k|lt s] 5 <
xfd|f] If]qdf p;n] kfOnf 6]Sg]lalQs} 9f8 ef“lRrg] eP, ;fob cfh;Dd hgo'4nfO{ g} tx nufO;Sg] lyof] / ;kmntf xft kfg{;S5 eGg] xf] . nfU5 of] asjf; cfTd;Gt'li6 lng]afx]s s] x'g;S5 / < Tof] t Jojxf/af6} b]lvPsf] 5 lg x}g / <
cg'ejsf] lx;fan] of] df]rf{ s:tf] /xof] <
of] df]rf{ sltko c? df]rf{ h:t} y'k|} ;+efjgfsf] jLrjf6 klg ;j] lrhnfO{ xft kfg{ g;s]sf] d]/f]] dfg;k6ndf ;lhP/ j]nfavt cfvfsf] kbf{ cufl8 pleP/ gflr/xg] pQm df]rf{[ ag]sf] 5 .
zfxL ;]gf / k|x/LnfO{ s]xL eGg rfxg'x'G5 <
casf] cj:yfdf b]z / g/]z eg]/ k'Ug] jfnf 5}g . s] g/]z /x]/ dfq b]zsf] cl:tTj /xG5 < a? ;To s'/f s] xf] eg] cem @–$ jif{ of] b]zdf g/]z /xg] xf] eg] b]zsf] cl:tTj g} vt/fdf ePsf] s'/f a'em\g'k5{ . To;}n] k|ltudgsf] cfo'' nDJof“O lbg] xf]Og To;nfO{ nft xfg]/ cu|udgsf] kIfdf pleg] ;fx; ;]gf / k|x/Lsf ;fyLx?n] ug{'k5{ . ;fdGtL g/]zsf] g]kfn xf]Og, gof“ / pGgt g]kfn agfpg] cleofgdf nfda4 xf]cf}+ . –jftf{sf/ sfzL a/fn

;+:d/0f÷cg'e"lt
9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df xfGGf] cEof;;“u} em'/em'/] df]rf{
) cleofg
cfttfoL hNnfbx? xfd|f] cfwf/ ONffsfdf ;r{ ub}{ al9/]xsf] ;"rgf k|FKt e}/fv]sf] x'G5 . ca p;sf] cv8fdf k|lts'ntfx? lrb}{ nl8g] n8fO{+ xfdL xfd|} cfwf/ Onfsfdf n8\b}5f}+ . l8lehgsf] kmf];{ cfkm\gf] o'4 tof/L;lxt xfO cNf6{df /xG5 . o:t}u/L xfd|f] l8lehg ;]So"l/6L sDkgL P;N6x?sf] klg /f]nsfn u/L a6flnog sdf08/ sd/]8af6 o'4sf]r x'G5 . xfd|f] l8lehgsf] xsdf dxfg\ ;Defjgf k|s6 ePsf] 5, of] dxfg\ ;DefjgfnfO{ dxfg\ pknlAwdf 9fNg x/]s P;N6x?n] pRr jlnbfgL efjsf ;fy cf–cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ lgb]{zg x'G5 . tg dg cToGTf xtfl/Psf] 5, ;Qfsf kfNt' au/]x?;“u kf}+7]hf]/L v]Ng . cf}+nfx? ;NanfPsf 5g\ aGb'ssf l6«u/ bfAg, dgdl:tis g} Psf]xf]l/Psf] 5 n8fO{+df . 9'Ëf vf]Hbf b]pt} ldNof] eg] em}+ zfxL hNNffbx?sf Wj+zfTds cjzfgx?nfO{ p;s} cv8fdf vf]Hb} lx+8\bf xfd|f] cg's"ntfdf cfwf/ Onfsfdf lelqPsf] cfttfoL hdftdfly cfqmd0f ug{ cj;/ cfPsf] lyof] . b'Zdg cfkm\gf] dha't aÍ/, 6«]Gr, dfOgsf] ;~hfn, sf“9]tf/sf 3]/fx? cem egf}+ ;fd|fHojfbL ;}Go kmf]l6{lkms]zgaf6 lgl:sPsf] cj:yfdf lg/+s'ztGq zfxL hNNffbx?sf] 6fpsf]df cem rf]l6nf] k|xf/ s]lGb|t ug{ l8lehg s]lGb|t e}/fv]sf] l:yltdf 3gLe't df]rf{ v'Ng] eof] .
;d:t of]4fx? ;kmntfsf ;kgf ;hfp“b} zfxL hNNffbx?dfly cfqmfds aGb} tLj|tfdf a9\5g\ . l8lehgsf tLgj6f la|u]8x? ;Dk"0f{ o'4 tof/Lsf ;fy} cf–cfkm\gf cfs{af6 3]/f s:b} lyP . b'Zdgsf] kf]lh;g gfKb} la|u]8x? cl3 a9\5g\ . l8lehg sdf08/ sd/]8af6 ;~rf/ a];dfkm{t\ kmf}hL sdf08 e}/fv]sf] x'G5 . sfzg wf/fk|jfxdf hf/L x'G5 . xfdL Hofld/]sf] hËndf 5f}+, b'Zdg kmfk/jf/Ldf 5 . To;nfO{ ToxL+sf] au/df cfqmd0f ug]{ of]hgfcg';f/ xfdLeGbf 7Ls cufl8 nfld6f/sf] 8f“8f x'“b} k|tfk :d[lt la|u]8 cufl8 al9/fv]sf] /fd|/L b]lvGYof], ;fydf cGo la|u]8x? klg . n8fO{+ cToGt ;lGGfs6 5 . s]xL ldg]6, s]xL 306fleqd} dsjfgk'/sf] kmfk/jf/L /0fd}bfgdf kl/0ft x'“b}5 . l8lehg sdf08/ sd/]8af6 cToGt tLj|tfdf sf;g hf/L x'G5 . b'Zdg em'/em''/]tkm{ cl3 al9/x]sf] va/ k|fKt x'G5 . lgwf{l/t of]hgfnfO{ cln kl/dflh{t ug'{kg]{ l:ylt k}bf eof] . emg} tLj|tfdf gof“ 9Ëaf6 kf]lh;g ldnfpg / ckm]G; ug{ la|u]8x?df sfzg ;Dk|]if0f e}/fv]sf] x'G5 . xfdL b]lv/x]sf 5f}+, b'Zdg glhs}af6 a9\b}5, au/df 8an nfOg kmd]{zgdf d'e e}/fv]sf] 5 . Psfkl§ 8f“8fdf l8lehg x]8Sjf6{/ / ;]So'l/6L sDkgL, xfd|f] cufl8kl§ nfld6f/sf] 8f“8fdf k|tfk :d[lt la|u]8, k5fl8kl§ j]yfg :d[lt la|u]8 / cufl8kl§ af;' :d[lt la|u]8 . o;/L rf/}lt/ xfd|f] kf]lh;gsf] aLraf6 b'Zdg ;ts{tfsf ;fy lgw{Ss lx+l8/x]sf] 5 . b'ZDfgsf] d'e /fd|f];“u x]l//x]sf 5f}+ . ca kmfo/ cf]kg x'G5, n8fO{+ 3gLe't x''G5 eGg] ;f]rsf ;fy /x“bf–/x“b} pgLx? lgSs} cufl8 a9] . au/d} xdnf ug]{ lgwf{l/t of]hgf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]g .
em'/em'/] eGg] 7fp“df g} rf/}lt/af6 3]/f s:b} k'gM xfd|f] l8lehg cufl8 a9\5 . b'Zdg glhssf] :s"ndf /f]nsfn u/]/ cfkm\g} n'6kf6 / eofgs cft+s l;h{gf ug]{ of]hgfdf cufl8 a9\g yfN5 . xfd|f 3]/fx? klg ;f“3'l/+b} uPsf] x'G5 . xfd|f] l8lehg x]8Sjf6/ kmf];{ klg cln cufl8 a9\5 . sf]cl8{g]zg hLljt lyof] . ca s]xL ;dodf kmfo/ cf]kg x'G5 . n8fO{+sf ;fx;L kfOnfx? tLa|tfdf al9/x]sf] x'G5 .
kmfo/ cf]kg x'G5, 8Ë======8Ë, r6\ofË=======r'6'Ë=====8'Ë===== . uf]nLsf] jiff{ x'g yfN5 . cfqmd0fsf] ;“u;“u} xfd|f rf}tkmL{ 3]]/fx? ;f“3'l/+b} lyof] . b'Zdg klg cQfln+b} kmfo/ ug{ yfN5 . Ps}l5g cl3;Dd pgLx? lgw{Ss lyP . s]xL kQf] lyPg, Ps} l5gkl5 rf}tkmL{ kmfo/åf/f cfqmd0f x'G5 . b'i6x?sf xf]; xjf; p8\5 . s[lqd se/sf] dha't 3]/fleq s}b zfxL hNNffbx? k|fs[[lts se/df s'lx/f]df x/fPsf] sfu em}+ ePsf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsGYof] . cfqmd0f emg\–emg\ tLa| x'“b} hfG5 . e]l/nfO6 kmfN5, cGwfw'Gw kmfo/ u5{ . xfd|f :Jfo+;]jsx? klg ;lqmotfsf ;fy cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf x'G5g\ ;fydf x]Nykf]i6n] klg . n8fO{+sf] tLJf|tf;“u} l8lehg x]8Sjf6{/ klg glhsaf6 j:t'ut l:yltsf] cWoog ub}{ sdf08 ug{ cem cufl8 a9\5 . P;N6sf sd/]8x? b'i6x?nfO{ xfjfsfjf v]nfp“b} glhsglhs k'lu;s]sf x'G5g\ . olQ g} v]/ cfttfoL hNNffbx?n] cft+lst dfgl;stfn] ax'nfP/ hgtfsf] 3/ hnfOlbG5 . 3/ hn]sf] pHofnf]n] ckm]G; ub{} cufl8 a9\g k|lts"n e}/x]sf] x'G5 . cfttfoLx?n] Pskl5 csf]{ 3/ hnfO/x]sf] x'G5 . To:t} bz ah]lt/ p;sf] clGTfd ;xf/f gfO6lehg xf]lnsf]K6/ cGwsf/ cfsfzdf s/fPsf] ;'lgG5 .
l8lehg x]8Sjf6/ ;]s]08 nfi6 kf]lh;gaf6 cem cufl8 a9\5 . slDtdf klg b'Zdgsf] Ps sDkgL 6's8LnfO{ Wj:t kfg]{ / SofKr/ ug]{ eGg] :kLl/6 5 . ;f] :KfLl/6 kqmg Aof6n lkmN8af6} sdf08 ug{ :jod\ l8lehg sdf08/ a9\g'x'G5 . xfd|f] ;]So'l/6L sDkgLsf af“sL P;N6x? klg af“sL /x]sf vfnL / sdhf]/ cfs{af6 a9\g z''? u5{ . xfdL ;/f;/ af;' la|u]8sf] cfs{af6 sf]cl8{g]zg u/]/ P;N6 kf]lh;g ;DxfNg yfN5f}+ . oltGh]n;Dd n8fO{+n] rf/ 306f kf/ ul/;s]sf] lyof] . gof“ hf]z / :kLl/6sf ;fy P;N6x? a9\5g\ . b'ef{Uo, ;dy/ e"efudf se/ljxLg 9Ëaf6 a9\g'kg]{ afWofTds l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] lyof] . b'Zdgn] klg /IffTds n8fO{+ nl8/x]sf] lyof] . oltGh]n;Dd b'i6x? ljgfzsf] cf]/fnf] emb}{ lyP . xjfO{ cfqmd0sf] ;fxf/f ljgf nl8/xg ;Sg] l:Yflt lyPg . xjfO cfqmd0fsf] ;kf]6{ dflu/x]sf] a'em\g ;lsGYof] . ha x]lnsf]K6/n] *! PdPdsf ;]n v;fNg yfN5 clg cfkm\gf] etfe'ª\u l:yltnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ zf;s juL{o :t'lt gf/f nufpg yfN5g\ . cGTodf xfd|f P;N6x? ePs} kf]lh;gdf qm'/ b'i6x?n] k'gM 3/ hnfO{ lbG5g\\ . /ftsf] n8fO{+df pHofnf]sf] k|lts"ntfn] cln kl5 x6\g afWo x'G5f}+ . oltv]/;Dd b'O{ alh;s]sf] lyof] . pgLx? o'4 nDAofpg vf]lh/]x]sf lyP / xfdLn] k"0f{ SofKr/ ul/;s]sf lyPgf}+ . s]xL o'4 ;fdu|L sAhf ePsf] ;''lgGYof], pHofnf] x'“b} lyof] . ca nfdf] ;do ToxL+ /lx/xg xfd|f] lgldQ k|To'Tkfbs x'g] lgrf]8sf ;fy l/l6«6sf] sf;g x''G5 . ;f]xL d'tflas xfdL k"0f{ ljhodf k'Ug} nfu]sf] l:yltdf l/l6«6 x'G5f}+ . n8fO{+df dfq xltof/ sAhfsf] nIo xfl;n x'g ;s]g . sl/j ^ ah]b]lv yfngL ePsf] n8fO{+ # ah];Dd hf/L /x\of] . /fte/sf] 3gLe't n8fO{+df ^$ hgf b'Zdgx?n] d[To' eof], krf;f}+ cËeË eP . af“sL sof}+sf] klg dgf]jn dl/;s]sf] lyof] . cfttfoL hTyfx?;“usf] 3gLe't n8fO{+df pRr ;fx; / jlnbfgLefjsf ;fy a9\bf a6flnog ;x–sld;f/;lxt @& hgf xf]gxf/ of]4fx?n] pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{eof] eg] tLg hgf :yfgLo afns / aof]a[4 hgtf klg zxLbsf] k+lQmdf nfda4 eP . ltg} n8fO{+sf ch/ pmhf{ dxfg\ zxLbx?sf cw"/f ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg]{ k|lta4tf;lxt xfdL af“r]sfx?af6 efjk"0f{ >4f;'dg †
k|Tofqmd0fsf] lg0ff{os r/0f 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df xfGg] zx/ s]lGb|t /0fgLltsf] :kLl/6cg'?k yfgsf]6 / blwsf]6kZrft\ cem rf]l6nf] 9Ëaf6 /fhwfgLs} glhs s]lGb|s[t wSsf vfP/ kmSof]{ . pQm n8fO{+ xftxltof/, o'4;fdu|L sAhfsf] b[li6n] ljho h:tf] gb]lvP klg k|Tofqmd0fsf] Wj+;fTds n8fO{+sf] :j?k cg';f/ xfdL ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ . n8fO{+sf] lg0ff{os s'/f] dgf]an / dfgjLo zlQmsf] IftljIft l:Yflt, eLif0f ck/]zgdf cfPsf b'i6x? xfonsfon eP/ kms{g'n] xfd|f] n8fO{+sf] ;fGbf/ ljhonfO{ bzf{p“5 .
:d/0f/xf];\, dfcf]jfbLsf] 9f8 ef“lr;Sof] eg]/ asDkm';] asjf; ug]{ zfxL ;Qfsf g]kfnL Oltxf;s} lgs[i6 / clGtd vngfosx?nfO{ of] n8fO{+sf] k|xf/n] /GyGofPsf] 5, xf]; p8fOlbPsf] 5 . ;Qfsf] 6fpsf] Kjfn kf/]sf] 5 . KjfnnfO{ cem} ulx/f] agfpg] / af?b e/L 6fps} k8\sfOlbg] /0fgLltnfO{ ;fGbf/ ;kmn kfg{ Wj+zfTds ljhosf] 9f]sf v''n]sf] 5 . ;]So'l/6L sDkgL, t]>F] l8lehg

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r]kfª j:tLsL /ftf] tf/fM s=d}tL
) ;"o{ls/0f zdf{
zf;sn] cfkm\gf] n'6sf] :ju{df s;}n] wfjf af]Ng' ck/fw dfGb5 . cfkm\gf] xs, clwsf/ / hghLljsfsf ljifo zf;ssf cd/fjtL sDkfodfg u/fpg] sf/0f aGb5g\ . tL ljifodf cfjfh p7fpg] dxfg\ cfdfsf ;jf]{Qd ;Gtfx?nfO{ zf;sn] df/] klg pxf“x?n] aufPsf /ut /QmaLh ag]/ Psaf6 b'O{ / b'O{af6 rf/ eO hlGd/x]sf x'G5g\ . tL dxfdfgjx? Pskl5 csf]{ jlnbfgsf sLlt{dfg v8f ul//x]5g\ . cfkm" rlDsnf tf/f agL cfkm\gf] gfd Oltxf;sf nfnleQf]x?df ;'gf}nf] cIf/x?n] n]lv/x]5g\ . Oltxf;df k/]sf] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] sf]6f r'Stf u/L xf“;]/ ;xif{ c;}x\o kL8f d[To' :jLsf/L /x]5g\ . af“Rg] c;Ld rfxgfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ju{sf] lglDt d[To' :jLsfg{ cl3 a9]sf cem} nfvf} 5g\ . ;of} aGbL eO cdfgjLo kL8f ef]lu/x]5g\ . g/eIfLx? cfkm\gf] ef]s d]6fpg v'gL g+u|f cem} t];f{O/x]sf 5g\ .
v'gL zf;ssf] ck/fwnfO{ ca Ifdf glbg] / cfkm\gf] ;j{xf/f juL{o ;Qf lgdf{0f ug{ a9LeGbf a9L pTkLl8t hfltx? hgo'4df ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . w]/}n] t cfkm\gf pTkL8gnfO{ ;fx;, jlnbfg / qmflGtsf k|]/0ffbfoL ;|f]t agfPsf 5g\ . ltg} hfltdWo] r]kfª klg Ps xf] . of] hfltn] klg cfkm\gf] qmflGtk|lt k"/f ug'{kg]{ sf]6f r'Qmf ul//x]5 . r]kfª hfltsf] Oltxf;sf] s'/f ug'{kbf{ )%# ;fnsf] ax'rlr{t h'u]8L xTofsf08df b'Zdg;Fusf] ;+3if{df zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ePsf ;j{xf/fjfbL >lds ;+u7gsf bz/y r]kfªsf] gfd cufl8 cfp5 . To;f] t s=d}tL r]kfª, s=pk]Gb| r]kfª, cf:yf r]kfª / s= rGb| r]kfª hgo'4sf qmddf zxfbt k|fKt ug'{eO{ dxfg zxLb x'g'ePsf] 5 . k|:t't 5, tL dxfg\ zxLbx?dWo] s=d}tL r]kfªsf] ufyf–
dxfg\ d}tL, lji0f's'df/L r]kfª / nfnaxfb'/ r]kfªsL h]7L ;'k'qL x'g'x'GYof] . s[lif k]zf pxf“x?sf] kfl/jfl/s k]zf xf] . )$) ;fndf uf]/vfsf] ds}l;–# sf]n8fF8fdf hGdg'ePsL s=d}tL ;fg}b]lv ;/n t/ ljb|f]xL :jefjsL x'g'x'GYof] . kl/jf/sf] k|yd ;Gtfgsf] cfudgn] nfnjxfb'/sf] kl/jf/df v'zLsf] ;Ld} lyPg . ;dosf] ultzLntf;“u} pxf“ x'ls{b} hfg'eof] t/ pxf“nfO{ cGofosf] clnslt uGw klg dg kb}{gYof] . c;Tosf cufl8 lgle{s / lg8/ eO{ h'Wg'x'GYof] / ;TonfO{ :yflkt u/]/} 5f8\g'x'GYof] . glhs}sf] ljhof ejfgL df=lj=df gf} sIff;Dd k9\g'ePsL d}tL cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ sL uf]/vf lhNnf ;ldtLsL ;b:o /xg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+u7gsf] sfddf nugzLn / lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy Jo:t /xg'x'GYof] . pxf“ ;+u7gsf sfd rdTsf/k"0f{ / c?x?nfO{ /x:ok"0f{ nfUg]u/L snfk"j{s ug'{x'GYof] . ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;zQm u/L n}hfg;Sg] g]t[Tjdf x'g] u'0fx? pxf“df k|z:t b]lvGYof] .
pxf“ )%& ;fnaf6} k"0f{sfnLg eO{ sfd ug{ yfNg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] Onfsf ;ldlt ;b:o eP/ sfd yfNg'eof] . To;kl5 pxf“ cfkm\gf] s'zn Jojxf/n] hgtfsf cf“vfsf gfgL aGg'ePsf] lyof] . …d}tL gfgLÚ ag]/ cfkm\gf z'e]R5's / cfkmGt lhNnfaf;Ldf 5fpg'ePsf] lyof] . s= d}tL, hf] ;Dk"0f{ r]kfª hfltsL ;kgf x'g'xGYof], nIo x'g'x'GYof] / cem pxf“ ;Dk"0f{ hghfltsL Ps pHHjn ljDj x'g'x'GYof] .
@)^) sf] z'?jftlt/ g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_;“u jftf{sf] gf6s ug{ o'4lj/fd u/]sf] zfxL zf;sn] cfkm\gf hNnfbx?nfO{ b]ze/ cft+s d~rfpg nufOg} /x\of] . p;nfO{ o'4lj/fdsf] cfrf/;+lxtfn] klg 5f]Pg . b]ze/ zfxL hNnfbx?sf] sfd hgtfsf cf“vfsf gfgL / ef]lnsf ;'gf}nf] ljxfgLx?nfO{ vf]Hg], kqmg] / lgd{d oftgf lbO{ sfo/tfk"j{s xTof ug'{ lyof] .
)^) ;fn a}zfv @@ ut] ljxfg s=d}tL a;]sf] 3/ zfxL ;]gfn] 3]/f xfNof] / lgz:q ?kdf /xg'ePsL s=d}tLnfO{ sAhf u¥of] . zfxL ;]gfn] pxf“dfly r/d oftgf lbof] t/ pxf“ lgle{s x'g'x'GYof], lg8/ x'g'x'GYof] . ;+u7gsf af/]df vfPsf zkysf] k/LIffsf] lbg lyof] . Tof] cfkm"nfO{ s7f]/eGbf s7f]/ k/LIff pQL0f{ ug{ cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{ tof/ kfg'{ lyof] . ToxLcg'?k pxF“ oftgfn] uNg'ePg . pxf“nfO{ tL lu4x?n] cf?kf]v/Lsf] :y'nvf]nflt/ l3;fb}{ nu]/ ToxL vf]nf lsgf/df xTof u/] . clGtd ah| d'Ssf;“u} pxfFn] clGtd Ps :jf; lng'eof] / km]l/ gvf]Ng] u/L cf“vf aGb ug'{eof] . z/L/ /utn] nkSs} leh]sf] lyof], x'“8f/x? lx+l8;s]sf lyP . cfsfz lgMzJb lyof] . Pp6f 7"nf] r6\ofª kg]{ t/v/df afbn d8fl//x]]sf] lyof] . o;/L dxfg\ cfdfsf] Pp6f ;jf]{Qd ;Gtfg dxfg\ jL/+ugfn] of] wtL{ 5f]8\g'eof] t/ ;w}e/L rlDs/xg] d[uzL/f agL ;Dk"0f{ zf]lift kLl8tsf dg dl:tisdf x'g'x'G5 . tL dxfg\ jL/u+gfnfO{ nfn ;nfd †

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o'4sf] v]nd}bfgaf6 dL7f] r'Dagsf] ;fy} c6'6 dfof, clg ltd|f] ;'–:jf:Yosf] sfdgf † pxL nfna:tLx?af6 ltd|f] tl:j/sf] :d/0f ub}{ of] ;fbf kfgfdf s]xL zAbx?n] /+ufp“b} ;lhjtfdf ;hfpg vf]lh/x]sL 5' .
cf/fd t v} s;/L eg'“ † olta]nf d]/f] dl:tisn] n/a/fp“b} af]Ng] tL tf]t] af]nLx? hlta]nf ltdL;“u 5'6]/ a;df r9\bf ltdL cfkm\gf] 7"nLcfdfsf] sfvdf a;]/ xf“:b} xft xNnfp“b} labf u/]sf] Tof] lbg d]/f] dfg:k6ndf PsfPs 3'ld/x“bf stf stf kL8fsf] dx;'; x'“bf]/x]5 . cflv/ cfdf g xf], grfx“bf grfx“bf klg slt a]nf cfsl:ds ?kdf efjgf g} clu|d ag]/ cfp“bf]/x]5 . 5f]/L v';L, ltdLnfO{ b'Mv nfUnf cfkm\gf] cfdfsf] Gofgf] sfvdf n'6'k'6' ub}{ xf“:b} /dfp“b} v]Ng] a]nfdf Tof] Gofgf] sfvaf6 cnlUuP/ a:g'kbf{ . cfkm\gf] cfdfsf] ?k/+u b]Vg t k/} hfcf];\ cfkm\gL hGd lbg] cfdfnfO{ ;d]t lrGg g;Sbf kSs} klg ltdL cfkm"nfO{ slt b'ef{Uo 5' eG7fG5\of} xf]nf .
5f]/L v';L, ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{{sf] d'lQmsf] nflu h;n] d[To'af6 :jLsf/]/ 7"n7"nf ;d'Gb|df kf}l8g rfxG5 clg Hjfnfd'vL ag]/ b'Zdgsf] kmnfd] lsNnfx?df ljikmf]6 x'g rfxG5 . aGb'ssf] gfndf cl8Psf] k'/fgf] /fHo;QfnfO{ aGb'sn] g} ;dfKt ug'{k5{ eGg] j}1flgs egfOnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} / Jojxf/df nfu" ub{} kf6L{ cu|5nfªsf] ?kdf /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k'Ug ;kmn eof] . o;/L b'Zdgdfly wfjf af]Ng] qmddf xfd|f y'k|} cu|hx?nfO{ u'dfPsf 5f}+ . y'k|} ;xofqLx?nfO{ ;bfsf] nflu 5f8]/ cfpg' k/]sf] To:tf b'vb 36gfx? xfdL;“u tfh} 5g\ . x'gt o'4n] of] klg dfGb5 ls s'g} klg qmflGt jlnbfg ljgf ;Dej 5}g . ;fob o;} dd{nfO{ a'em]/ xf]nf ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] jlnbfg gof“ ;Qfsf] nflu clgjfo{ x'“bf]/x]5 .
ha ;j{xf/f ju{sf] gof“ ;Qf k|flKtsf] nflu ltd|f] cfdfn] klg cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] Kof/f] ;xof]4f ltd|f] afafnfO{ u'dfPsL 5', . 5f]/L v';L, ltdLn] klg cfkm\gf] afa' u'dfPsL 5f}+ . d}n] o'4df cfkm\gL d'6'sf] 6'qmf u'dfp“bf cfkm\gf] d'6'sf] 6'qmf r'“l8P/ hf“bf d cfkm"nfO{ efUoljxLg 7fGy]+ / ddfly Pp6f 7"nf] kxf8n] lyr] h:tf] efg x'GYof] . qmflGt lgd{d x'“bf] /x]5 . xfd|f ;a} kL8fx?nfO{ krfP/ zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abn]/ b'Zdgdfly 3[0ff / cfqmf]zsf Hjfnfx? bGsfpg cfjZos x'“bf]/x]5 . pxL axfb'/sf] lrgf]sf] ?kdf ltdLn] hGd lnof} . Xbosf] b'Mv]sf] 3fpdf ltdLn] yf]/} eg] klg dndk6\6L nufpg] sfd u/]sf]df ltdLnfO{ km]l/ klg dL7f] r'Dag †
5f]/L v';L † ltd|L cfdf 6f9f ePtf klg ltdLnfO{ s] eGg rfxG5' eg] hgo'4s} qmddf ltdL h:tf xhf/f}+ 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] cfkm\gf] cfdfsf] Gofgf] sfvaf6 cnlUuP/ a:g afWo ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] ltdL klg To;dWo] Ps xf} . cfh ltdLnfO{ cfdfsf] x}l;otn] s] cfu|x ug{ rfxG5' eg] ltdL Psbd} cg'zfl;t / 1fgL agL 7"nf]afaf / 7"nLcfdfnfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv lbg] sfd gug'{ / ef]lnsf] s0f{wf/ aGg] / ltd|f] afafsf] /utn] /+luPsf] af6f]nfO{ kfOnfkfOnfdf k5\ofp“b} / ltd|f] afafnufot\ xhf/f}+ zxLbx?sf] /ut r':g] g/lkkf;'nfO{ vQd kfg{ / abnf lng ltdL adaf?b ag]/ o'4 d}bfgdf Pp6f nfn l;kfxL ag]/ cfpg]5f}+ / cfpg'k5{ eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy ltdLnfO{ /ftf] ;nfd †
pxL ltd|f] cfdf
lgZrn
t];|f] l8lehg, af;' :d[lt lau|]8, sfof{no
;ftfsf] sljtf
;nfd
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d]/f] p;nfO{ ;nfd 5
h;n] d[To'sf] kl/efiff l;sfof]
hLjgsf] c;lnot ;Demfof]
dfG5] x'g'sf] ;fy{stf a'emfof]
kl;gfsf] df]tL slt ;'Gb/ x'G5
/utsf] /+u slt uf9f x'G5
df6f]df cd[t kmnfpg
kl;gfsf] gbL aufof]
lk+h8fsf] ef]6] tfNrf kmf]8\g
…åf/kfn]Ú;“u n8\bfn8\b}
df6f]df p;n] /ut aufof]
d]/f] p;}nfO{ ;nfd 5 .

v08x/ hLjgsf lj?4
jf;GtL hLjgsf] cfutdf
ha p;n] 5ftL vf]n]/
;uj{ rf“bdf/L v]Ng lbG5 j}/Lx?nfO{
Tolta]nf p;sf] 5ftL slt rlDsnf] x'G5
/ p;sf] ;uj{ d[To' slt ux|f}+ x'G5
p;sf] rdsbf/ 5ftL / ;uj{ d[To'
clg /Qms0faf6
nfv–nfv of]4f hlGdbf
lx+;|s …rqmjtL{Úsf] l;+xf;g g}
y/{/ sf“Kg k'U5 Tolta]nf
ToxL jL/ k'?if xf] d]/f] w8\sg
d]/f /Qmsf]lifsfx?
/, d]/f] hLjgsf] cld6 cf:yf
a;\ d p;}nfO{ dfq ;nfd u5'{ .
;dfKt

k|wfg ;Dkfbs– dx]Zj/ bfxfn
;Dkfbs d08n– uf]ljGb cfrfo{, cf]d zdf{, lx/fdl0f b'MvL
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